辽西医巫闾山变质核杂岩构造特征及其岩石组构的动力学分析

通过研究将辽西医巫闾山变质核杂岩构造要素划分为:变质核、拆离断层、中间过渡层、盖层和医巫闾山背形,并简述了其地质特征.采用X射线衍射法对医巫闾山花岗岩及周围不同时代岩石的不同层次变形构造开展了岩石组构特征研究,确定了韧-脆性构造变形时的力学性质和主应力方位,对变质核杂岩的形成演化进行了运动学和动力学分析.     

鲁迅与地质学

伟大的革命家、思想家和文学家鲁迅的一生,与自然科学(包括地质学)的关系是十分密切的.他从小就喜欢那些关于草木虫鱼的自然科学普及读物,从青年时代起就一直关注着我国自然科学事业的发展.鲁迅在弃医从文之后,虽然把主要精力倾注于文艺和其他思想战线,但在他战斗的一生中始终没有放弃自然科学这一阵地,自然科学一直是他运用自如的武器.因此,他也是一个热爱和熟悉自然科学的战士.地质学是他最早接触的自然科学之一.     

格尔木市地下水影响因素的分析

格尔木市位于柴达木盆地的南缘,气候干燥,降水量稀少,但地下水相对比较丰富.为了使本地区的地下水资源得到合理、有序的开发利用,为水利建设规划和抗旱、除涝、治碱提供设计依据;为地下水水源地建设和管理,为地下水资源评价、保护和合理利用提供依据.本次对格尔木地区地下水水位进行了变化趋势的分析,为井网规划和布设提供科学依据.     

辽西医巫闾山变质核杂岩构造特征及其对金矿的控制作用

本文将辽西医巫间山变质核杂岩构造要素划发为：①变质核；②拆离断层；③中间过渡层；④伸展／滑脱带；⑤盖层；⑥医巫闾山背形；并阐述了它们的地质特征及其控矿作用，着重指出沿变质核构造层中发育的NNE向韧－脆性剪切带是本区主要的控矿和导矿构造，而NNE向构造中的近EW向次级断裂带则为本区主要的容矿构造。现已探明的金矿体多沿这个方向展布。     

大荔医疗-饮用型矿泉水赋存机理研究

陕西省大荔县奥陶系碳酸盐岩中的岩溶水,经过全面的水质分析,确认为医、饮兼用型矿泉水。本文重点探讨了矿泉水的水质特征及矿泉水的赋存机调。     

龋病与铅矿

龋病是一种分布很广的疾病,其发病与甜食和甜饮料及不讲究口腔卫生有关,但亦与饮食中的磷酸盐、钙及痕量物质有很大关系.当饮水中氟离子的含量约1毫克/升时,此种饮用水便有防龋病的效益.在巴布亚-新几内亚,据确定,食物中磷、钛、锰、钼和钒对防龋病是有益的,而铅、铜、锌、铬和硒则是有害的.在英国,据调查,居住在富含钼地区的儿童,龋病较少. 近几年来,英国的地质学家对英格兰和威尔士等地区进行了调查.他们在农田和菜园中取土样,取样深度为10～15厘米;对作物如土豆、小萝卜中的痕量元素进行测试,以了解食物中铅等元素的状况.在取得地方行政及医     

国际矿床地质学会和国际矿床成因协会联合学术会议在伦敦举行

国际矿床地质学会（ＳＧＡ）和国际矿床成因协会（ＩＡＧＯＤ）联合学术会议于１９９９年８月２２～２５日在英国伦敦帝国科学、技术与医药学院举行。该会主办单位为帝国科学、技术与医药学院和自然历史博物馆。与会者来自英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、德国、法国、俄罗斯、中国、西班牙、捷克、芬兰等６０个国家和地区,共约５５０人参加。中国赴会者有裴荣富、宋学信、吕古贤、於崇文、张德会、肖建新、沈远超、徐贵忠、张宝林、蔡新平、徐兴旺、秦大军、应汉龙、王忠诚、熊小林和吴朝东１６人,在国外留学和工作的曾南石、易建斌、汤元…     

内蒙古武川县常福龙沟金矿成矿地质条件及控矿因素

常福龙沟金矿区赋存于大青山三套含金建造中的渣尔泰山群中.受控于大青山深大断裂及相关的次级北东、北西和近东西断裂.大青山断裂早期以韧性剪切带为特征,晚期演化为脆性断裂和推覆构造.大青山断裂及其次级断裂的交汇处为成矿提供了运输通道和容矿空间,矿体就产于该部位.岩浆活动为成矿提供了热能和部分成矿物质.笔者在本文中论述了该矿的成矿地质条件和控矿因素,并提出了矿区外围找矿标志和找矿方向.     

