考虑淤泥层弹性储水的滨海承压含水层中海潮引起的地下水头波动

综合考虑了海底淤泥层的弹性储水系数、海潮荷载效应和渗透性,对海底露头处具有淤泥层的滨海承压含水层系统中海潮引起的水头波动进行分析,给出了相应的数学模型,并推导出其解析解,讨论了淤泥层弹性储水对于水头波动的影响.分析表明,当淤泥层的厚度或弹性储水系数较小时,或者其渗透性较好时,可以忽略其弹性储水效应,从而把整个淤泥层简化为第三类边界条件来处理.文章还考虑了承压含水层和淤泥层中可能存在的垂向流动,对垂向剖面二维地下水流动方程进行了数值模拟,将二维数值解与忽略垂向流动的一维解析解进行了比较,结果表明该含水层系统的垂向流动是可以被忽略的.     

开采地下水地面沉降三维数值模拟分析

根据汉口新业大厦水文地质与工程地质条件,建立开采地下水非稳定流定解问题三维数学模型,利用现有承压含水层非稳定流定解问题数值方案求解,重点讨论了源汇项的具体数学表达式。又简介根据达西定律和水均衡原理,建立了三维有限差分数值方程及其解法。根据土的有效应力原理和压密原理推导出了抽水沉降非线性压密方程,并研制了相应的三维有限元和有限差分计算程序。最后,对该环境岩土工程问题进行了分析和评价,计算结果与实测结果符合较好。     

承压稳定井流的径向基配点法数值模拟浅析

将径向基函数配点法用于求解承压含水层中地下水向井的稳定流动问题。主要考虑存在井群情形时径向基函数配点方法的应用。通过对具体实例计算分析显示,用径向基函数配点法求解该问题的计算精度及效率较高,结果理想。     

海底泉对在海底有限延伸的越流含水层系统中地下水潮汐效应的增强作用

海底泉在滨海地下水排泄过程中起着重要的作用。本文给出了含有一个海底泉的在海底延伸的越流承压含水层系统中地下水水头在海潮作用下波动的近似解析解。该含水层顶底板隔水且向海底延伸有限距离。假设含水层的海底露头被一层隔水层覆盖,海底泉由一个渗透性很好的完全穿透海底含水层硕板的圆柱体渗漏天窗（海底泉孔）来表示。近似解析解中包含了6个参数：承压含水层的海潮传播参数,海底泉孔中心到海岸线的距离,表示泉的圆柱体的等效半径,海底泉孔中心到含水层海底露头处的距离,承压含水层的海潮载荷效率和弱透水层的越流。分析表明,如果海底泉孔中心到海岸线的距离远大于泉孔的等效半径,且海底泉孔中心到含水层海底露头处的距离远大于泉孔的等效半径时,解析解的近似误差可以忽略。然后本文讨论了解析解的两个基本性质,分析了海底泉对海底地下水水头波动的影响。     

水资源和环境工程中水平井研究简介

简单介绍了水平井在水资源和环境工程中的近期研究进展, 重点介绍了在不同含水层(如承压含水层、潜水含水层、越流含水层及河下含水层) 中, 水平井抽水条件下降深的半解析解, 同时分析了降深随抽水时间变化的标准曲线和微分标准曲线.这些半解析解可用于分析小流量水平井在中长时段的降深特性.分析了用于排水和供水的大流量水平井的水力学特征, 并介绍了求解渗流-管流耦合井流系统的一种新方法.同时介绍了在非饱和含水层中水平井抽取气体的动力学特征, 并分析了地面覆盖和未覆盖2种情况下的气体清除效率, 报告了在不同饱和含水层条件下水平井的捕获区和捕获时间的计算.      

抽汲地下水引起地面沉降的水-土耦合三维有限元数值模拟

建立了抽汲地下水非稳定流定解问题的三维数学模型,利用现有承压含水层非稳定流定解问题数值方程求解,重点讨论了源汇项的具体数学表达式.根据土的有效应办原理和压密原理推导出抽水沉降非线性弹性压密方程,结合武汉新业大厦水文地质与工程地质条件,利用已研制的三维有限元计算程序LCYXY3D.F90对该环境岩土工程问题进行了分析和评价,计算结果与实测结果符合较好.     

承压稳定井流计算的单位分解配点法

用单位分解配点法求解承压含水层中地下水向井的稳定流动问题,该方法摆脱了背景网格的束缚,是一种真正的无网格方法,根据具体模型计算后发现其不仅实施简单,而且计算精度高。     

采用复合单元法模拟裂隙多孔介质变饱和流动

采用复合单元法建立了模拟裂隙多孔介质变饱和流动的数值模型。该模型具有以下特点：裂隙不需要离散成特定单元，而是根据几何位置插入到孔隙基质单元中形成复合单元；在复合单元中，分别建立裂隙流和孔隙基质流的计算方程，二者通过裂隙?基质界面产生联系并整合成复合单元方程；复合单元方程具有和常规有限单元方程相同的格式，因此，可以使用常规有限单元方程的求解技术。采用欠松弛迭代、集中质量矩阵以及自适应时步调节等技术，开发了裂隙多孔介质变饱和流动计算程序。通过模拟一维干土入渗和复杂裂隙含水层内的流动问题，验证了该模型的合理性和适用性。模拟结果为进一步认识非饱和裂隙含水层地下水流动特性提供了理论依据。     

