碳氮源对P.Fluorescens吸附和还原U(Ⅵ)的影响研究

为探讨不同碳氮源对培养基中铀酰离子的络合形态及荧光假单胞菌对铀吸附和还原作用的影响,本文以查氏培养基为基础,将蔗糖替换为葡萄糖或将硝酸钠替代为氯化铵,采用Visual MINTEQ分析研究铀酰离子络合形态。研究结果表明,碳氮源的种类对微生物生长无影响。U(Ⅵ)浓度为10 mg/L时,3种培养基中铀酰离子的主要络合形态均为UO2PO-4。U(Ⅵ)浓度为50~200 mg/L,查氏和葡萄糖碳源培养基中铀酰离子主要络合形态均为UO2(SO4)2-2。氯化铵氮源培养基中,U(Ⅵ)浓度为50 mg/L时铀酰离子的主要络合形态为UO2HPO4(aq),浓度为100~200 mg/L时主要是UO2Cl2(aq)。荧光假单胞菌对U(Ⅵ)耐受浓度高达100 mg/L,当U(Ⅵ)浓度达到200 mg/L时,菌体失活。荧光假单胞菌为活体时,对U(Ⅵ)的吸附率为84.02%~92.59%,还原率为3.32%~10.94%,不同碳氮源对铀吸附和还原的影响较小。荧光假单胞菌为死体时,对铀的吸附率为24.33%~39.05%;非葡萄糖碳源培养基中,对铀的还原率为37.50%~44.58%,含还原性葡萄糖的培养基条件下U(Ⅵ)的还原率为53.12%。还原性葡萄糖与荧光假单胞菌对铀的还原为协同作用。荧光假单胞菌为活体时,培养基成分被微生物充分利用,两者协同作用不明显。     

平衡移动法测定络合物组成和稳定常数的研究(Ⅰ)——多级络合体系平衡移动法公式的推导

1:推导出多级络合体系平衡移动法公式:lg(A_i)/(Amax-A_i)=lg(β_1[R] β_2[R]~2 ……β_n[R]~n)利用此公式解释了通常采用平衡移动法公式 lg(A_i)/(Amax-A_i)=nlg[R] lgβ_n所作的lg(A_i)/(Amax-A_i)～lg[R]图呈曲线的原因,并指出只有当[R]在适当范围内才能使曲线斜率(络合比)接近整数。2:通过 D_J—15型电子计算机绘制的一系列不同β值的lg(β_1[R] β_2[R]~2 β_3[R]~3)～lg[R]曲线探讨了在一定条件下,只能测出较高级络合比而测不出低级络合比的原因。     

43～17ka川东北石笋234U/238U变化及其意义初探

铀(U)是自然界中最重的天然元素.U的价态随氧化-还原条件的变化而变化:在还原环境下多形成难溶于水的+4价铀离子沉淀[2]而在氧化环境中多形成易溶于水的+6价铀酰离子[UO2]2+随溶液迁移[2],并易与碳酸根离子(CO32-)、磷酸根离子(PO43-)和氟离子(F-)形成络合离子[1].岩溶地下水由于具有较高的CO2分压(pCO2)和pH值,铀酰离子主要以碳酸根离子络合态的形式存在[2.3].在表生环境下,土壤氧化还原状态(Eh)与土壤水分含量密切相关,水分含量降低有利于氧化环境形成和土壤Eh上升,因而有利于U的迁移.     

Cr（Ⅵ）—PF—CPB显色反应及其应用

本文研究了有溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)存在时,在pH5.0—7.0的NaAc-HAc缓冲溶液中,苯基荧光酮(PF)与Cr(Ⅵ)的显色反应。在80—90℃保温10min,生成紫红色三元配合物,其组成比为:〔Ct(Ⅵ)〕:〔PF〕:〔CPB)=1:2:2。ε_(580)为1.1×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),0—6μg Cr(Ⅵ)/25ml范围内符合比尔定律。在碱熔分离后并有混合掩蔽剂存在下,一般共存离子不干扰Cr(Ⅵ)的测定.应用本法测定了环境水、土壤和矿石中痕量Cr。     

含金络合离子[Au(Sb_2S_4)]~-在高岭石表面吸附的量子化学研究

用离散变分Xα 量子化学计算方法 ,研究了络合离子 [Au(Sb2 S4) ]-吸附在粘土矿物高岭石晶体边缘时 ,它们之间的化学键性质。根据所选用的络合离子 [Au(Sb2 S4) ]-处于基面及侧面不同位置的 10个模型的计算结果 ,表明当络合离子 [Au(Sb2 S4) ]-位于高岭石晶片的侧面时 ,比其位于基面时更为稳定 ,而且与高岭石晶片侧面中的O形成共价键。     