辽西医巫闾山地区晚侏罗世花岗岩脉中热液锆石的成因与定年

辽西医巫闾山变质核杂岩经历过两阶段演化,晚侏罗世发育了围绕核部医巫闾山岩体周缘展布的长环形韧性剪切带(称为医巫闾山剪切带),早白垩世西侧叠加了北北东走向瓦子峪伸展韧性剪切带.在医巫间山剪切带及其变形下盘中侵入了大量的晚侏罗世花岗岩脉,其所含的锆石包括古老继承锆石、新生岩浆锆石、热液锆石等多种类型.根据锆石阴极发光图像、...     

断裂活动对金矿形成的作用机理

文章从断裂活动和热液流体迁移的热动力学角度阐述了金矿热液形成、迁移和富集沉淀的物理化学机理,得出了断裂活动不仅为金矿形成提供了储矿空间,更主要的是为金矿热液形成提供了活化热能和大量流体,为其迁移提供了动能,为其沉淀富集提供了有利的、多期多阶段的物理化学条件.     

近4万年渤海西岸海侵时古海面的现代标高对比研究*

近4万年以来,相应于两次高太阳辐射暖湿期渤海西岸曾经两次海水泛陆事件,即40~28kaB.P.与10~4kaB.P.海侵事件。文章基于众多钻孔海相层中有孔虫、介形类等海相微体生物化石的组合特征恢复海水深度,重建了海侵最大时的古海面的现代标高。结果显示: 40~28kaB.P.海侵,海面的现代标高最高可达-11~-5m;10~4kaB.P.海侵则为2~3m。后者同众多研究所认为的中全新世存在高海面,海面高度为2~3m的结论大致吻合,前者则与全球气候尚处在间冰阶,冰川部分消融,世界洋面处在-50m的大背景不协调。而辽东与山东半岛沿海众多钻孔揭示,40~28kaB.P.渤海地区并没有高于-50~-20m海面存在的证据。通过区域环境的综合分析,认为40~28kaB.P.渤海西岸的海侵,是早玉木冰期持续4~5万年之久的冰期低海面环境,这种特殊的环境使现代渤海西岸的大部分区域远离沉积环境,成为冲刷侵蚀区,这种效应叠加在冰期边缘海式构造下沉与弧后盆地性质的构造下沉背景之上造成区域性异常地面低洼;渤海西岸异常地面低洼在间冰阶全球趋暖,冰川型海侵的过程中形成的区域性强烈"视"海侵(指示当时海侵时海水深度很大,而不是海水的陆泛范围大)。     

内蒙古东部大陆冰川地貌卫星图像解译

在赤峰境内发现大量冰臼和冰臼群后,利用遥感图像对大兴安岭及其两侧的冰蚀、冰碛地貌类型进行解译发现:它们中的绝大多数原本在巨型冰川漂砾、羊背石或基岩鼓丘上。它们是蒙古大冰盖之一部分在沿东南方向越过大兴安岭时其南端受到黄岗梁、七老图山、大马群山的分流、阻隔、旋转的必然结果。      

Holocene evolution of an estuary on a tectonically rising coast: the Pakarae River locality, eastern North Island, New Zealand

Estuarine and beach deposits in the vicinity of the present coastline at Pakarae River record the infilling of an estuary and subsequent development of a sequence of seven marine terraces during Holocene time.

At the maximum of the last glaciation about 18,000 years ago the shoreline at the ancestral Pakarae River was approximately 20 km east of the present shoreline. By about 9000 years BP the sea had transgressed across most of that coastal plain to lie within a few hundred metres of the base of the present coastal hills. Seventeen radiocarbon ages from estuarine deposits record the overall rise in post-glacial sea level, but in the period c. 9500-7000 yrs BP there are reversals to the overall rising trend. Between 9500 and 8500 yrs BP there appears to have been a eustatic fall in sea level of at least 4 m. This observation is supported by data from several other localities around New Zealand. Maximum transgression occurred about 6500–7000 yrs BP when the sea reached the base of hillslopes and an extensive estuary existed behind a barrier bar.

Since that time the barrier bar disappeared, probably due to stranding in an uplift event, and the coastline advanced progressively outward toward its present position. Coastal progradation (sea level regression) and subsequent erosion have occurred in association with episodic large earthquakes at about 6700, 5400, 3910, 2450, 1570, 1000 and 600 yrs BP. The present distribution of terraces has been influenced by coastal erosion, which has removed all trace of some terraces from some areas, and river erosion has modified the marine terraces near the river.     