复合含水层系统地下水资源评价三维数值模型

江苏省盐城市地下含水系统为一复合含水层系统,采用真三维模型,将其概化为三度空间上的非均质各向异性.在对模型进行识别、验证的基础上,结合对地面沉降、咸水入侵等地质环境控制的要求,规划、预测了到2020年12月底,第Ⅱ承压含水层、第Ⅲ承压含水层和第Ⅳ承压含水层中的最低地下水位分别恢复到-20 m、-30 m和-40 m时,各含水层中地下水的开采量及地下水的最优开采布局,并预测了未来各含水层地下水位降落漏斗趋于稳定的地下水开采量.     

北京平原区地下水承压含水层组防污性能评价

防污性能研究是保护地下水环境工作的基础,为加强对承压含水层地下水资源的保护,本文分别对北京市平原区3个承压含水层组的固有防污性能进行评价。选取隔水层的岩性、厚度、连续性,含水层的岩性、分层状况和相邻含水层的水头差等要素,构建承压含水层组防污性能评价指标体系,采用评价指标评分加权计算的方法,开展分层评价,最终将防污性能划分为好、较好、中等、较差和极差5个等级。结果表明,由第一承压水层向深层,防污性能逐渐增强;每个层组的防污性能均具有一定的区域分布性,整体来看,平谷区防污性能差,大兴区和通州区防污性能好。     

Steady‐state analytical solutions of flow and deformation coupling due to a point sink within a finite fluid‐saturated poroelastic layer

An exact steady‐state closed‐form solution is presented for coupled flow and deformation of an axisymmetric isotropic homogeneous fluid‐saturated poroelastic layer with a finite radius due to a point sink. The hydromechanical behavior of the poroelastic layer is governed by Biot's consolidation theory. Boundary conditions on the lateral surface are specifically chosen to match the appropriate finite Hankel transforms and simplify the transforms of the governing equations. Ordinary differential equations in the transformed domain are solved, and then the analytical solutions in the physical space for the pore pressure and the displacements are finally obtained by using finite Hankel inversions. The analytical solutions at some special locations such as the top and bottom surfaces, lateral surface, and the symmetrical axis are given and analyzed. And a case study for the consolidation of a water‐saturated soft clay layer due to pumping is conducted. The analytical solution is verified against the finite element solution. Meanwhile, an analysis of coupled hydromechanical behavior is carried out herein. The presented analytical solution is an exact solution to the practical poroelastic problem within an axisymmetric finite layer. It can provide us a better understanding of the poroelastic behavior of the finite layer due to fluid extraction. Besides, it can be applied to calibrate numerical schemes of axisymmetric poroelasticity within finite domains. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Finite layer analysis of consolidation. I

A method for the analysis of the consolidation of a horizontally layered soil under plane conditions is developed. The method depends upon the transformation of the governing equations by a Fourier trasform. This transformation has the effect of reducing the partial differential equations of consolidation to ordinary differential equations. The ordinary differential equations are then solved using a finite layer or finite difference approach. Once the solution in the transformed plane has been found, the actual solution is synthesized by Fourier inversion. The method leads to a considerable reduction in the amount of core storage necessary for solution and enables the solution of quite significant problems to be obtained on a mini-computer.     

Time‐dependent behaviour of a rigid foundation on a transversely isotropic soil layer

An analytical solution is presented in this paper to study the time‐dependent settlement behaviour of a rigid foundation resting on a transversely isotropic saturated soil layer. The governing equations for a transversely isotropic saturated soil, within Biot's poroelasticity framework, are solved by means of Laplace and Hankel transforms. The problem is subsequently formulated in the Laplace transform domain in terms of a set of dual integral equations that are further reduced to a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind and solved numerically. The developed analytical solution is validated via comparison with the existing analytical solution for an isotropic saturated soil case, and adopted as a benchmark to examine the sensitivities of the mesh refinement and the locations of truncation boundaries in the finite element simulations using ABAQUS. Particular attention is paid to the influences of the degree of soil anisotropy, boundary drainage condition, and the soil layer thickness on the consolidation settlement and contact stress of the rigid foundation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A finite element formulation for brine transport in rock salt

A set of coupled field equations is developed for transport of liquid brine in natural rock salt. The natural rock salt consists of individual crystals brought together so that only a portion of the crystal faces or grain boundaries contribute to the hydraulically connected pore space. Transport of brine inclusions within individual crystals is considered to be thermally driven; whereas transport along crystal interfaces or grain boundaries is considered to be pressure driven. The field equations for both transport mechanisms are developed and incorporated in a finite element program. An analytical solution to a one-dimensional boundary value problem is derived and compared to the finite element solution. An application of the finite element code to radioactive waste emplacement is briefly discussed.     

