泥质砂岩含水饱和度的求法

确定岩层的油气饱和度是测井解释的主要任务之一，砂泥岩储层是我国许多油田的主力产油层，研究砂泥岩储层的油气饱和度求取方法是非常有意义的。总结了主要应用于纯砂岩的阿尔奇公式，以及近年来比较通用、更能有效解决泥质导电问题的Waxman-Smiths公式、双水模型、双孔隙度解释模型和三水模型等。     

地球物理技术在珠江口盆地番禺低隆起天然气勘探中的应用

番禺低隆起~白云凹陷北坡地区是珠江口盆地最有利的油气勘探区域之一,目前已经发现了PY30-1、PY34-1、PY35-2、PY35-1和LH19-5等五个气田,天然气地质储量达1 200×108m3。如何在现有的勘探成果基础上进一步拓展勘探领域,对珠江口盆地东部天然气勘探的持续发展有着重要的意义。这里在依托番禺低隆起三维地震资料的前提下,以钻井、测井、地震等原始资料为基础,对本区的岩性电性特征进行分析,进而确定储层含气后在地震属性、AVO、瞬时子波吸收、波阻抗等资料上的响应特征,从而综合运用属性、子波吸收、AVO、反演、圈闭保存条件等多种手段,对目标圈闭的含油气性及储层进行预测。     

Comparison of Two Probability Distributions Used to Model Sizes of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Accumulations: Does the Tail Wag the Assessment?

Undiscovered oil and gas assessments are commonly reported as aggregate estimates of hydrocarbon volumes. Potential commercial value and discovery costs are, however, determined by accumulation size, so engineers, economists, decision makers, and sometimes policy analysts are most interested in projected discovery sizes. The lognormal and Pareto distributions have been used to model exploration target sizes. This note contrasts the outcomes of applying these alternative distributions to the play level assessments of the U.S. Geological Survey's 1995 National Oil and Gas Assessment. Using the same numbers of undiscovered accumulations and the same minimum, medium, and maximum size estimates, substitution of the shifted truncated lognormal distribution for the shifted truncated Pareto distribution reduced assessed undiscovered oil by 16% and gas by 15%. Nearly all of the volume differences resulted because the lognormal had fewer larger fields relative to the Pareto. The lognormal also resulted in a smaller number of small fields relative to the Pareto. For the Permian Basin case study presented here, reserve addition costs were 20% higher with the lognormal size assumption.     

Observed oil and gas field size distributions: A consequence of the discovery process and prices of oil and gas

If observed oil and gas field size distributions are obtained by random samplings, the fitted distributions should approximate that of the parent population of oil and gas fields. However, empirical evidence strongly suggests that larger fields tend to be discovered earlier in the discovery process than they would be by random sampling. Economic factors also can limit the number of small fields that are developed and reported. This paper examines observed size distributions in state and federal waters of offshore Texas. Results of the analysis demonstrate how the shape of the observable size distributions change with significant hydrocarbon price changes. Comparison of state and federal observed size distributions in the offshore area shows how production cost differences also affect the shape of the observed size distribution. Methods for modifying the discovery rate estimation procedures when economic factors significantly affect the discovery sequence are presented. A primary conclusion of the analysis is that, because hydrocarbon price changes can significantly affect the observed discovery size distribution, one should not be confident about inferring the form and specific parameters of the parent field size distribution from the observed distributions.This paper was presented at Emerging Concepts, MGUS-87 Conference, Redwood City, California, 13–15 April 1987.     

珠江口盆地阳江凹陷油气重大发现与成藏启示

珠江口盆地阳江凹陷近两年先后发现了多个中型油田和含油构造,短短两年时间里从一个沉寂了近四十年的勘探新区成为珠江口盆地(东部)的热点探区.主力含油层段韩江组下段和珠江组上段储层物性良好,以中高孔、中高渗储层为主,油气产量高.这些油田的发现对珠江口盆地的新区勘探具有重要借鉴意义.①良好的烃源发育背景是新区突破的前提:阳江凹...     

