西宁市光明小区浅震成果

隐蔽层是初至波方法不能探测到的速度层,它影响着初至波法的解释精度,本文讨论了隐蔽层存在的条件,并提出利用续至波探测隐蔽层的思路     

利用浅层反射地震资料中的面波与初至波研究剖面浅部结构

利用浅层反射地震数据的面波与初至波信息,采用多道面波分析法(MASW)得到浅部横波速度结构,再利用初至波走时层析成像得到纵波速度结构,进而得到纵横波速度比与泊松比数据。结合反射波叠加剖面与跨断层钻孔联合剖面对浅部地层进行综合解释,在一定程度上弥补了浅部反射资料的缺失,对确定浅部断层的位置及性质起到非常重要的作用。     

VSP资料中震源子波的分析和处理

讨论了ＶＳＰ震源子波在波形、初至时间和能量等三个方面存在的非一致性问题,并给出了在资料处理中的校正方法。     

对比折射波法在煤田普查中的应用

本文从介绍折射波法的原理入手,说明对比折射波法的特点和对比解释。并举例说明对比折射波法的应用效果。同时还论证了“地层下落“这一特殊现象。初至折射波法在煤田普查中应用普遍,然而在多层介质或煤系埋藏较深时以采用对比折射波法更为有利。     

YE地区低信噪比复杂地表资料的静校正处理技术

当地震资料既存在严重静校正问题,信噪比又极低时,严重的静校正问题会制约提高信噪比技术的效果,同时低信噪比问题又会严重导致静校正问题得不到很好解决,两者形成一种耦合关系,严重影响资料的成像效果。以解决复杂地表条件下低信噪比资料的静校正问题为出发点,讨论了折射层析静校正和初至波层析静校正适用性,提出了层析静校正融合技术;分析了生产中常用模型迭代剩余静校正和非地表一致性剩余静校正方法的适用性,提出了基于蒙特卡罗剩余静校正与模型约束最大能量剩余静校正的综合剩余静校正技术,摸索出一套有效解决低信噪比资料静校正问题的处理技术。以YE地区存在严重静校正问题的低信噪比资料为例,验证了所述静校正处理技术的有效性。     

广义S变换在地震数据处理中的应用与展望

总结了目前常见的广义S变换类型、原理与特点,归纳了现今广义S变换在时频域滤波去噪、时频谱分解、初至波识别与拾取及面波干扰压制等地震资料处理方面的研究成果。最后,展望了广义S变换在地震弱信号识别与提取、地震资料精细时变滤波、面波频散特性分析、背景噪声成像等研究方面的应用潜能。     

太行山南端浅层速度结构成像和隐伏断裂探测

利用太行山南端的深地震反射剖面数据,运用初至波层析成像方法反演得到该区域的浅层P波速度结构和基底面展布形态,发现剖面浅部的P波速度变化与沉积盖层厚度和断裂分布有着较好的对应关系。利用跨断裂完成的浅层地震反射剖面,对区域内2条第四纪隐伏活动断裂进行高分辨率成像。结果表明,汤西断裂为东倾的正断层,控制汤阴地堑的西边界,活动年代为中更新世;汤东断裂为西倾的正断层,是汤阴地堑的主控边界断裂,活动年代为晚更新世。     

内蒙古阿拉善高放废物地质处置预选场址近地表花岗岩体地震成像

在内蒙古阿拉善高放废物地质处置预选场址采用高分辨多次覆盖反射波法与初至波旅行时层析反演相结合的地震勘探技术,跨目标岩体完成了2条总长度约27 km的地震探测剖面。获得的地震探测成果揭示了目标岩体的空间展布、南侧不整合边界、岩体内部结构,尤其是断裂构造的存在情况和产状特征,对岩体南侧中新生代盆地内部的断裂和不整合地层接触关系也有清晰的反映。     

柳州：开展农村集体建设用地使用与管理情况专项检查

柳州市国土资源局近期出台了《柳州市国土资源局关于严格执行有关农村集体建设用地法律和政策落实情况检查工作方案》,拟于11月初至12月上旬,对全市范围内农村集体建设用地的使用与管理情况开展专项检查。     

黄土情未了--记2003年中国最高科学技术奖获得者刘东生

有人说,20世纪初至中叶是中国地质学界产生泰斗级人物的时代。中国现代地质学的奠基人章鸿钊,地质力学的泰斗李四光,大地构造理论的大师黄汲清,古生物化石研究的巨擘杨钟健……高山仰止,在向科学顶峰攀登的梯级路上,从来不乏后来者。     