Finite layer analysis of viscoelastic layered materials

A method is presented for obtaining the creep settlement of strip or circular loadings applied to horizontally layered soil profiles. The solution method involves applying a fourier (strip loading) or Hankel (circular loading) transform to the governing equations, which reduces the two of three dimensional problem to one involving a single spatial demension. This leads to great savings in computer storage and data preparation time, and since an exact solution may be found for each layer of material, the method has advantages over conventional finite layer techniques where field quantities must be approximated at a number of positions within each layer. The type of formulation presented hearein makies it possible to work in terms of the creep functions of the soil rather than the relaxation functions. This has distinct advantages, as it is often easier to measure the creep behaviour of a soil in the laboratory. Numerical techniques are used to invert the laplace and Hankel transforms and this means that any type of creep function (which is invertible) may be used to describe the material properties of the soil.     

A quasistatic analysis of a plate on consolidating layered soils by analytical layer‐element/finite element method coupling

In this paper, a coupling method between finite element and analytical layer‐elements is utilized to analyze the time‐dependent behavior of a plate of any shape and finite rigidity resting on layered saturated soils. Based on the integral transform techniques together with the aid of an order reduction method, an analytical layer‐element solution is derived from the governing equations for three‐dimensional Biot consolidation with respect to a Cartesian coordinate system and then extended to be the fundamental solution for the layered saturated soil under a point load. The Mindlin plate is modeled by eight‐noded isoparametric elements. The governing equations of the interaction between soil and plate in the Laplace‐Fourier transformed domain are deduced by referring to the coupling theory of FEM/BEM, and the final solution is obtained by applying numerical inversion. Numerical examples concerned with the time‐dependent response of a plate are performed to demonstrate the influence of soil and plate properties on the interaction process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of a point sink on a pile group in saturated multilayered soils with anisotropic permeability

The behavior of a pile group is solved using the finite element method, and the fundamental solution of saturated multilayered soils with anisotropic permeability is obtained by the analytical layer element method. Based on the supposition of no slip occurring at the pile‐soil interface, the governing equations of the interaction between the pile group and the soils due to a point sink are established in the Laplace‐Hankel transformed domain by considering the pile‐soil compatibility condition. Numerical results are presented to study the effect of point sink pumping, the properties of soils, and the geometries of piles on the behavior of the pile group.     

The time–deflection behaviour of a rigid under-reamed anchor in a deep clay layer

The behaviour of an under-reamed anchor in a consolidating soil is examined by approximating the anchor as an impermeable circular plate embedded in a deep soil layer. Hankel and Laplace transforms are applied to the equations governing the consolidation process, and this greatly simplifies the equations, allowing a solution to be obtained for the transformed variables. Numerical inversion of both the Hankel and Laplace transforms is used to obtain the solution at any time. A particular feature of the solution method is that the unknown contact stress between the anchor and the soil and the unknown flows in the plane of the anchor are approximated as a series of simple functions with unknown coefficients. By determining the coefficients of the terms in the series, the complete solution may be found. Computations have been carried out using the method proposed, and results are presented for the time–settlement behaviour of an impermeable anchor. These results are compared with some published and some recomputed finite element data, and this highlights some of the difficulties encountered in using such numerical techniques.     

Linear coupled analysis of desiccation shrinkage in a double‐layer partially saturated medium: semi‐explicit solutions

Solutions are presented for the problem of isothermal dessiccation shrinkage in a double‐layer porous partially saturated medium. The rheological model taken into account is linear poroelastic. Hence the analysis is mainly focused on hydromechanical coupling effects and contrasts of mechanical and hydraulic properties between two materials: a low thickness skin comprised between the outer boundary and the reference porous material. Three one‐dimensional ideal structures are taken into account: a wall of finite thickness (cartesian geometry), a thick cylinder and a thick sphere. The solution of the time‐dependent problem is arrived at by applying Laplace transforms to the field variables. Exact solutions are obtained in Laplace transform space using Mathematica^© to solve the field equations whilst taking into account the continuity equations at the interface and the boundary conditions. The Talbot's modified algorithm has been performed to invert the Laplace transform solutions. A bibliographical and numerical study shows that this method is remarkably precise, stable and close to the analytical inversion. Results are presented using poroelastic data representative of a concrete material and involve a strong coupling effect between hydraulical and mechanical behaviours. A first approach elastic modelling of degradation process have been presented using a thin outer layer. Apart from emphasising the semi‐explicit solution utility due to accurate speed calculation, this paper deals with more complex problems than those which can be solved using purely analytical solutions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A frequency-domain analytical solution of Maxwell's equations for layered anisotropic media

An analytical solution of Maxwell's equations for layered anisotropic media is presented in a form which allows estimating the sought parameters by layer stripping without round-off accumulation. The solution in each layer is reduced to the standard procedures of solving a fourth-order algebraic equation, multiplication, addition, and inversion of second-order non-singular matrices. The algorithm has no limitations on layer thickness and is applicable to both very thick and very thin layers. The new numerical code is straightforward and can be easily parallelized.