试论中国陆相油气侧向源——碰撞造山成岩成矿模式的拓展和运用

笔者根据我国陆相盆地富油、海相地层盆油、“盆小油量大”、油气与金属－非金属矿床伴生等特点，提出油气成藏物质侧向源的观点，依据碰撞造山成岩成矿与流体作用模式（CPMF）分析盆山转变过程中流体产生，运移，有机－无机分离和富集的机制，建立了盆山转换过程流体作用与油气侧向源模式。从油气田富集金属元素，造山带金属矿床成矿流体含烃类等有机组分，盆地沉积所堆积的有机质随盆山转换而形成油气，现代油气盆地与造山带金属矿集区空间耦合等4个方面论证了油气成藏物质侧向源的客观性和流体运移成藏模式的科学性。讨论了中国陆相油气藏的形成和分布规律，提出了今后油气勘查的方法。     

三维岩石力学参数场随机模拟预测方法及应用

以提高油田采油速度为目的的人工压裂裂缝施工改造,对当前广泛应用于求取岩石力学参数的常规测井资料法提出了更高的要求。提出三维岩石力学参数场随机模拟预测的方法,即以已知有限的常规测井资料计算出来的岩石力学参数曲线作为硬数据输入,以已知地震属性数据体及泥页岩水化和岩石环境参数数据作为软数据约束,选择序贯高斯模拟方法,随机模拟得到动态规律变化的岩石力学参数的三维空间数据场,然后由岩石力学参数的三维空间数据场预测空间任一位置的岩石力学参数在井上的测井响应,并把该反映动态规律变化的测井响应按照油田勘探开发的要求输出成特定格式,供生产和工程上使用。该方法为当前岩石力学参数的求取开辟了一条全新的途径,对勘探开发上制定完善的钻井、完井与油气开发方案和技术措施提供重要的指导作用。     

油气资源预测统计模型及其应用

松辽盆地北部的油气勘探程度虽然较高,但仍然有一些尚未发现的油气资源。本文在对预测油气资源的分形分布模型和截断帕雷托(TSP)分布模型两种统计模型进行系统研究的基础上,结合油气藏地质规律,通过预测该区未发现的油(气)田数量及其储量规模分布,认为方法可行,结果供参考,并待实践进一步验证。得出主要结论是:分形分布模型是一种预测油气田数量和储量(资源量)的可靠方法,在勘探程度较高的盆地或区带应用效果较好,而在勘探新区应用则有一定难度;截断帕雷托分布模型相对于分形分布模型不很完善,但应用该模型进行油气资源分布预测受具体盆地地质条件的影响较小,具有应用价值。     

Graptolite shales in the continental margins of the Paleozoic Yapetus and Paleothetys (Rheic) Oceans

Graptolite shales are a type of fossil shales that contain a large number of graptolite imprints and remains. These deposits are characterized by high TOC contents (C_org = 2–18%). Based on the data of many studies, graptolite shales are one of the main hydrocarbon sources that formed oil and gas fields in Paleozoic deposits around the world, e.g., the Silurian graptolite shales make up to 9–15% of all hydrocarbons that form the oil and gas fields in the largest petroleum basins.     

Research Progress in the Petroleum and Natural Gas Geological Theory of China

The Chinese landmass, as a composite region, consists of multiple small continental blocks, such as Sino-Korea, Yangtze, Tarim, etc., and orogenic belts. Because of its distinctive tectonosedimentary evolution, China’s oil/gas-bearing regions differ remarkably from that elsewhere in the world. For instance, in comparison to the Middle East oil/gas-bearing regions which are characterized by Mesozoic-Cenozoic marine oil/gas-bearing beds, early oil and gas discoveries in China are distributed mainly in Mesozoic-Cenozoic continental sedimentary basins. Generation of oil from terrestrial organic matter, or terrestrial oil generation, and the formation of large oil/gas fields in continental sedimentary basins were previously the major characteristics of petroleum geology of China. However, in the past 20 years, a series of major oil and gas discoveries from marine strata have been made. Marine oil/gas fields in China are mainly distributed in the Tarim, Sichuan, and Ordos basins, which are tectonically stable and covered with Mesozoic-Cenozoic deposits. In these basins, hydrocarbon-bearing strata are of old age and the oil/gas fields are commonly deeply-buried. Cumulatively, 995 oil/gas fields have been found so far, making China the fourth largest oil-producing country and the sixth largest gas-producing country in the world. In terms of petroleum and natural gas geology, theories of hydrocarbon generation from continental strata, such as terrestrial oil generation and coal-generated hydrocarbons, etc., have been established. Significant progress has been made in research on the sequence stratigraphy of continental strata, formation mechanisms of ultra-deep clastic reservoirs, and hydrocarbon accumulation in the continental subtle reservoir. Regarding research on the marine petroleum geology of China, with respect to the major characteristics, such as deeply-buried reservoirs, old strata, and multiple phases of transformation, important advances have been made, in areas such as the multiple-elements of hydrocarbon supply, formation of reservoirs jointly controlled by deposition, tectonic activities, and diagenetic fluid-rock reactions, and oil/gas reservoirs formed through superimposed multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation. As more and more unconventional hydrocarbon resources are discovered, unconventional oil and gas reservoirs are under study by Chinese petroleum geologists, who endeavor to come up with new discoveries on their formation mechanisms.     

