上海地源热泵系统对地质环境的热影响分析

根据地源热泵工程试验场两年监测数据,分析了地下换热区地温场分布特征以及地源热泵系统短期运行对地质环境的热影响效应。换热区地温场分布主要受气温、建筑冷热负荷、原始地温、岩土导热系数、与换热孔距离等因素影响。在吸排热比基本平衡的条件下,地源热泵系统对地质环境的热影响较小。选择合理的埋管间距,充分利用地源热泵的热回收功能,采用冷却塔—地埋管、地表水—地埋管等复合系统,有助于消除吸排热比不平衡现象。     

岩土体综合导热系数影响因素研究

为缓解中国能源消耗与经济发展的矛盾,高效调整国家能源结构,开发利用绿色的地热能已是大势所趋。通过室内测试法和现场热响应试验,研究了不同岩土体的导热系数特征值及其影响因素。研究结果表明: 岩土体导热系数与天然含水率和孔隙率呈负相关,与天然重度和干燥重度呈正相关; 导热系数受干燥重度和孔隙率影响程度较大,受天然含水率和天然重度影响程度较小。通过比较不同加热功率和单、双U地埋管换热器的现场热响应试验测定的各类岩土体导热系数的差异可知,大功率(6 000 W)情况下岩土体综合导热系数比小功率(4 000 W)时大10%~30%; 在相同功率条件下,同一场地内双U地埋管换热器导热系数比单U地埋管大30%左右,使用双U地埋管换热器可有效减少成孔深度及个数。通过系统分析岩土体导热系数的影响因素,为地热能的勘查评价提供数据和理论支持,旨在促进区域地热能开发利用,为构建环境友好型社会服务。     

胶东半岛不同构造单元深部热流分流聚热模式

中生代、新生代时期地壳剧烈运动将胶东半岛划分为胶北隆起、胶莱凹陷、胶南-威海隆起三大构造单元,其中隆起山地区广泛分布花岗岩、变质岩,凹陷盆地区主要分布砂岩沉积地层,胶北隆起区与威海隆起区相对于胶莱凹陷盆地区具有更高的大地热流值.为系统分析胶东半岛大地热流值分布特征及其形成机理,本文在分析胶东半岛构造-热发展史、地热地质...     

沈阳市典型岩土体组合热响应试验及结果分析

岩土热物性参数是地层热响应特征的直接表征,也是地埋管地源热泵系统设计主要影响因素.热响应试验是获取岩土热物性参数的重要手段之一.针对沈阳市不同地貌单元,选择3种典型岩土体组合地段开展5组热响应试验,综合研究分析了沈阳市典型岩土体组合的综合热响应特征,包括地层初始温度、地层综合导热系数及地层的地温恢复时间,提出了沈阳市西部地区可优先发展地埋管地源热泵系统.这些结果将为沈阳市地埋管地源热泵系统的规划部署及工程的开发利用提供借鉴.     

松辽盆地坳陷层控地热系统研究

松辽盆地是在印支运动末期至燕山运动早期形成的大型沉积盆地,其不仅蕴藏丰富的油气资源,也是我国主要的地热资源潜力区。本文以大陆科学钻探松科二井为基础通过建立盆地热导率、生热率、孔隙度等物性柱,分析了盆地深部地温场特征,最后给出了松辽盆地坳陷层控型地热系统的形成机制。松辽盆地物性具有明显的垂向分层特征,按照垂向变化可分为4段,分别为盖层段、储层段、稳态热传导段和基底段。热导率随岩性、沉积时代的不同存在较大的差异,总体上随深度的变大逐渐增大,储层段表现出热导率的快速增长,而基底段则热导率差异性大;生热率在白垩系沉积层总体偏低,表现出“冷壳热幔”的热结构;孔隙度表现为从1800 m到2700 m的储层段快速下降趋势,地层储水能力逐渐变弱。松辽盆地地热系统具有坳陷层控的特点,中、晚侏罗世莫霍面隆起形成的热隆张导致了后期浅部的断陷-坳陷双重结构。在坳陷沉积阶段沉积了河湖相为主的砂、泥岩地层,后期随着地下水的循环补给及聚热作用,在白垩系姚家组、青山口组、泉头组中形成了以砂岩为主且空间上由盆地边缘向盆地中心逐渐变薄的层控型地热系统。寻找高渗透热储层是松辽盆地地热探测的关键,本研究可以为盆地深部找热提供...     