基于PCA的井间地震偏振分析方法及其应用

基于主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA)方法构建理论模型进行三分量地震偏振分析试算,获得较准确的检波器的水平方位角和垂直倾角,然后对地震响应进行坐标旋转,从而校正检波器方向。将该方法应用于跨孔井间弹性波波速测试,对实测资料进行偏振分析可知,初至P波与初至S波分别在H_P分量和R分量中得到加强,不仅有利于初至起跳的拾取,还可以获得较准确的波速资料,为岩土工程设计提供更精确的动力学参数。     

Hydrodynamic conditions in front of a vertical wall with an overhanging horizontal cantilever slab

Transforming wave heights from offshore to the shoreline is the first step of any coastal engineering work. Wave breaking is analyzed to understand hydrodynamic conditions. For vertical breakwaters and sea walls, wave reflection is an important process that affects the determination of the wave height. Many of the design formulas presented in the literature depend on empirical studies based on the structures tested. In this study, the hydrodynamic conditions in front of a vertical wall with an overhanging horizontal cantilever slab with a foreshore slope of 1/20 are determined experimentally under regular wave conditions to assess the applicability of the formulas of Goda (2000) for predicting the nearshore wave height and breaker index equation (Goda, 2010). The selection of wave measurements used to determine the design wave height, the reflection coefficients, and wave breaking is also analyzed, and the reflection equations are derived from the dataset covering different breaker types. Small-scale tests show that the incident wave height is a good representative of the design wave height and that the values predicted by Goda are in good agreement with actual measurements. However, the predicted H_max values are overestimated. In addition, the inception of the wave breaking point is postponed because of the reflection and/or turbulence left over from preceding waves, which is an effect of the vertical wall. At higher water levels, the effect of the vertical wall on the inception point becomes more significant.     

Study on internal waves generated by tidal flow over critical topography

Resonance due to critical slope makes the internal wave generation more effectively than that due to supercritical or subcritical slopes(Zhang et al., 2008). Submarine ridges make a greater contribution to ocean mixing than continental margins in global oceans(Müller, 1977; Bell, 1975; Baines, 1982; Morozov, 1995). In this paper, internal wave generation driven by tidal flow over critical topography is examined in laboratory using Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) and synthetic schlieren methods in synchrony. Non-tidal baroclinic velocities and vertical isopycnal displacements are observed in three representative regions, i.e., critical, outward-propagating, and reflection regions. Temporal and spatial distributions of internal wave rays are analyzed using the time variations of baroclinic velocities and vertical isopycnal displacement, and the results are consistent with those by the linear internal wave theory. Besides, the width of wave beam changes with the outward propagation of internal waves. Finally, through monitoring the uniformly-spaced 14 vertical profiles in the x-z plane, the internal wave fields of density and velocity fields are constructed. Thus, available potential energy, kinetic energy and energy fluxes are determined quantitatively. The distributions of baroclinic energy and energy fluxes are confined along the internal wave rays. The total depth averaged energy and energy flux of vertical profiles away from a ridge are both larger than those near the ridge.     

通海台垂直摆受建筑载荷影响的数值模拟研究

针对通海台垂直摆NS和EW测项自2019-04出现同步趋势转折变化,计算2017~2020年NS和EW测项M₂波潮汐因子。结合监测井等地下介质结构资料,构建通海台沿垂向分层的三维有限元物理模型,定量分析不同岩石参数模型下建筑载荷对通海台NS向及EW向位移影响的差异特征。结果表明：1）2019-04后NS测项N倾变化量达到约2 750 ms,而EW测项E倾变化量达到约580 ms,NS测项趋势变化量显著大于EW测项;2）2017~2020年NS和EW测项M₂波潮汐因子较为稳定,NS测项M₂波潮汐因子在0.7左右波动,EW测项M₂波潮汐因子在0.52左右波动,数据的转折变化未能在潮汐频段引起同步变化;3）位于通海台东北部的医院建筑物载荷在通海台附近产生N向和E向位移加载,与垂直摆NS和EW测项在2019-04后出现的N倾和E倾趋势转折变化较为一致,模拟得到的N向位移量约为E向位移量的3倍。     

2018年松原5.7级地震前地磁垂直分量日变化低点时间时空演化特征

本文对松原5.7级地震前地磁垂直分量日变化低点时间时空演化特征进行研究，结果显示：1）以去除经度效应后低点时间为0 h的等值线作为低点位移分界线，松原5.7级地震的震中分别位于2018-04-13分界线上和2018-04-24分界线附近；2）异常日期间，中国大陆地磁垂直分量日变形态存在分区特征，去除经度效应后低点时间为正、负的区域内日变形态分别以“W”型和“V”型为主；3）在2018-04-13和2018-04-24这2个异常日期间，中国大陆都存在去除经度效应后的低点时间高梯度带，松原5.7级地震的震中分别位于2018-04-13高梯度区边缘和2018-04-24高梯度区东侧。     

