地球物理数据处理解释系统中坐标转换的设计及实现

坐标数据作为基础数据涉及航空物探数据处理的整个过程,与数据处理质量和解释效果息息相关。笔者在调研分析地球物理数据处理解释系统需求的基础上,应用C++编程语言,结合坐标参数文件管理方式,完成了系统中坐标转换功能研制,并提供了标准化的API接口。经评估,转换后的精度,达到了航空物探数据处理要求。     

A statistical prediction technique for deriving contour maps from geophysical data

A technique for preparing contour maps is presented which has particular applicability for geophysical data. This technique derives from the assumption that each measured value is a sample from a statistical distribution which is taken to be valid in the area around that sample location. This distribution may be specified in the manner which best defines the relationship between the data and its spatial environment. Extending this principle to cover all areas to be mapped, and not just those measured, it is possible to predict values over a grid array of locations and hence to produce a contour map. Inherent in this simple procedure is: (i) the ability to adjust to the nature of the data being contoured; (ii) the elimination of edge effects; (iii) visual indication of the relative accuracy with which contours are located, at all points of the map; (iv) the automatic downgrading of data values which are in error; (v) the ability to contour combinations of measured data values without compounding errors; and (vi) a relatively simple extension to data spatially distributed in three dimensions.Research Council of Alberta Contribution No. 618.     

Relationship between geological,geophysical and geochemical data obtained from blind lead-zinc mineralization at Keban,Turkey

The Keban Pb-Zn deposit is an old and important mine in Turkey, and intensive geological, geophysical exploration and diamond drilling have been carried out in the area in an attempt to find new ore reserves. Graphitic schist in the hanging wall of the ore zone, which has sealed the deposit, has produced many false geophysical anomalies. Thus, it is apparently difficult to distinguish the geophysical anomalies related to ore deposits from those caused by the graphitic schist and other geological features of the area. Geochemical data obtained from soil samples over the deposite show significant leakage anomalies indicating the mineralization at depth. The geochemical data are also helpful in the interpretation of geophysical data.     

A comparison of surface fitting algorithms for geophysical data

Many treatments in geophysics require regular grids of data. Since the data are generally recorded irregularly (e.g. gravity measurements along roads) or even on tracks (e.g. satellite measurements), it is necessary to grid the observed data. We present the result of a comparison of various surface fitting algorithms carried out in order to check their reliability. Two different types of sampling have been verified: (i) clouds of points and (ii) points along tracks. Five algorithms have been extensively tested: (1) polynomial fit, (2) algorithm using a combination of spline-laplace, (3) krigeage (4) least-squares fitting method, and (5) finite element method. The suitability of each method for different sets of data and the limitations (in terms of amplitude and gradient) are discussed.     

A dynamic model of the Hellenic Arc deduced from geophysical data

Combined gravity and seismic data from Greece and the adjacent areas have been used to explain the high seismicity and tectonic activity of this area. Computed 2-D gravity models revealed that below the Aegean region a large “plume” of hot upper-mantle material is rising, causing strong attenuation of the crust. The hot “plume” extends to the base of the lithosphere and has very probably been mobilized through compressional processes that forced the lithosphere to sink into the asthenosphere. The above model is supported by: high heat flow in the Aegean region; low velocity of the compressional waves of 7.7 km/sec for the upper mantle; lower density than normal extending to the base of the lithosphere; teleseismic P-wave travel-time residuals of the order of +2 sec for seismic events recorded at the Greek seismic stations; volcanics in the Aegean area with a chemical composition which can be explained by assuming an assimilation of oceanic crust by the upper mantle; deep seismicity (200 km) which has been interpreted by various authors as a Benioff zone.     

地球物理数据处理中坐标投影计算方法初探

实际生产应用中计算投影时多存在一些问题和误区,本文简要说明了投影及投影距离的计算方法,并列举了生产中常见的两类问题算法,指出其存在的问题。同时编制了相关程序,利用野外实际测点坐标资料进行了较为详细的对比分析。结果表明所用算法在实际应用中更为合理,可以有效指导生产工作。     

The hungarian magnetic network and the processing of the obtained data

In 1994–1995 a geomagnetic survey was carried out on the territory of Hungary and the neighbouring regions on 195 stations. Magnetic declination, inclination and total field were directly observed. Some of the stations were measured jointly with Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica (ING), Roma. The results were reduced to the epoch of 1995.0. Normal fields for the magnetic components were determined as second order functions of the geographic coordinates. The polynomial coefficients have been computed in three different ways: by means of simple and weighted least squares procedure and using the adjustment according to the “most frequent value”. In the present paper the mathematical foundation of these methods and the comparison between the obtained results will be presented.     

Geological structure of central East Antarctica from geophysical data

Examination of the subglacial topography of central East Antarctica reveals the block structure of the Earth’s crust in this region. The intracontinental blocks of the subglacial Vostok Highlands (400 masl), Komsomol’sky Mountains (700 masl), Schmidt Basin (150 masl), and Aurora Basin (?300 masl) are distinguished. The geological nature of the Komsomol’sky Subglacial Mountains (KSM) and the Schmidt Subglacial Basin (SSB) is interpreted from gravity measurements and regional aerogeophysical routes. The basin of Vostok Subglacial Lake (VSL) is located in the conjugation zone of these blocks. The KSM are considered to be a block of the Proterozoic mobile belt disturbed by a system of normal and reverse faults. The SSB is a rigid cratonic block partly overlapped by platform cover. The localization of the VSL Graben in the zone of conjugation of heterogeneous blocks testifies to its formation in a deep fault zone characterized by intense normal and reverse dislocations.     