基于叠加法的陕西省典型地貌单元岩土导热系数分析

近年来,浅层地热能受到广泛关注,但由于在开发利用过程中对地层导热性能分析不足,现有开发利用项目失败率较高。为解决这一问题,对陕西省不同地貌单元已开展的46组热响应试验结果进行整理,以线热源模型为基础,采用叠加法对陕西省典型地貌单元的导热系数进行了分析统计。结果表明: 山间盆地、沙漠高原和断陷盆地3种地貌单元的导热能力依次减小; 在同一地貌单元中,第四系黄土覆盖层越厚,钻孔的导热能力越差; 黄土塬地区导热系数大小差距较大,可进一步深入研究该地貌单元内导热系数的影响因素。通过对不同地貌单元岩土导热系数分布特征的研究,提出了各地区浅层地热能开发利用的相关建议,从而为进一步高效、高质开发浅层地热能提供思路和技术支持。     

关中盆地浅层地热能赋存规律及资源量估算

通过野外地质调查及室内综合研究,分析了关中盆地浅层地热能的开发利用情况、赋存特征和形成模式,并对资源量进行了估算,总结了盆地不同地貌单元、不同岩性的岩土体热物性参数特征,计算了区域恒温带深度和浅层大地热流值。关中盆地地热能的形成模式主要为热传导型和热对流型: 热传导型地热资源主要分布于西安凹陷、固市凹陷等完整地质块体内; 热对流型地热资源主要分布于深大断裂直接沟通地表的区域以及断裂带周边区域。采用层次分析法对关中盆地浅层地热能进行适宜性分区,认为关中盆地整体属于地埋管地源热泵系统适宜区或较适宜区,地下水地源热泵系统适宜区和较适宜区主要分布在盆地中部漫滩区和阶地区。利用热储法,计算关中盆地浅层地热能热容量为1.38×10¹⁶ kJ/℃,浅层地热能储量巨大,开发利用前景优良。     

柴达木盆地地温场分布特征及控制因素

含油气盆地的地温场在油气的生成、运聚及盆地演化过程中起着十分重要的作用。柴达木盆地是中国西部重要的含油气盆地,位于喜马拉雅构造域的东北部,盆地现今地温场特征研究不仅为柴达木盆地及周缘陆内或板内大陆动力学及盆地动力学研究提供了科学依据,同时也是油气成烃、成藏及资源评价等工作的研究基础。柴达木盆地现今地温场研究的前期工作主要集中在盆地西部,盆地的北缘、东部开展的工作很少,所用研究数据多取自20世纪之前,盆地现今地温场特征的系统研究尚比较缺乏,亟须开展相关研究工作。文中采用先进的钻孔温度连续采集系统,实现了深井稳态测温工作的大规模化、高精度化,使用光学扫描法测试岩石热导率,获得了批量的、高精度的岩石热导率数据,新增了17口钻井的测温剖面。研究表明：柴达木盆地现今地温梯度平均为(28.6±4.6) ℃/km,地温梯度分布具有西部高,中、东部低的特点。柴达木盆地现今大地热流值平均(55.1±7.9) mW/m2,盆地不同构造单元大地热流分布存在差异。大地热流分布特征表明：柴达木盆地总体属于温盆,热流值低于我国大陆地区大地热流平均值,但高于西部的塔里木、准噶尔盆地。柴达木盆地现今地温场分布特征受地壳深部结构、岩石热导率性质及盆地构造等因素的控制。     

关中盆地地温场划分及其地质影响因素

具有无污染、可再生、分布广、储量大以及可就近利用等诸多优势的地热能是一种洁净能源,应用前景广阔。地热能的开发利用与区域地温场划分紧密相关,关于关中盆地整体地温场划分的研究鲜有报道。根据关中盆地的工程地质、水文地质、环境地质条件等因素,总结了岩体类和砂土类的热物性质特征。通过灰色关联分析方法,分析了岩土体热物性参数的影响因素,认为干燥重度对导热系数的影响程度最大,含水率、天然重度、孔隙率三者影响程度相近;干燥重度对比热容影响程度最大,天然重度次之,含水率和孔隙率影响最弱。利用盆地内多个地温常观孔,绘制了地温变化曲线和地温梯度等值线,认为关中盆地常温带位于15~20 m埋深处,地温梯度总体呈中部高、东西低,固市凹陷、西安凹陷、蒲城凸起、断裂及断裂汇合区域地温梯度较大,宝鸡凸起、咸礼凸起以及临蓝凸起地温梯度较小,产生差异的原因包括地质构造、地下水活动、岩土体热物性参数等三方面。利用热物性参数和地温梯度值,计算了盆地内浅层和深层的大地热流值,并分析了两者差异的成因,经对比全国区域地热资料,认为关中盆地是一个复杂的坳陷型中低温地热田,地热资源潜力巨大,居全国上游。该文旨在系统地分析关中盆地地温场特征,为地热能的勘查评价提供基础数据支持,促进关中盆地地热开发利用,为构建环境友好型社会服务。     

