论矿床的自然分类——四论矿床的成矿系列问题

矿床的成矿系列概念是一种研究区域成矿规律的学术思想,亦是一种新的矿床分类——矿床的自然分类。矿床的自然分类,是以成矿的时代、成矿的地质构造环境、地质成矿作用与所形成的矿床组合自然体这4个因素作为划分原则的。以矿床成矿系列为基本单元,具有5级序次体系:第一序次为矿床成矿系列组合、矿床成矿系列组和矿床成矿系列类型,第二序次为矿床成矿系列,第三序次为矿床成矿亚系列,第四序次为矿床式,第五序次为矿床。矿床的自然分类着重强调矿床在四维时-空域中形成的完整的自然地质过程,恢复矿床在一定时-空域中存在的客观自然面貌。矿床的自然分类是一个既科学又具有实用价值的分类方案。     

云南南华砷铊矿床的矿床和环境地球化学

云南南华砷铊矿床的矿床和环境地球化学＠张兴茂￥中国科学院地球化学研究所砷铊矿床,矿床地球化学,环境地球化学,成矿模式,云南南华云南南华砷铊矿床的矿床和环境地球化学张兴茂（中国科学院地球化学研究所,贵州５５０００２）关键词砷铊矿床矿床地球化学环境地球化学成矿...     

中国岩浆硫化物矿床分类与小岩体成矿作用

中国镍（铜、钴）、铂族等许多重要金属矿产都产出于岩浆硫化物矿床，这类矿床是矿床地质工作研究的热点之一。笔者综合构造背景、侵入方式、岩体规模、矿床模式、主成矿元素等因素对中国岩浆硫化物矿床提出了新的分类：①古大陆内的小侵入体矿床；②与大陆溢流玄武岩有关的侵入体矿床；③造山带内小侵入体矿床；④蛇绿岩型矿床。认为小侵入体（小岩体）岩浆矿床是中国主要的矿床类型，并在此基础上，从小岩体矿床的相关概念、三种地质背景、     

变质矿床成因分类的讨论

变质矿床号称三大类矿床之一,但与内生和外生矿床相比,研究程度甚差,有待加强工作,成因分类即是其中之一。根据变质成矿作用发育阶段和其对应矿床产出状况的明显差异,将变质矿床划分为同生变质矿床和后生变质矿床两大类。再根据变质成矿作用的类型将同生变质矿床分为接触变质矿床、区域变质矿床和混合岩化交代重结晶矿床,将后生变质矿床分为变质热液矿床、混合岩化热液矿床和混合岩化伟晶岩矿床。     

白钨矿床的地质特征及在吉林省的找矿方向

独立的白钨矿矿床和以白钨矿为主要组分的白钨矿矿床是一类重要的矿床。本文研究了这类矿床的实例,总结了这类矿床的成矿特征,提出了吉林省这类矿床的找矿方向。     

八论矿床的成矿系列

矿床的成矿系列(简称成矿系列)是区域成矿研究的一种学术思想,亦是地球系统四维成矿论.认为地球的矿床世界是由特定的时空域内,各类地质成矿作用形成的矿床类型组合的矿床自然体矿床成矿系列及其联合体成矿体系所组成.矿床形成决定于时间、空间、成矿作用三要素.矿床世界的基本单元是矿床成矿系列.矿床成矿系列组成成矿体系,成矿体系组成...     

中国岩浆硫化物矿床新分类与小岩体成矿作用

中国镍(铜、钴)、铂族等许多重要金属矿产都产出于岩浆硫化物矿床,该类矿床是矿床地质研究的热点之一。笔者综合构造背景、侵入方式、岩体规模、矿床模式、主成矿元素等因素,对中国岩浆硫化物矿床提出了新的分类:①古大陆内的小侵入体矿床;②与大陆溢流玄武岩有关的侵入体矿床;③造山带内小侵入体矿床;④蛇绿岩型矿床。认为小侵入体(小岩体)岩浆矿床是中国主要的矿床类型,并在此基础上,从小岩体矿床的相关概念、3种地质背景、3种火山岩_岩体_矿床组合形式以及成矿的主要因素等方面详细阐述了小岩体成矿作用。结合国内外勘查实践指出,小岩体岩浆矿床仍具有很大的找矿潜力,是中国应继续重点研究的主要矿床类型。最后,还讨论了小岩体矿床不仅在基性_超基性岩体中广泛发育,而且在中酸性岩体中也具有重要的经济价值和研究意义。     

矿床地球化学模型的建立及其找矿效果探讨——以团结沟金矿为例

当今矿床学研究中的热点问题之一是矿床模型研究。矿床建模的理论与方法,矿床模型的定量化是目前矿床模型研究中亟待解决和完善的问题。从典型矿床研究入手,首先建立易于实现定量化的矿床地球化学模型,将有助于打破矿床模型研究的僵局。团结沟金矿床地球化学模型的建立是一个初步尝试。矿床地球化学模型能迅速转化为找矿模型,为找矿预测提供简捷有效的途径。     

矿床类型模型的地质构造背景、成矿环境和容矿岩石组合

每一矿床模型类似人们"指纹"各自不同。根据中国哲学的"白马是马而非马(类)"的概念,本文提出应深入研究同一类的矿床总体特征的普适性矿床模型。据此,普适性矿床模型(马类)将包括该类矿床中的矿床(白马),从而增强其对未知矿床比对的整体性。其次,本文又对矿床普适性模型提出成矿系列的新概念。即按各类矿床产出的不同环境,作者等根据一定地质构造背景、一定成矿环境和一定容矿岩石组合提出"中国矿床普适性模型分类"和与每类成矿环境相适应的74个矿床模型(表1)。据此,人们可从地质环境分类中发现相应的矿床模型,反之,一定的矿床模型也能反应其产出的成矿环境。     

试论人为矿床开发利用

本文介绍了人为矿床的概念和研究概况,论述了人为矿床的分类、特征及开发利用的意义、优势、工作重点和难点。文章指出:人为矿床就是人类活动所产生的可以进行规模化利用而现在仍被视为“废弃物”的各种物质;人为矿床大多具有污染源和资源的双重属性,开发利用人为矿床是治理环境污染的釜底抽薪之法,开发利用人为矿床可以收到经济和环保的双重效益;人为矿床具有活动性和增生性,是真正“取之不尽用之不竭”的矿床,开发利用人为矿床,是发展循环经济的重要途径;人为矿床的分布与人类活动区域相关、赋存状态迥异于自然矿床、物质成分十分复杂;人为矿床具有可人为控制的特性;开发利用人为矿床,需要进行广泛的社会动员。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861