Late Quaternary landscape development along the Rancho Marino coastal range front (south‐central Pacific Coast Ranges,California, USA)

Late Quaternary landscape development along the Rancho Marino coastal range front in the central‐southern Pacific Coast Ranges of California has been documented using field mapping, surveying, sedimentary facies analysis and a luminescence age determination. Late Quaternary sediments along the base of the range front form a single composite marine terrace buried by alluvial fans. Marine terrace sediments overlie two palaeoshore platforms at 5 m and 0 m altitude. Correlation with the nearby Cayucos and San Simeon sites links platform and marine terrace development to the 125 ka and 105 ka sea‐level highstands. Uplift rate estimates based on the 125 ka shoreline angle are 0.01–0.09 m ka^?1 (mean 0.04 m ka^?1), and suggest an increase in regional uplift along the coast towards the NW where the San Simeon fault zone intersects the coastline. Furthermore, such low rates suggest that pre‐125 ka uplift was responsible for most of the relief generation at Rancho Marino. The coastal range front landscape development is, thus, primarily controlled by post 125 ka climatic and sea‐level changes. Post 125 ka sea‐level lowering expanded the range front piedmont area to a width of 7.5 km by the 18 ka Last Glacial Maximum lowstand. This sea‐level lowering created space for alluvial fan building along the range front. A 45 ± 3 ka optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) age provides a basal age for alluvial fan building or marks the time by which distal alluvial fan sedimentation has reached 300 m from the range front slope. Fan sedimentation is related to climatic change, with increased sediment supply to the range front occurring during (1) glacial period cold stage maxima and/or (2) the Late Pleistocene–Holocene transition, when respective increases in precipitation and/or storminess resulted in hillslope erosion. Sea‐level rise after the 18 ka lowstand resulted in range front erosion, with elevated localised erosion linked to the higher relief and steeper slopes in the SE. This study demonstrates that late Quaternary coastal range front landscape development is driven by interplay of tectonics, climatic and sea‐level change. In areas of low tectonic activity, climatic and sea‐level changes dominate coastal landscape development. When the sea‐level controlled shoreline is in close proximity to the coastal range front, localised patterns of sedimentation and erosion are passively influenced by the pre‐125 ka topography. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

辽宁省海岸带主要河口区一万年来沉积速率及海平面波动情况

采用钻探手段,通过14C、OSL测年,利用4孔岩心,计算了辽宁省海岸带主要河口区一万年来沉积速率,并分析了海平面波动情况.研究表明,辽宁海岸带长期平均的河口海岸区的沉积速率较低.其中,辽东半岛东北部黄海海岸带鸭绿江平原全新世早期处于剥蚀环境,大洋河平原全新世平均沉积速率为1.4 mm/a,辽东湾北部下辽河平原全新世平均沉积速率为1.52 mm/a,辽西海岸带大凌河冲积扇全新世平均沉积速率为1.87mm/a.全新世Ⅰ海相层或海陆过渡相层总体上表现为一次海侵,与下辽河平原区盘山海侵相对应,但各地段海平面波动情况不尽一致.     

Tracking the isostatic and eustatic signals in an end Ordovician–early Silurian deglacial sedimentary record (Algeria – Libya border)

To elucidate the signature of isostatic and eustatic signals during a deglaciation period in pre‐Pleistocene times is made difficult because very little dating can be done, and also because glacial erosion surfaces, subaerial unconformities and subsequent regressive or transgressive marine ravinement surfaces tend to amalgamate or erode the deglacial deposits. How and in what way can the rebound be interpreted from the stratigraphic record? This study proposes to examine deglacial deposits from Late‐Ordovician to Silurian outcrops at the Algeria–Libya border, in order to define the glacio–isostatic rebound and relative sea‐level changes during a deglaciation period. The studied succession developed at the edge and over a positive palaeo‐relief inherited from a prograding proglacial delta that forms a depocentre of glaciogenic deposits. The succession is divided into five subzones, which depend on the topography of this depocentre. Six facies associations were determined: restricted marine (Facies Association 1); tidal channels (Facies Association 2); tidal sand dunes (Facies Association 3); foreshore to upper shoreface (Facies Association 4); lower shoreface (Facies Association 5); and offshore shales (Facies Association 6). Stratigraphic correlations over the subzones support the understanding of the depositional chronology and associated sea‐level changes. Deepest marine domains record a forced regression of 40 m of sea‐level fall resulting from an uplift caused by a glacio‐isostatic rebound that outpaces the early transgression. The rebound is interpreted to result in a multi‐type surface, which is interpreted as a regressive surface of marine erosion in initially marine domains and as a subaerial unconformity surface in an initially subaerial domain. The transgressive deposits have developed above this surface, during the progressive flooding of the palaeo‐relief. Sedimentology and high‐resolution sequence stratigraphy allowed the delineation of a deglacial sequence and associated sea‐level changes curve for the studied succession. Estimates suggest a relatively short (<10 kyr) duration for the glacio‐isostatic uplift and a subsequent longer duration transgression (4 to 5 Myr).     