论塔里木盆地构造体系控油作用

塔里木盆地是多构造体系复合的大型含油气区,盆内二级构造体系控制生油拗陷和油气富集带三、四级扭动构造控制油气田。多构造体系复合型盆地油气藏特征是多含油气系统、多油气藏类型、多成藏期和油气田(藏)县4个并存等。      

柴达木盆地北缘断裂构造分形特征与油气分布关系研究

本文应用分形几何理论对柴达木盆地北缘断裂体系的分布进行了定量研究,在研究标定尺度范围内,该区断裂体系的平面分布具有良好的统计自相似性和分形特征,在双对数坐标系中,用最小二乘法进行直线拟合的相关系数平方(R²)均在0.97以上。该区4个已知油气田断裂构造的分维数D值均大于1.3,明显高于整个区域内4个反射层的断层分维数(平均D=1.218)。可以认为断裂构造的分维值大于1.3的部位是该区油气聚集分布的有利区。断裂体系分数维值越大的地区,有利于油气藏的分布,其单位面积内的油气地质储量越高。     

苏北盆地低阻油层的测井解释评价方法研究

针对苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜三段低阻油层，分析了其成因机理，阐述了低阻油层的测井响应特征，提出了使用神经网络和Sw—Φ交会图两种方法定性识别低阻油层。通过先进的斯伦贝谢的PetViewPlus测井解释软件，形成了针对苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜三段低阻油层的测井定量解释方法，并在测井油水层判别中引入束缚水饱和度方法，对低阻油层的认识和客观评价收到了良好的效果。     

Cyclicity and prospects of the Jurassic oil-and-gas complex on the Barents Sea shelf

The oil and gas potential of Jurassic deposits of the shelf zone of the Barents Sea is confirmed by the discovery of a series of fields, both in the Russian sector of the Barents Sea, and in the Norwegian one. Along with known large gas and gas-condensate fields, the first oil field was opened in the western Norwegian part in April 2011. Peculiarities of the stratigraphy of the Jurassic complex indicate that cyclicity occurred in the development of the basin. The results of the works that were carried out demonstrate that the search for oil and gas fields in sandy reservoirs, deposited at the periods of regression is promising. Regionally extended clayey beds, which were deposited during periods of transgression, are considered as a seal. New oil and gas fields can be found, not only in the anticline structures, but also in lithological traps.     

松辽盆地中部土壤碘的战略性油气勘查

近40年土壤碘的油气勘查表明,土壤碘是战术性油气勘查的一个辅助指标,但是土壤碘的战略性油气勘查意义却未见报道。应用松辽盆地中部8.15万km²的多目标地球化学勘查数据,在研究土壤碘的近地表影响因素的基础上,试验了表层土壤碘(1个点/4 km²)和深层土壤碘(1个点/16 km²)的地球化学异常对油气的指示意义,首次发现了与油气有关的土壤碘的巨环状地球化学异常。研究表明,土壤碘的地球化学异常主要与大中型油气田和富生油凹陷相联系,1个点/16 km²的土壤采样密度可以较好地进行战略性油气勘查。松嫩平原土壤碘的影响因素主要有地貌景观、土壤类型、土壤pH值、人为耕作和河流等因素。     

油气田在区域构造上的分布规律

本文通过对已知油气田和区域构造的对比分析,认为我国多数油气田在区域构造上具有明显地分布规律,并主要表现在四个方面,即：油气的富集与分布直接受深坳陷的控制,油气藏的分布与二级构造带关系密切,凹陷的陡带油气富集程度往往较高;断裂是控制油气富集与分布的重要因素。这是作者多年来研究高精度航磁成果与油气关系的一点粗浅认识,现归纳整理出来,以供油气勘探工作者今后勘查油气时参考。     

