青藏高原1∶25万区域地质调查取得的重要进展

根据中国地质调查局的统一部署 ,1 999～ 2 0 0 1年在青藏高原北缘东西昆仑一带共布置了 1 6幅 1∶2 5万区域地质调查项目 ,分别由来自全国不同省 (区 )地调院或大区所与大学承担 ,各项目经过两年左右的实地调查和研究 ,在构造区划、地层系统等重大基础地质问题、高原隆升与环境、气候变化 ,以及矿产地质等诸多方面取得了一系列重要进展。1　发现数条构造蛇绿混杂岩带在西昆仑、东昆仑、阿尔金等地分别发现数条构造蛇绿混杂岩带 ,时代分别为加里东、华力西、印支期。反映了西部造山带多岛洋、多旋回的演化特征。木孜塔格、阿尔格山幅区调　…     

木孜塔格幅、鲸鱼湖幅地质调查新成果及主要进展

发现并填绘出前寒武纪地层单元.于木孜塔格地区下石炭统托库孜达坂群中发现早石炭世放射虫.在阿尔格山大断裂以南中二叠统鲸鱼湖组灰岩中首次发现冷温型单通道(竹蜓).在黑顶山缝合带中识别出畅流沟-向阳泉和木孜塔格蛇绿混杂岩带,二者分别形成于新元古代早、晚期.对各构造带中的岩石地层进行了古地磁研究与对比,建立了各自的古地磁极移曲线.获取一批新生代火山岩的同位素测年资料.     

长江源各拉丹冬一带发现Gallowayinella Ting类动物群

在1：25万赤布张错幅区域地质调查中，于原划下二叠统开心岭石灰岩组中发现晚二叠世长头期Gallowayinella Ting类动物群化石，表明该区二叠纪地层非属早二叠世，而似应与青海省南部晚二叠世鸟丽群对比。     

东昆仑木孜塔格地区发现早二叠世生物礁

笔者2000年在青藏高原北缘东昆仑木孜塔格地区进行1：25万区调填图时，在阿尔格山北坡发现了较具大规模的早二叠世生物礁链。据有关资料，除中国地大（王永标，1996）在东昆仑阿尼玛卿首次发现二叠纪生物礁外，未见其它海西末期生物礁的报道。我国已发现的二叠纪生物礁主要分布在杨子地台及其周边。木孜塔格地区生物礁以阿尔格山北坡雪掌岭一带最为壮观。礁核相带较为齐全，宽约40~80 m，空间上呈NW—SE向分布。相带以北是以砂岩为主的复理石建造，夹有灰岩体；以南为大片的礁后相灰岩。在整个生物礁中，均可找到大量的Neoschwagerina sp.…     

新疆柯坪、乌什的若干Ting类化石及其地质学意义

根据新疆柯坪，乌什的Ting类化石新材料，结合以往有关Ting类生物地层学及Ting类古地理分布的资料，分析了塔里木地区二叠纪Ting类化石组合特征。研究结果显示，塔里木盆地早二叠世Ting类动物群与我国西南地区同期Ting类动物群面貌非常相似，并具有一些目前仅发现于云南，贵州和广西的地方性种类，表明塔里木板块与华南板块在这一时期应处于相同的纬度，且两者相对位置似应比较接近。但是，这一结论与有关古地磁资料不尽吻合。针对这一问题，结合有关石炭－二叠纪微板块运动及古洋运动方向的研究成果，对塔里木，华南板块早二叠世Ting类动物群相似性产生的原因进行了讨论。     

塔里木盆地沙雅隆起托甫2井志留系划分对比

托甫2井志留系发育不全,仅残存下统(兰多维列统)柯坪塔格组与塔塔埃尔塔格组,柯坪塔格组分为三段:上下为砂岩段,中间为泥岩段,颜色以灰色、灰绿色为基调.塔塔埃尔塔格组为褐色、棕红色细砂岩与泥岩.在柯坪塔格组中下段获丰富的笔石、几丁石与疑源类化石,详细地讨论了这些属种的时代分布与地理分布,根据生物群特征,可将其归入3个化石组合(带),即Parakidograptus acuminatus,Belonechitinacf.postrobusta-Spinachitina sp.nov.与Dactylofusa cabottii-Cymatiosphaera densisepta-Leiosphaeridia组合,首次为主要勘探目的层之一的柯坪塔格组划分与对比提供了多门类的化石依据.托甫2井志留系可划分为1个Ⅱ级层序,4个Ⅲ级层序;Ⅱ级层序的顶、底界分别为区域不整合面T06与T07,具有明显的下削、上超特征.并以岩石地层为基础,生物地层为依据,结合测井地层与层序地层,厘定了托普2井志留系地层层序及组段的岩电特征,同时建立了覆盖区井下柯坪塔格组下段与上奥陶统桑塔木组的划分标准.     

湖北长阳古城埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组下部的疑源类化石组合

本文系统报道长阳地区陡山沱组底部硅质结核中发现的疑源类微体化石,并在陡山沱组二段中首次发现 Hocosphaeridium scaberfacium.研究发现,长阳古城剖面埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组底界之上13.9-22.6 m处产丰富的疑源类化石,目前己发现大型具刺疑源类化石9属11种(含1个未定种),包括:Distosph...     

新疆色帕巴衣地区志留纪柯坪塔格组笔石的发现简

新疆色帕巴衣地区志留纪柯坪塔格组岩性以片理化泥岩和中厚层长石石英细砂岩为主,生物化石较少,缺少时代依据。该地区柯坪塔格组中段底部泥岩中首次发现保存完好的笔石化石,计有5属5种,并有2个相似种和8个未定种,这些属种为Glyptograptus perscuptus带常见分子。初步确定,该区柯坪塔格组时代为早志留世(兰多维列世)鲁丹阶—埃隆阶。根据笔石化石及岩石组合特征分析,柯坪塔格组中段沉积环境以陆棚相为主,水体能量较低,利于笔石化石保存;上段为近滨相沉积,水体能量较高,不利于笔石化石的保存。     

新疆色帕巴衣地区志留纪柯坪塔格组笔石的发现

新疆色帕巴衣地区志留纪柯坪塔格组岩性以片理化泥岩和中厚层长石石英细砂岩为主,生物化石较少,缺少时代依据。该地区柯坪塔格组中段底部泥岩中首次发现保存完好的笔石化石,计有5属5种,并有2个相似种和8个未定种,这些属种为Glyptograptus perscuptus带常见分子。初步确定,该区柯坪塔格组时代为早志留世(兰多维列世)鲁丹阶—埃隆阶。根据笔石化石及岩石组合特征分析,柯坪塔格组中段沉积环境以陆棚相为主,水体能量较低,利于笔石化石保存;上段为近滨相沉积,水体能量较高,不利于笔石化石的保存。     

桂西北早,中二叠世常么期和栖霞期含Ting地层及分带

桂西北早期二叠世常么期和栖霞期地层为一套浅海碳酸盐碉相连续沉积,其中Ｔｉ类化石十分丰富,自下而上可划分为５个化石带,４个亚带：１）Ｐａｍｉｒｉｎａ－Ｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ带（Ｐａｍｉｒｉｎａ ｐｕｌｃｈｒａ亚带;Ｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ ｃｕｓｈｍａｎｉ亚带）;２）Ｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ ｇｕｅｍｂｅｌｉ带;３）Ｃｈａｌａｒｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ－Ｒｏｂｕｓｔｏｓｃｈｗａｇｅｒｉｎａ带（Ｃｈａｌａ     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).     

Petrographic, mineralogy, and geochemistry of coals of Pabedana, Kerman Province, Central Iran

This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.