等值线三维显示及其并行算法

主要探讨等值线三维显示及利用并行处理提高计算速度的方法。运用多边形填充和“画家算法”,实现了等值线三维显示 ;根据等值线数据量随其属性值而变化的特点 ,设计了采用“卷帘存储法”实现负载平衡的等值线三维显示的并行算法 ;采用“结合扇入法”实现结果合并 ,并采用“运行长度压缩法”以缩短网络通讯时间。在串行机上进行的模拟实验表明 ,所设计的并行算法具有较高的效率。     

3维虚拟地球技术发展与应用

随着遥感技术、计算机技术和网络技术的发展,在应用需求牵引下,以GoogleEanh为代表的3维虚拟地球得到迅速发展和应用。对此,主要讨论了几个主要3维虚拟地球系统及特点。结合地理信息服务技术的发展趋势,介绍了自主研制的开放式虚拟地球集成共享平台GeoGlobe及其应用特点,阐述了虚拟地球技术与应用的发展趋势。     

Statistical analysis of two 3-D registration and modeling strategies

The paper deals with the registration and modeling of multiple 3-D profile maps acquired from different viewpoints by light striping. We analyze the propagation of measurement and calibration errors to the registration parameters and further to the reconstructed model of the scene consisting of planar patches. The analysis is performed for two strategies. In the first strategy, the maps are registered simultaneously using the Levenberg–Marquardt method to update the registration parameters and the model computed afterwards while in the second one, the maps are registered sequentially against the model reconstructed up till then using the method of unit quaternions to update the registration parameters. Our statistical analysis thus combines the registration and modeling steps, and in registration, we determine the corresponding points either on the parametric domains of the maps or as closest points in 3-D using the information from the parametric domain to restrict the search for the closest points. We also point out the precise estimation of the covariance matrix of the solution given by the Levenberg–Marquardt method. We illustrate the results of our analysis with real data from a scale model of an urban area.     

天文固定的三维平差法及应用

本文研究了制约三维平差发展的两个主要因素：（１）天文观测工作量大,（２）受垂直折光的影响天顶距观测精度低。在此基础上,提出了把天文经纬度作固定的天文固定三维平差法。该方法采用现有的垂线偏差分量来代替外业天文经纬度观测值,并在函数模型中适当处理天顶距垂直折光的影响,获得了满意的结果。另外,本文还针对三维平差观测值种类多的特点,通过试验,认为采用Ｆｒｓｔｎｅｒ近似公式为好。同时,本文给出了边长和天顶距的垂直归心公式。     

Automatic near-photorealistic 3-D modelling and texture mapping for rectilinear buildings

Three-dimensional (3-D) representations of urban regions have gained much attention because of recent developments in remote sensing and computer graphics technologies. In particular, textured 3-D building reconstruction for a variety of applications has been a popular research topic in recent years. In this study, we present the reconstruction of 3-D building models along with texture selection and mapping. Extracted two-dimensional building patches and normalized digital surface model (nDSM) data are used to generate the 3-D models. To build near-photorealistic 3-D models, the acquired geo-referenced facade textures are associated with the corresponding building facades using an automated GPS-assisted approach. On the other hand, the modelling and texture mapping of the roof structures were carried out manually. The study area is composed of eight housing estates (blocks), where a total of 110 buildings were analysed. The whole study area was modelled, with facade textures, in less than 1 min of processor running time with an acceptable level of accuracy. The texture mapping was carried out using MATLAB’s Virtual Reality Toolbox?.     

3-D Geovisualization of satellite images on smart devices by the integration of spatial DBMS,RESTful API and WebGL

Recent technological advancements in web-based geographic information systems have enabled access to satellite images on smart devices. The Representational State Transfer (REST) architecture overcomes difficulties that are associated with conventional data communications on the web, and the Web Graphics Library (WebGL) can be used as an alternative to web-based three-dimensional geographic visualization (3-D geovisualization) due to its efficient image processing capabilities. This paper describes a 3-D geovisualization system that was developed for satellite images on smart devices by integrating a spatial database management system (DBMS), a RESTful application programming interface (API), and WebGL. Spatiotemporal objects were constructed for time-series satellite images within a DBMS and a RESTful API was built for spatiotemporal queries to the time-series database so that the requested satellite data could be represented in 3-D on smart devices using WebGL. Satellite images that are represented in WebGL give a more realistic 3-D experience when they are combined with terrain data and provide for intuitive observations of the relationships between pixel values and associated geospatial conditions. This paper shows that a creative combination of existing technologies can be used to enhance and display satellite images on smart devices for 3-D geovisualization.     

二维水质扩散模型的建立及应用

根据东湖实际，探讨了二维湖泊水质扩散模型及其定解。提出的二维交替算法，具有快速收敛及确保精度等特点，改进后的内插模型解决了流场和浓度场的初始值和边界条件问题，形成了全湖数字高程模型；在浓度等值线快速生成的基础上，通过接口自动形成信息系统空间和属性文件，完成了专题自动分类。     

Three-image matching. For 3-D linear object tracking

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Representation of planar integral-transformations by 4-D wavelet decomposition

In one way or the other, numerical methods for the evaluation of integral operators can often be related to the solution of the so-called Galerkin equations. For convolution operators and exponentials with purely imaginary exponents as base functions the Galerkin matrix becomes diagonal and this fact is the core of the FFT techniques, used in Physical Geodesy. For non-convolution operators the FFT technique is not applicable. This paper aims at the development of a technique, which can also be applied for non-convolution operators. This technique is based on the use of wavelets as base functions. In this case the Galerkin matrix is not diagonal but (after thresholding) very sparse and this leads to methods, which are similarly efficient as FFT in the convolution case. The paper starts with the theoretical background for n-dimensional wavelet analysis and the representation of integral operators with respect to those wavelet bases. The resulting algorithm is tested for convolution and non-convolution operators.     