新疆斑岩铜矿成矿特征与综合找矿方法

斑岩铜矿是世界铜矿的主要类型之一.以新疆东天山土屋铜矿、阿尔泰山哈腊苏铜矿、西准噶尔包古图铜矿、西天山松树沟铜矿4个典型斑岩铜矿为对象,研究其矿床发现过程、成矿地质特征、地球物理特征、地球化学特征,探讨不同方法在矿床发现和评价阶段的作用,指出了斑岩铜矿典型地球化学元素组合和激发极化法在找矿评价中的作用.在此基础上提出了斑岩铜矿不同阶段找矿和评价方法组合.     

辽东半岛大孤山一带沟谷埋藏泥炭的硅藻组合以及 古环境和全新世最高海平面*

在辽东半岛东部的大孤山一带,面向海岸平原的沟谷埋藏泥炭十分发育。通过对11个沟谷进行钻孔调查,确认了在被切割的丘陵台地的沟谷中,埋藏泥炭广泛地发育在海拔\{2~\}10余米的不同高度; 并对钻孔样品做硅藻分析,明确了基底海拔高度在\{4~\}2m的泥炭层之下的沉积物为海生种硅藻占优势的海相层,因而取得了海水广泛侵入大洋河平原并直达沟谷深处的微体古生物方面的证据。进一步对3个代表性的小沟谷平原从沟头到沟口连续钻孔取样以及地质剖面分析,研究沟谷埋藏泥炭在横向上的分布特征表明:沟谷埋藏泥炭是全新世高海面期以后,随着海水的退却而形成的沼泽和湖沼等环境下的溺谷型泥炭; 位于沟谷中沟头位置的海拔4m左右的泥炭底部的标高,大致代表了该区全新世最高海面期海水(平均高潮线)曾达到的位置和高度,其泥炭在沟头开始形成的时期大致代表该区全新世最高海平面期; 研究区约\{6000~\}5500年前达到全新世最高海面,当时海面高度比现在约高出1.7m。     

The Middle–Late Jurassic forced regression and disconformity in central Portugal: eustatic, tectonic and climatic effects on a carbonate ramp system

Abstract Successions across the Middle–Upper Jurassic disconformity in the Lusitanian Basin (west‐central Portugal) are highly varied, and were probably developed on a large westward‐inclined hangingwall of a half‐graben. The disconformity is preceded by a complex forced regression showing marked variations down the ramp, and provides an example of the effects of rapid, relative sea‐level falls on carbonate ramp systems. In the east, Middle Jurassic inner ramp carbonates (‘Candeeiros’ facies) are capped by a palaeokarstic surface veneered by ferruginous clays or thick calcretes. In the west, mid‐outer ramp marls and limestones (‘Brenha’ facies) are terminated by two contrasting successions: (1) a sharp‐based carbonate sandbody capped by a minor erosion surface, overlain by interbedded marine–lagoonal–deltaic deposits with further minor erosion/exposure surfaces; (2) a brachiopod‐rich limestone with a minor irregular surface, overlain by marls, lignitic marls with marine and reworked non‐marine fossils and charophytic limestones, with further minor irregular surfaces and capped by a higher relief ferruginous erosional surface. The age ranges from Late Bathonian in the east to Late Callovian in the west. This disconformity assemblage is succeeded by widespread lacustrine–lagoonal limestones with microbial laminites and evaporites (‘Cabaços’ facies), attributed to the Middle Oxfordian. Over the whole basin, increasingly marine facies were deposited afterwards. In Middle Jurassic inner‐ramp zones in the east, the overall regression is marked by a major exposure surface overlain by continental sediments. In Middle Jurassic outer‐ramp zones to the west, the regression is represented initially by open‐marine successions followed by either a sharp marine erosion surface overlain by a complex sandbody or minor discontinuities and marginal‐marine deposits, in both cases capped by the major lowstand surface. Reflooding led to a complex pattern of depositional conditions throughout the basin, from freshwater and brackish lagoonal to marginal‐ and shallow‐marine settings. Additional complications were produced by possible tilting of the hangingwall of the half‐graben, the input of siliciclastics from westerly sources and climate change from humid to more seasonally semi‐arid conditions. The Middle–Late Jurassic sea‐level fall in the Lusitanian Basin is also recorded elsewhere within the Iberian and other peri‐Atlantic regions and matches a transgressive to regressive change in eustatic sea‐level curves, indicating that it is related in part to a global event.     

河南省铝土矿床成因探讨

从成矿物质来源入手探讨河南省铝土矿成因，认为河南省铝土矿是在碳酸盐岩遭受长期强烈化学风化剥蚀而形成大量富铝、铁物质古风化壳的基础上，由于海侵作用，并接受陆源物质的汇入，而在海湖盆地中逐渐沉积形成的。