广东东莞盆地地热地质条件及勘探前景

为探讨广东中新生代盆地隐伏地热资源的勘探开发前景,在充分搜集大量资料的基础上,根据沉积盆地地热资源形成的原理,结合东莞盆地地热地质条件,对东莞盆地地热的热源、储层、盖层、热水通道条件进行分析研究。结果表明,东莞盆地具备较好的成热条件,具有形成热传导型中低温地热系统的地热地质条件,在断裂破碎带尤其是断裂交汇地段是沉积盆地最有利的成热部位,勘探开发前景良好。     

西宁盆地热储构造概念模型的建立

基于西宁盆地地热地质条件的研究,在Donaldson管状模型的基础上,提出的西宁盆地热储构造概念模型是大地热流为热源一低热导率岩层聚热-深循环逐渐加热受迫对流为机制-构造控水控热。进而揭示出,尽管西宁盆地地热异常分布范围较广,但也并非“遍地有热”。在生产实践中,关键是要较为准确地确定地热井的最佳构造部位和找到高渗透率的热储。     

潍坊市浅层地热能利用的岩土原位热传导试验

鉴于地下岩土的复杂性和多样性,在确定地下岩土热物性参数时宜尽量采用现场测试的方法.现场原位热传导试验是实施地源热泵工程的关键环节,是合理开发浅层地热能的基础.本文介绍了现场原位热传导试验的原理和方法,并以潍坊城区的实际工程为例,获得了当地土壤原始温度、导热系数及地下换热量参考值,可为设计人员结合建筑结构、空调负荷特点等优化她源热泵工程提供基础数据.     

Present Geothermal Fields of the Dongpu Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin

The Dongpu sag is located in the south of the Bohai Bay basin, China, and has abundant oil and gas reserves. To date, there has been no systematic documentation of its geothermal fields. This study measured the rock thermal conductivity of 324 cores from 47 wells, and calculated rock thermal conductivity for different formations. The geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flow were calculated for 192 wells on basis of 892 formation-testing data from 523 wells. The results show that the Dongpu sag is characterized by a medium-temperature geothermal field between stable and active tectonic areas, with an average geothermal gradient of 32.0°C/km and terrestrial heat flow of 65.6 mW/m2. The geothermal fields in the Dongpu sag is significantly controlled by the Changyuan, Yellow River, and Lanliao basement faults. They developed in the Paleogene and the Dongying movement occurred at the Dongying Formation depositional period. The geothermal fields distribution has a similar characteristic to the tectonic framework of the Dongpu sag, namely two subsags, one uplift, one steep slope and one gentle slope. The oil and gas distribution is closely associated with the present geothermal fields. The work may provide constraints for reconstructing the thermal history and modeling source rock maturation evolution in the Dongpu sag.     

长春市区浅层地温能开发利用方式适宜性分区评价

浅层地温能开发利用方式适宜性分区受地质条件、水文地质条件、岩石的导热性等因素控制。 依据长春市地层岩性特征、含水层分布及富水性和岩石导热性,将长春市区划分为3个地层结构区:贾家洼子－八里铺－兴隆沟基岩裂隙含水带以西区（1区）,贾家洼子－八里铺－兴隆沟基岩裂隙含水带及其以东到伊通河西岸阶地陡坎区（2区）和伊通河谷地区（3区）。各区的综合导热系数实测值分别是1.168、1.401和1.612。对影响适宜性分区的相关因素进行分析,建立了地源热泵和地下水源热泵适宜区的评价指标体系,并提出了适宜区、较适宜区和不适宜区的划分标准。采用模糊综合评判法对3个地层结构区进行了适宜性评价。评价结果是1区适宜采用地源热泵开采浅层地热资源,2区和3区均适宜采用地下水源热泵开采浅层地热资源。     