全球含硫化氢天然气的分布特征及其形成主控因素

含硫化氢天然气是天然气资源的重要组成部分,也是硫磺的重要来源之一,其全球资源量巨大,分布范围广泛。高含硫化氢天然气主要分布在北美洲、欧洲、前苏联、中东、亚洲等地区的大型油气田中。这些油气田的油气地球化学性质各不相同,硫化氢成因复杂,硫化氢含量变化较大,从0.1%～98%都有分布。通过对全球各大含硫化氢油气田进行系统的调查研究,发现含硫化氢的油气藏主要分布在三叠纪和石炭纪碳酸盐岩储层中,构造位置位于被动大陆边缘;碳酸盐岩储集体物性较好,盖层通常由膏盐与岩盐组成,膏盐的位置对硫化氢的产生影响很大;良好的盖层也是大量硫化氢气体得以聚集保存的重要条件。大量硫化氢的产生一般出现在温度等于或高于120℃的储集体中,并伴随有大量的二氧化碳产生。     

多旋回盆地叠合-复合控藏在常规非常规天然气勘探中的实践

四川盆地是我国典型的多旋回盆地,更是最重要的天然气基地,发现了大量的常规、致密砂岩、页岩气田。具有海相、海陆过渡相、陆相垂向叠加与平面分区明显、纵向多期构造运动叠加改造的特点,形成了全盆地、全层系含气。本文以普光气田、涪陵页岩气田和中江致密砂岩气为实例,阐述了叠合-复合控藏的概念,即叠合盆地油气成藏和富集的各种要素均受相互关联的多种因素的控制,不同要素间既有时间上的累加和空间上的叠置,也有横向上地质体因某种原因而结合在一起,比如构造与岩性体、构造与地层等。叠合控制油气的形成与演化,复合控制油气的富集与定位,进一步论述明确多旋回盆地叠合-复合控藏研究内容对油气勘探研究与实践具有重要的指导意义。通过对四川盆地典型大型气田实例剖析,表明四川盆地大型气田均是受多旋回盆地叠合-复合控藏的结果,即叠合控制油气的形成与演化,复合控制油气的富集与定位。本文系统分析总结四川盆地大型气田油气形成、成藏与富集规律,结合四川盆地勘探开发现状,针对四川盆地多旋特征提出油气勘探三个方面的重点研究内容:(1)构造古地理研究,厘清构造格局、储层、烃源和圈闭空间的叠合、复合关系以及对油气形成的控制作用;(2)区域地质构造演化研究,明确不同期次构造叠合关系以及对成油、成气、油气富集的控制作用;(3)构造分级与控藏研究,精细构造分级明确不同级次构造对气水关系、富集、储层改造控制作用。     

四川盆地麻柳场以北地区油气化探应用效果

四川盆地蜀南地区就是一个典型油气田老区,在麻柳场气田以北地区开展油气化探工作,通过对各地层中烃类和非烃指标的研究并取得了很好的效果,对该地区下一步油气勘探部署提供了有力的地球化学依据。     

Fractal and Multifractal Properties of Geochemical Fields

A fractal model, introduced by De Wijs to study the distribution, redistribution, or enrichment/depletion of element concentrations in a region, has become widely accepted. This paper uses it to simulate various geochemical fields for element concentration values. The frequency distribution and spatial pattern of the simulated values or concentrations are analyzed by the method of moments and the concentration–area (C–A) model. The spatial pattern of the original De Wijs model is shown to be intrinsically characterized by -shaped and symmetrical multifractal spectrum curves, whose center and width change systematically with the enrichment factors set in the simulation. The corresponding frequency distribution pattern on the log–log plot of frequency versus concentrations is called simple continuous multifractal (SCM) by the authors. In other experiments, when a De Wijs model is locally superimposed by another De Wijs model of different enrichment factors, the symmetry of the multifractal spectrum graph is broken and a different pattern of frequency distribution is found. It is referred to as highly accumulated continuous multifractals (HACM). Concentrations of 12 elements in 1448 rock samples from Shaoguan district, North Guangdong Province, South China, and 12 oil/gas indexes in surface soils from Sangtamu region, Tarim Basin, Northwest China, have been applied. The real geochemical fields, both metallic and oil/gas, are found to be remarkably compatible to those simulated patterns of De Wijs models with backgrounds of various enrichment and different degrees of superimposition, indicating that the frequency and spatial distribution patterns revealed by the authors are most possibly universal features of geochemical fields. It is particularly interesting to note that the major geochemical indicators of oil/gas geochemical fields are closer to the results of De Wijs models with a small enrichment factor, either with or without local superimposition, whereas those of the metallic geochemical field correspond more closely to De Wijs models with a background field of larger enrichment factors. The results obtained herein potentially have important implications in mineral and oil/gas resource assessment.