铀-邻氯苯基荧光酮-吐温-80显色体系的研究和应用

研究了U(Ⅵ)与邻氯苯基荧光酮(o-Cl-PF)的显色反应条件:在非离子表面活性剂(吐温-80)存在下,pH 8.0三乙醇胺(TEA)-HCl缓冲介质中形成紫红色配合物,最大吸收波长在560mn,ε=1.48×10~5 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),含U量在0～1.2μg/ml范围内符合比耳定律。结合D_(235)型强碱性阴离子交换树脂分离,方法可用于矿石中痕量U的测定。     

渤海西部晚第四纪地层层序特征及沉积响应

渤海是一个仅通过渤海海峡与北黄海相接的半封闭陆架浅海,晚第四纪以来的地层演化过程复杂,目前尚不清楚,且海相地层的形成时代存在争议.为了研究渤海西部晚第四纪以来的地层层序,对高分辨率浅地层剖面声学地层与典型钻孔沉积地层的进行对比分析.研究表明:高分辨率浅地层剖面自下而上划定的7个声学地层单元（U5、U4-2、U4-1、U3、U2、U1-2、U1-1）与钻孔岩心划分的沉积地层单元具有良好的对应关系.与MIS4期、MIS2期低海面时期的沉积间断密切相关的两个层序界面R5、R3,将渤海西部晚第四纪（MIS5期）以来的地层层序自下而上划分为3个层序（SQ3、SQ2、SQ1）:SQ3识别出下部海侵体系域与高水位体系域、上部海退体系域,分别对应MIS5期海平面相对较高时期的滨-浅海相交替沉积（U5）、MIS4期早期滨海相沉积（U4-2）;SQ2自下而上由低水位体系域[MIS4期中晚期与黄河、滦河相关的河湖相沉积（U4-1）]与海侵体系域[MIS3期早中期滨海相沉积（U3）]组成;SQ1自下而上包括低水位体系域[末次冰盛期与滦河相关的河湖相沉积（U2）]、海侵体系域[全新世早中期滨海相沉积（U1-2）]高水位体系域[全新世高海面以来的浅海相沉积（U1-1）].研究区的地层发育受控于海平面变化、沉积物供应、渤海海峡地形及活动构造的共同作用.      

零价铁吸附-还原溶液中U(VI)的实验研究

研究零价铁(Zero-valent iron,ZVI)去除溶液中的U(VI),分析了pH值、反应时间、ZVI投加量、铀溶液初始浓度、其它离子(Mg2+、Mn2+、Cl-、NO-3、CO2-3和Cu2+)等条件因素对U(VI)去除效果的影响,并讨论其去除机理。结果表明:ZVI对溶液中U(VI)有较好的去除作用,在pH=4,振荡时间为120min,ZVI投加量为1.6g/L,铀溶液初始浓度为10mg/L,铀去除量为4mg/g时,U(VI)的去除率可达到63.7%。其它离子实验结果表明:Mg2+、Mn2+、Cl-、NO-3对ZVI去除U(VI)影响不超过3%,CO2-3和Cu2+影响相对较大。ZVI去除溶液中U(VI)以还原沉淀和吸附作用为主,吸附-还原反应遵循一级化学反应动力学方程。     

亚铁氰化钾提高原子荧光法测定砷锑铋的抗干扰能力

本文提出抗坏血酸-K_4[Fe(CN)_6]-硫脲体系,氢化物原子荧光法测定地质样品中痕量As、Sb和Bi。用K_4[Fe(CN)_6]消除干扰元素,可大大提高共存元素允许量。方法检出限(μg/ml)As 0.10,Sb 0.04,Bi 0.05;RSD均小于6％。 1 仪器与分析条件 XDY-1型原子荧光光度计(北京地质仪器厂生产)。输入功率As 20～35W、Sb 20～30W、Bi 30～40W,反射功率均调至最小,氩载气流量1L/min,负高压300～350V,炉温为900℃。7g/L KBH_4加入量是5ml。     

催化动力学光度法测定煤矸石中痕量钼

研究了在HCl介质中 ,Mo(Ⅵ )催化盐酸肼还原劳氏紫使之褪色的新指示反应 ,确定了催化褪色反应测定Mo(Ⅵ )的动力学条件 ,建立了测定痕量Mo(Ⅵ )的新方法。方法的表观摩尔吸收系数为 1 .4× 1 0 5L·mol- 1 ·cm- 1 ,线性范围为 0～ 35 0 μg/L ,检出限为 6.2× 1 0 - 1 1 g/L ,6次测定的RSD≤ 5 % ,加标回收率为 96.0 %～ 1 0 6.7% ,已用于测定煤矸石中的痕量Mo(Ⅵ )。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861