Measurement and Analysis of Thermal Conductivity of Rocks in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China

: As a parameter that describes heat transmission properties of rocks, thermal conductivity is indispensable for studying the thermal regime of sedimentary basins, and retrieving high-quality data of thermal conductivity is the basis for geothermal related studies. The optical scanning method is used here to measure the thermal conductivity of 745 drill-core samples from the Tarim basin, the largest intermontane basin with abundant hydrocarbon potential in China, and water saturation correction is made for clastic rock samples that are of variable porosity. All the measured values, combined with previously published data in this area, are integrated to discuss the distribution characteristics and major controlling factors that affect the thermal conductivity of rocks in the basin. Our results show that the values of thermal conductivity of rocks generally range from 1.500 to 3.000 W/m·K with a mean of 2.304 W/m·K. Thermal conductivity differs considerably between lithological types: the value of a coal sample is found to be the lowest as being only 0.249 W/m·K, while the values for salt rock samples are the highest with a mean of 4.620 W/m·K. Additionally, it is also found that the thermal conductivity of the same or similar lithologic types shows considerable differences, suggesting that thermal conductivity cannot be used for distinguishing the rock types. The thermal conductivity values of mudstone and sandstone generally increase with increasing burial depth and geological age of the formation, reflecting the effect of porosity of rocks on thermal conductivity. In general, the mineral composition, fabric and porosity of rocks are the main factors that affect the thermal conductivity. The research also reveals that the obvious contrast in thermal conductivity of coal and salt rock with other common sedimentary rocks can induce subsurface temperature anomalies in the overlying and underlying formations, which can modify the thermal evolution and maturity of the source rocks concerned. This finding is very important for oil and gas resources assessment and exploration and needs further study in detail. The results reported here are representative of the latest and most complete dataset of thermal conductivity of rocks in the Tarim basin, and will provide a solid foundation for geothermal studies in future.     

The geothermal formation mechanism in the Gonghe Basin: Discussion and analysis from the geological background

The Gonghe Basin, a Cenozoic down-warped basin, is located in the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau, and spread over important nodes of the transfer of multiple blocks in the central orogenic belt in the NWW direction. It is also called “Qin Kun Fork” and “Gonghe Gap”. The basin has a high heat flow value and obvious thermal anomaly. The geothermal resources are mainly hot dry rock and underground hot water. In recent years, the mechanism of geothermal formation within the basin has been controversial. On the basis of understanding the knowledge of predecessors, this paper proposes the geothermal formation mechanism of the “heat source–heat transfer–heat reservoir and caprock–thermal system” of the Gonghe Basin from the perspective of a geological background through data integration-integrated research-expert, discussion-graph, compilation-field verification and other processes: (1) Heat source: geophysical exploration and radioisotope calculations show that the heat source of heat in the basin has both the contribution of mantle and the participation of the earth’s crust, but mainly the contribution of the deep mantle. (2) Heat transfer: The petrological properties of the basin and the exposed structure position of the surface hot springs show that one transfer mode is the material of the mantle source upwells and invades from the bottom, directly injecting heat; the other is that the deep fault conducts the deep heat of the basin to the middle and lower parts of the earth’s crust, then the secondary fracture transfers the heat to the shallow part. (3) Heat reservoir and caprock: First, the convective strip-shaped heat reservoir exposed by the hot springs on the peripheral fault zone of the basin; second, the underlying hot dry rock layered heat reservoir and the upper new generation heat reservoir and caprock in the basin revealed by drilling data. (4) Thermal system: Based on the characteristics of the “heat source-heat transfer-heat reservoir and caprock”, it is preliminarily believed that the Gonghe Basin belongs to the non-magmatic heat source hydrothermal geothermal system (type II2₁) and the dry heat geothermal system (type II2₂). Its favorable structural position and special geological evolutionary history have given birth to a unique environment for the formation of the geothermal system. There may be a cumulative effect of heat accumulation in the eastern part of the basin, which is expected to become a favorable exploration area for hot dry rocks.     