Deep tectonic subdivision of Kazakhstan,from geophysical data

Interpretative analysis of geological-geophysical data, with a comprehensive characterization of the principal tectonic blocks of Kazakhstan (fig. 3) and the map of abyssal fractures, from the “M” surface up, each with its own orientation, dip, and the accompanying specific complex of intrusive rocks (fig. 4), lead to the map of tectonic regions of the country (fig. 5) – an intricate configuration of discrete and/or presumptive structures of different origin, age, position, stage and other characteristics controlled essentially by some particular zone of abyssal fractures. – IGR Staff.     

地球物理数据处理技术中的图形与感兴趣区编辑技术的研究与实现

图形编辑与感兴趣区编辑在地球物理数据处理中应用越来越广泛。这里借鉴CAD中图形编辑的功能,研究与实现了地球物理数据处理中人机交互图形编辑的基本功能。在图形编辑的基础上,进行了图形所对应图像的属性编辑,进而实现了在遥感数据处理中感兴趣区编辑的基本功能。     

二维EMD方法在物化探数据处理中的应用研究——以云南个旧地区为例

文章采用二维EMD方法对云南个旧地区物化探数据进行非线性的多尺度分析与分解,有效分离了物化探异常,揭示深层次找矿信息.证明了二维EMD分解得到的所有分量都具有实际地质意义,它将是一种新的物化探数据处理方法.     

Deep structure of Anadyr' oil-gas basin,from geophysical data

Positions of the Senonian-Danian complex, in which economic accumulations of hydrocarbons may be expected, are defined; its structural isopachs are determined (fig. 1), and several local uplifts are identified in the basin, as targets for further exploration. -- V.P. Sokoloff.     

Web-Based interrogation of large-scale geophysical data sets from handheld devices

This paper describes the issues related to using handheld devices to interrogate wirelessly large-scale geophysical data over the Web using a client–server configuration. A modification of our current Web-based data interrogation program addresses specifically the limitations of current handheld devices with wireless access, such as processor speed, screen size and resolution, memory, and network speeds. The system uses a combination of Java, Python, and C in order to run remotely from the handheld device, while incorporating the power and memory capacity of a large workstation server.     

复杂裂缝地球物理模型制作及地震采集处理研究

裂缝是川中侏罗系致密油储层主要的渗流通道和重要的储集空间,控制着油气的分布与高产。储层裂缝主要分为在构造应力场作用下形成的构造裂缝和在储层沉积或成岩过程中产生的成岩裂缝,所以裂缝的研究及预测对于寻找致密油储层具有重要的意义。在研究复杂裂缝特征及制作方法的基础上,构建一个与实际地质参数相关的裂缝储层地震物理模型,并对其进行地震采集得到三维地震数据,经常规的叠前、叠后处理,得到综合裂隙模型的三维纵波地震数据。处理结果对于研究裂缝及裂缝带的地震反射特征、优选裂缝预测的敏感属性等具有重要的指导意义。     

一种物探仪器系统特性高精度标定方法

笔者提出了基于相关辨识的物探仪器系统特性标定方法,采用逆重复M序列作为激发信号,向仪器测量通道输入编码电流,按一定的采样率,记录激发电流和仪器响应输出时间序列,采用循环互相关法获取仪器系统的频率响应。仿真计算结果表明采用编码源循环互相关法标定仪器系统特性,提高了系统频率特性的频率分辨率。多周期叠加能显著提高辨识精度,提高采样率也有助于提高辨识精度,但要与系统数据存贮能力相匹配。     

Features of deeper structure of Magnitogorsk synclinorium,from geophysical data

The Magnitogorsk synclinorium, a major structure of the southern Urals, has pronounced positive gravity anomalies associated with numerous greenstone intrusives. It is bounded on the west by a gravity low which corresponds with the Ural-Tau and Bashkir anticlinorium and on the east by gravity minima corresponding to the East-Uralian anticlinorium with its numerous intrusives. The relationship between gravity anomalies and major south Uralian structure indicates the effect of deeper structure conditions. Magnetic data correlates with the gravity results in that the western and eastern zones have quiescent negative magnetic fields and the Magnitogorsk synclinorium shows a strongly differentiated magnetic field. Positive magnetic anomalies are related to ultrabasic and basic intrusives, though some large magnetic maxima correspond to lower Carboniferous acidic and alkalic intrusives. Gravity and magnetic anomalies give some idea of deeper structure of the area. Copper pyrite deposits are associated with linear magnetic anomalies and associated zones of crushing. Regionally, these deposits are definitely associated with positive gravity anomaly zones. Geologic and geophysical maps are included, showing major geologic features and related magnetic and gravity anomaly zones. — C. E. Sears.