地面沉降模拟计算的灰色离散GM（1，1）模型

地面沉降的模拟计算属于灰色问题,建立一个有效的灰色预测模型是十分重要的,在分析灰色线性回归组合模型模拟序列特点的基础上,建立了以原始数据直接建模的离散GM（1,1）模型（称为ODGM（1,1）模型）,将某沉降实例数据建立ODGM（1,1）模型,并与灰色线性回归组合预测模型进行比较,结果证明离散GM（1,1）模型优于灰色线性回归组合预测模型。     

基于灰色支持向量机残差修正模型的地面沉降量预测

沉降现象在各地区普遍发生,地面沉降量预测越来越受到重视。本文通过结合灰色(GM(1,1))预测模型和支持向量机(SVM)模型各自的优点,建立灰色支持向量机(GM(1,1)-SVM)残差修正模型,在突出时间序列发展趋势影响的同时降低序列中异常值的消极作用。以某高层建筑的18次地面沉降量数据为实例,检验GM(1,1)-SVM模型的预测效果。结果表明:相对单一的GM(1,1)沉降量预测模型,GM(1,1)-SVM模型相对误差小,预测精度高,对地面沉降量预测有一定指导意义。     

灰色系统理论在地面沉降预测中的应用

本文以厦门石湖山软土地基沉降预测为例,用灰色系统理论的方法,对现场观测数据进行了计算机模拟,建立该地基地面沉降的GM(1,1)预测模型,并用该理论提供的检验方法,对该模型进行了检验和可信度分析,证明用此法预测的地面沉降精度很高。同时,还运用传统的方法,建立了三种预测模型,对比和验证了GM(1,1)模型的精度,结果是GM(1,1)模型的精度最高。为地面沉降的预测找到了一种切实可行的方法。     

桩基沉降量的灰色预测

利用实测的桩基静载试验数据 ,用灰色系统理论建立桩基沉降量的灰色GM(1,1)预测模型 ,可以模拟桩基静载试验P s曲线的未知部分。研究结果表明 ,建立的GM(1,1)模型可有效预测桩基沉降量 ,对进一步分析桩基的承载性能有理论与实际意义。     

线性回归模型和灰色预测系统GM(1,1)模型在旱灾预测中的比较应用

为了比较不同预测方法在洛阳旱灾预测中精度和优缺点,根据1368—2016年河南干旱灾害发生时间及灾情统计数据,在分析河南省干旱灾变特点、规律和成因的基础上,建立线性回归模型和灰色预测系统GM(1,1)模型对干旱年份进行预测,利用回归模型理论,经Excel求解得到回归方程。该模型具有很高的精度,可以用来预测旱灾发生年份。利用灰色系统理论,建立GM(1,1)模型模拟洛阳市灾变年份,经Matlab求解得到时间响应序列函数。通过计算机仿真发现预测值和实测值拟合良好,具有很高的精度。最后对数据预测精度进行一个比较分析,得出结论:灰色建模和灰色预测在一些特定的情况下,是一种较一元线性回归预测精度更好的实用预测方法。     

地面沉降的GM(2,1)模型预测研究

运用灰色理论建立地面沉降的GM(2,1)模型,其中非等时距位移序列采用拉格朗日插值函数转变为等时距序列。采用非等时距GM(2,1)及GM(1,1)模型对西安市地面沉降观测点进行安全预测。计算结果表明,非等时距GM(2,1)模型预测地面沉降精度总体较GM(1,1)模型高,预测结果与实际吻合较好。     

灰色新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型在高速公路滑坡中的变形预测研究

传统GM(1,1)模型用于预测时,该模型在初始的少量数据中,才能充分利用有限的数据反映系统的发展变化,越往后监测,该模型的预测精度就越弱。而在实际应用中,必须不断考虑那些随时间相继进入系统的扰动或驱动因素,随时将每一个新得到的数据置入系统中,建立新信息GM(1,1)模型进行动态预测。因此,针对传统GM(1,1)模型存在的不足,文章建立了灰色新陈代谢GM(1,1)滑坡预测模型,并利用该模型对巴达高速公路滑坡位移变形进行了预测。结果表明,灰色新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型精度较高,预测误差较小,有很好的工程应用价值。     

灰色新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型在滑坡变形预测中的应用

由于常规GM(1,1)模型用于预测时,精度较高的仅仅是最近的几个数据,越往未来发展,该模型的预测精度就越弱。针对常规GM(1,1)模型存在的不足,文章建立了灰色新陈代谢GM(1,1)滑坡预测模型,并利用该模型对向加坡滑坡和链子崖危岩体GA监测点位移变形进行了预测。结果表明,灰色新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型精度较高,预测误差较小,有很好的利用价值。     

考虑滞后作用的地面沉降阿尔蒙分布预测模型

地面沉降相对于地下水水位变化具有滞后性。本文尝试建立了考虑滞后作用的地面沉降阿尔蒙分布滞后模型,并对收集到的沧州地区某时段内的地面沉降量进行了模拟预测,预测结果与灰色GM(1,1,)预测模型和神经网络预测模型的预测精度进行了对比。结果表明,阿尔蒙分布滞后模型的预测结果优良,预测精度相比较另两种方法均有提高,可以应用到地面沉降的预测问题中。     

中心逼近式灰色GM(1,1)模型在滑坡变形预测中的应用

黄龙西村滑坡位于甘肃天水,属黄土高势能滑坡,滑体体积3.9105m3,基底为花岗闪长岩。为了提高滑坡灰色GM(1,1)模型的预测精度,采用一种改变背景值的方法--中心逼近式灰色GM(1,1)模型。通过黄龙西村滑坡实例验证分析,结果表明中心逼近式灰色GM(1,1)模型的预测值与该滑坡实际监测值十分接近,且其残差平方和及平均误差百分比明显比传统灰色GM(1,1)模型的残差平方和及平均误差百分比小,具有较高的预测精度。同时,可通过调整模型中参数m的取值,使中心逼近式灰色GM(1,1)模型具有更高的预测精度。经计算,当m=6时,中心逼近式灰色GM(1,1)模型的预测精度比传统灰色GM(1,1)模型提高了5.34%。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861