基于能量桩现场试验的土体综合热导率系数研究

能量桩技术兼具支撑上部荷载和浅层地热能换热器双重功能;作为一种节能减排技术,近年来在国内外获得了一定的发展。然而,目前简单套用基于传统地埋管换热器获得的土体综合热导率系数,无法准确计算能量桩换热效率。依托河南理工大学某低承台3×3能量桩群桩工程应用,开展基于能量桩的土体综合热导率系数测试现场试验和数值模拟研究,分析加热时长、加热功率、流速及桩长等因素对土体综合热导率系数的影响规律,继而探讨能量桩在群桩中的布置形式对土体综合热导率系数的影响规律。研究结果表明,基于传统地源热泵测试所发展起来的土体综合热导率系数线热源分析方法,并不适用于分析基于能量桩现场实测所获得的相关数据;有必要推导一套考虑桩径影响的、适用于能量桩的土体综合热导率系数测试与计算分析方法。     

寺家庄井田地温负异常及其主控因素

地温场是采矿活动的重要地质条件之一。基于332井次钻孔测温数据、地层岩性及其组合特征、构造地质及水文地质条件等,探讨了寺家庄井田地温负异常及其主控因素。结果表明:寺家庄井田现代地温场受地层及热导率、地下水和开放型构造等三大地质因素控制。地层砂岩所占比例较高,其导热性强、热传导快,不易造成局部聚热,是井田地温值整体偏低的主要控制因素,区域地下水的强径流状态是现代地温整体偏低的宏观控制因素;地下水径流状态对围岩温度起到"制冷"和诱发构造通道散失双重控制作用,是研究区地温负异常和地温场分异的重要控制因素,开放型张性较大正断层、陷落柱不但为地温的散失提供了有利通道,亦为邻近含水层间地下水循环、径流对围岩温度的"制冷"提供了有利条件,是井田地温负异常和地温场分异的关键控制因素。      

双U型地埋管换热器换热性能试验研究

双U型地埋管换热器(DUBTHE)在实际应用中易出现管路交叉,引起热短路,造成换热性能降低,直接影响浅层地源热泵系统的运行效率。以西安某浅层地源热泵项目为工程背景,基于无限长线热源理论和斜率法,通过现场岩土热响应试验、不同测温法测温试验,研究了岩土初始平均温度、导热系数和体积热容,及管卡间距对DUBTHE换热性能的影响。结果表明：多点式测温线缆测得的岩土初始平均温度为17.08℃,更接近实际地层温度。该地层的岩土综合导热系数和综合体积热容分别为1.65 W/(m·K)、2.81×10⁶ J/(m³·K)。DN25 DUBTHE的夏、冬季单位延米换热量随着管卡间距减小而增加,且增速随管卡间距的减小先增大后减小。当管卡间距分别为1、2、3、4 m时,DN25 DUBTHE的夏季单位延米换热量较无管卡分别提高了21.03%、19.48%、15.16%、3.92%;DN25 DUBTHE的冬季单位延米换热量较无管卡分别提高了20.83%、19.48%、14.94%、3.79%。工程中最优的管卡布置方式为2 m或3 m管卡间距的DN25 DUBTHE。...     

Present Terrestrial Heat Flow Measurements of the Geothermal Fields in the Chagan Sag of the YingenEjinaqi Basin,Inner Mongolia,China

Owing to the lack o f terrestrial heat flow data, studying lithospheric thermal structure and geodynamics of the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin in Inner Mongolia is limited. In this paper, the terrestrial heat flow o f the Chagan sag in the YingenEjinaqi Basin were calculated by 193 system steady-state temperature measurements of 4 wells, and newly measuring 62 rock thermal conductivity and 20 heat production rate data on basis o f the original 107 rock thermal conductivity and 70 heat production data. The results show that the average thermal conductivity and heat production rate are 2.11 ±0.28 W/(m.K) and2.42±0.25 nW/m~3 in the Lower Cretaceous o f the Chagan sag. The average geothermal gradient from the Lower Suhongtu 2 Formation to the Suhongtu 1 Fonnation is 37.6 °C/km, and that o f the Bayingebi 2 Formation is 27.4 °C/km. Meanwhile, the average terrestrial heat flow in the Chagan sag is 70.6 mW/m~2. On the above results, it is clear that there is an obvious negative correlation between the thermal conductivity o f the stratum and its geothermal gradient. Moreover, it reveals that there is a geothermal state between tectonically stable and active areas. This work may provide geothermal parameters for further research o f lithospheric thermal structure and geodynamics in the Chagan sag.