Three-image matching. For 3-D linear object tracking

This paper will discuss strategies for trinocular image rectification and matching for linear object tracking. It is well known that a pair of stereo images generates two epipolar images. Three overlapped images can yield six epipolar images in situations where any two are required to be rectified for the purpose of image matching. In this case, the search for feature correspondences is computationally intensive and matching complexity increases. A special epipolar image rectification for three stereo images, which simplifies the image matching process, is therefore proposed. This method generates only three rectified images, with the result that the search for matching features becomes more straightforward. With the three rectified images, a particular line-segment-based correspondence strategy is suggested. The primary characteristics of the feature correspondence strategy include application of specific epipolar geometric constraints and reference to three-ray triangulation residuals in object space.     

OpenGL 3维管线衔接处绘制的研究

3维管线建模与可视化是构建数字城市及实现管线管理信息系统中不可缺少的重要组成部分。本文介绍了利用初始点集构造管线衔接处3维模型的基本步骤,着重对OpenGL 3维管线复杂衔接处3维建模的关键问题进行了探讨。最后用实验对本文提出的理论进行了验证。实验表明,利用简单3维几何变换及基准面旋转的方法可以高效便捷地实现各种复杂管线衔接处的3维可视化,并在实际运用中取得了较好的效果。     

基于JX-4C DPW和AutoCAD的3维沙防图制作

探讨了在JX-4C DPW和AutoCAD环境中高质量3维沙防图的制作方法。这种方法结合了JX-4C DPW优良的3维测图功能和CAD软件强大的图形编辑功能,特别是有调绘尺寸的3维图制作,其作业周期明显缩短,而且作图质量大大提高,在生产实践中取得了良好的效果。     

一种基于曲线SAR的三维目标特征提取与自聚焦新算法

曲线合成孔径雷达（Curvilinear Synthetic Aperture Radar,简称曲线SAR）是一种新的三维成像模式，通过让载机作曲线飞行，曲线SAR系统能同时在方位维和高度维形成大的合成孔径。本文提出一种曲线SAR的三维目标特征提取和自聚焦新方法。新方法是建立在一种灵活的接收数据模型之上的参数化的新方法。仿真实验证明了所提方法的有效性。     

保持几何形状的矢量地图水印算法应用分析

不同类型的矢量地图水印嵌入算法对矢量地图几何特征的影响程度不同,导致含水印矢量地图的可用性遭到不同程度的破坏.针对这一问题,实现了一种现有的保持几何形状的矢量地图水印算法,将其应用于某居民地面矢量数据,并提出了几何形状和坐标精度评价方法,对该水印嵌入算法的普适性和有效性进行分析与评价.     

三维基线向量与大地坐标差间的微分公式及其应用

本文导出了以直角坐标差表示的三维基线向量(△Y X△ △Z)~T与其两端点之间的大地坐标差(△B △L △H)~T 间的微分公式。讨论了这一公式在处理GPS基线向量的坐标系统转换,某些量间的微分结构研究,误差传播,以及GPS基线向量的协方差阵到高斯平面二维向量的协方差阵转换上的应用。     

数字社区3维可视化查询系统的设计与实现

虚拟现实(VR)与地理信息系统(GIS)是近几年来测绘领域的研究热点,3维地理信息系统(3D-GIS)则是两者的应用结合.文中在前人研究成果的基础上,对基于数字社区的3维可视化查询的有关技术进行了探索,同时介绍了数字社区3维可视化查询系统的总体设计思想、系统结构以及功能特点.     

3-D SAR Tomography: The Multibaseline Sector Interpolation Approach

Multibaseline (MB) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) tomography is a promising mode of SAR interferometry, allowing full 3-D imaging of volumetric and layover scatterers in place of a single elevation estimation capability for each SAR cell . However, Fourier-based MB SAR tomography is generally affected by unsatisfactory imaging quality due to a typically low number of baselines with irregular distribution. In this paper, we improve the basic elevation focusing technique by reconstructing a set of uniform baselines data exploiting in the interpolation step the ancillary information about the extension of a height sector which contains all the scatterers. This a priori information can be derived from the knowledge of the kind of the observed scenario (e.g., forest or urban). To demonstrate the concept, an imaging enhancement analysis is carried out by simulation.      

基于光度立体的物体三维表面重建

本文采用不同光照条件下拍摄的多幅形像，利用光度立体技术建立了物体表面反射图和表面方向的关系，在规一化条件下解求物体表面的方向并进而确定了表面梯度，从而克服了ｓｈａｐｅ ｆｒｏｍ ｓｈａｄｉｎｇ中的不适定问题，并提出了一种基于表面光滑准则的物体表面重建算法，在单点深度已知的约束条件下可以确定重建表面的绝对深度。实验结果表明了该重建算法的正确性和可行性。