Mitigation of the amplitude and celerity of dam break shock wave using combination of groyne and vertical pier

This paper aims to numerically investigate the impact of the combination of groynes and vertical piers on mitigating the amplitude and celerity of dam break wave-front. First, a robust numerical model based on the Finite Volume Method(FVM) with the Harten, Lax and van Leer(HLL) approximate Reimann's solver's technique is developed and validated with other research studies. Then many different scenarios including group of piers, group of groynes with different shapes and combination of groynes and piers are considered for dam break flow modeling. The final results showed that group of piers alone or group of groynes alone have no significant effects on the wave-front depth and celerity but, combination of L-head groyne with piers can decrease the amplitude and celerity of the dam break wavefront or flood wave. In this case, a blockage zone between the groynes and intensive backwater effects behind them were observed.     

日本Mw9.0强震的高频GPS形变波特征初探

利用高频GPS数据长基线双差精密定位技术,获取2011年3月日本Mw9.0强震近场和远场GPS连续参考站的瞬时动态形变。分析表明：距震源较近的IGS站（USUD）的同震动态形变水平方向幅度超过60 cm,震后水平形变达到30 cm;位于远场的GPS连续参考站（JLYJ）的动态形变,清晰地给出了地震面波引起的地表形变波形。对JLYJ站的谱分析表明,地震面波引起的动态形变周期为10～17 s,并出现了两次峰值,东西向和垂向上的动态位移量远大于北南向,说明JLYJ站的形变主要由Rayleigh波及其谐波所主导,Rayleigh波的传播速度为3.5 km/s,波长约50 km。     

反射波和折射波VSPCDP同时成像

介绍了反射波和折射波的 Ｖ Ｓ Ｐ Ｃ Ｄ Ｐ 同时成象方法,通过模型资料试算证实,对于大偏移距与深度比 Ｖ Ｓ Ｐ 资料或速度梯度大的 Ｖ Ｓ Ｐ 资料,反射波和折射波 Ｖ Ｓ Ｐ Ｃ Ｄ Ｐ 同时成像方法行之有效,而反射波 Ｖ Ｓ Ｐ Ｃ Ｄ Ｐ 迭加方法会得到错误的成像结果。     

Coastal upwelling and coastal jets in continuously stratified seas

Nonlinear numerical models of continuously stratified seas are developed for vertical sections to study the mechanism of coastal upwelling and coastal jets in two kinds of seas: the so-called finite or closed sea bounded by two vertical coastal coasts, without elevation of sea surface, but with a flat bottom; and the semi-infinite sea bounded by only one vertical coast, with both an elevation of sea surface and a flat or inclined bottom. Constant wind stress in the first case, and constant wind stress or negative wind stress curl in the second case, are abruptly imposed. The key procedure for the mathematical analysis is to calculate the horizontal pressure gradient first by a special treatment. In the first case, the variation of horizontal components of velocity is changed with time to show three successive time intervals. The results show that the width of baroclinic jets depends upon (σS)^1/2, and that distribution of isopycnic lines delineates the warm and cold regions. The relative importance of each term in the equilibrium among forces is thus determined. Distribution of stream function in vertical section reveals the upper and bottom Ekman layers. Two coastal jets are found with different alongshore velocities. The distribution of density anomalies displays the horizontal diffusion adjustment. An unstable case appears at different surface boundary conditions. In the second case, the vertical velocity will be stronger in the sea with less stratification, with an inclined bottom, and with a negative wind stress curl. The horizonatal offshore velocity increases in strength in a sea with inclined bottom and with negative wind stress curl. The vertical circulation pattern reveals the upwelling only. The distribution of density shows the isopycnic lines lifted upward near the shores. Obviously, the range of elevation of sea surface near the shore is larger than that far offshore. The jet width is less than the Rossby radius of deformation. A stronger jet will occur in more shallow water with negative wind stress curl. The coastal jet does not develop when the coefficient of horizontal turbulence increases to a certain limiting value.     

天津蓟州五名山滑坡隐患早期识别监测

为精确识别五名山滑坡隐患,利用Sentinel-1A/B升降轨数据,基于SBAS-InSAR技术反演2017-03~2021-04该地区垂向和坡向形变,识别滑坡灾害以及隐患点,对形变时间序列及滑坡原因进行分析。结果表明,五名山潜在地质灾害隐患可分为3个区域,其中最大垂向累积形变达-38.28 mm,临空面坡体最大坡向累积形变为22.10 mm;降水量对坡体稳定性具有不同程度的影响,坡体累积形变峰值滞后于降水峰值。研究成果可回溯蓟州五名山滑坡灾害形变特征,为天津北部山区地质灾害监测识别提供新思路,为防灾减灾提供保障和技术支持。