吴川—四会断裂带构造岩变形环境分析

吴川－四会断裂带存在着中－高温超塑性变形岩石和半韧性半脆性糜棱岩两大系列构造岩，具有长期复杂的变形历史。中高温超塑性变形岩石由层状花岗质构造片麻岩、面状花岗质构造片麻岩和带状花岗质构造片麻岩构成，它们分别形成于晋宁期造山作用、早加里东期和印支期的基底折离作用。而半韧性半脆性构造岩由糜棱岩系列岩石构成，尤以出现玻状岩为特征，为燕山早期逆冲断层产物。     

秦岭商丹糜棱岩带构造变形环境的显微构造标志

商丹糜棱岩带不同区段石英和长石的显微构造及石英组构特征表明,商丹糜棱岩带自西向东构造变形环境显示从低绿片岩相至中- 高绿片岩相至高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相的变化规律。低绿片岩相变形环境下,石英多为Ⅰ型条带,长石主要显示脆性破裂特征,石英c 轴组构呈单一环带型式。中- 高绿片岩相变形环境下,石英主要为Ⅱ型石英多晶条带,斜长石主要处于脆性碎裂流动状态,钾长石开始向韧性转化,石英c 轴组构呈绕y 轴分布的点极密型式。高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相变形环境下,石英普遍呈现光性均匀并有120°三连点的动态重结晶和Ⅳ型条带,斜长石开始显示脆- 韧性过渡状态的变形特点,钾长石显示明显的韧性变形特点,石英c 轴组构呈Ⅰ型交叉环带型式     

双曲型不锈钢管铅阻尼器性能研究

提出一种双曲型不锈钢管铅阻尼器,阐述了其构造与特点.采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,对双曲型不锈钢管铅阻尼器和普通钢管铅阻尼器及设过渡段(A类构造)、不设过渡段(B类构造)的双曲型不锈钢管铅阻尼器进行对比分析.结果表明:双曲型不锈钢管铅阻尼器滞回曲线对称、饱满,在小位移下即进入屈服耗能,具有优异且稳定的耗能能力;当阻尼...     

高黎贡剪切带变形花岗质岩石中的长石细粒化和岩石流动特性

以高黎贡剪切带中发育的变形花岗质岩石为研究对象,主要通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、阴极发光仪(CL)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对其显微构造、组构以及矿物成分进行了精细的测试分析,重点针对岩石中的长石细粒化和流体制约因素进行了深入讨论.研究结果表明:(1)高黎贡剪切带中的变形花岗质岩石随糜棱岩化程度的增强,呈现出两个明显的端元变形岩石类型,即Ⅰ型-条带状花岗质糜棱岩和Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩.(2)在Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型岩石中,主要矿物组合均为钾长石、斜长石、石英、黑云母和(或)白云母.然而其中Ⅰ型岩中矿物的成分含量为:钾长石(残斑为主)斜长石石英±黑云母;Ⅱ型岩中矿物的成分含量为:细粒化的斜长石钾长石石英±黑云母.(3) EBSD组构结果显示无论是Ⅰ型-条带状花岗质糜棱岩,还是Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩,条带状石英在Y轴方向形成最大c轴0001主极密的结晶学优选定向,表示以柱面a滑移系发育为主;而Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩基质中的石英单颗粒在X轴方向形成最大c轴0001主极密的结晶学优选定向,指示了柱面c滑移系.(4)Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩基质中分布的钾长石矿物变形是以(100)[010]滑移系的发育占主导地位的位错蠕变动态重结晶,斜长石矿物呈现较弱的EBSD组构,表现出颗粒边界为主的滑移超塑性流动特征.值得注意的是从Ⅰ型-条带状花岗质糜棱岩到Ⅱ型-条带状超糜棱岩中,变形长石残斑主要为钾长石.在角闪岩相剪切变形过程中钾长石呈现出明显细粒化以及矿物相、矿物成分和结构的转变,表现为钾长石矿物残斑被细粒化斜长石和石英颗粒取代并伴随着流体作用.钾长石残斑的强烈细粒化进一步形成高应变局部化的超糜棱岩和整个岩石的超塑性流动.     

广宁深层次推覆构造前缘陡倾带变形构造研究

河台含金韧性剪切带是广宁深层次推覆构造前缘的一个陡倾带，它又是继推覆剪切之后再行右旋走滑剪切的复合带。首先解析了河台带中推覆与走滑两期构造变形的存在，并研究了带中的变形特征和运动规律及估算了几个主要糜棱岩带的水平走滑距离。通过显微镜和透射电镜，还研究了糜棱岩的显微、超显微构造，估算了变形的差异应力和应变速率     

额尔古纳断裂特征、形成时代及构造属性

额尔古纳断裂是沿额尔古纳河东岸分布的由花岗质糜棱岩所组成的大型韧性剪切带.本文报道了韧性剪切带几何学、运动学特征以及花岗质糜棱岩中黑云母40Ar/39Ar定年结果,以便揭示断裂特征、形成时代、构造属性及大地构造背景.大型韧性剪切带呈NE向展布,具有上盘向NW倾向滑动特征.糜棱岩中糜棱面理和矿物拉伸线理十分发育,属于S-L构造岩.求得对数付林参数在1.18~2.35之间,显示糜棱岩的应变类型为接近平面应变的拉长应变.用极摩尔圆法和石英斜交面理法测得的运动学涡度值分别为0.42~0.92和0.48~0.94,表明剪切带是简单剪切和纯剪切共同作用的一般剪切带.应变和运动学涡度综合分析显示剪切带为伸展作用下的加长-减薄型剪切带.矿物的变形行为指示了额尔古纳糜棱岩经历了中深地壳高温剪切阶段、高温环境下应力撤消后静态恢复重结晶阶段和低温隆升冷却阶段.花岗质糜棱岩中黑云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄分别是(106.16±0.79)和(111.55±0.67)Ma,是额尔古纳韧性剪切带低温隆升冷却阶段的产物,明显年轻于外贝加尔-蒙古东北部地区变质核杂岩隆升冷却时代.基于实测地质剖面、显微构造、有限应变测量、运动学涡度分析、年代学研究以及区域对比,认为额尔古纳断裂的构造属性属于早白垩世NNE向展布的大型低角度伸展型韧性剪切带.额尔古纳断裂与俄罗斯外贝加尔-蒙古东北部-中国大兴安岭西坡的早白垩世变质核杂岩、火山断陷盆地和超大型-大型火山-热液矿床具有相同的大地构造背景,它们是中-俄-蒙3国交界地区板块碰撞后加厚的地壳在早白垩世发生伸展减薄和重力坍塌背景下的产物.     

秦岭钼矿带斑岩体锶氧同位素特征与岩石成因机制和类型

秦岭造山带大量发育中生代深成花岗岩基和浅成斑岩体．长期以来,前者被作为改造型或Ｓ型;后者伴随钼矿化,被作为同熔型或Ｉ型．统计表明,浅成斑岩体Ｓｒｉ＝０．７０５－０．７１４, δ１８Ｏ＝７．２％。－１２．１‰,深成花岗岩基 Ｓｒｉ＝ ０．７０５－０．７１０, δ１８Ｏ＝ ６．１‰－１０．４‰,二者基本一致．锶氧同位素组成的一致性指示浅成斑岩与深成花岗岩之物质来源和成岩机制的相似性．通过分析成岩构造背景、岩石矿物学特征、地球化学特征和区域地球物理资料,认为浅成斑岩与深成花岗岩基同属中生代华南与华北古板块碰撞造山的产物,均属碰撞型或陆壳重熔型花岗岩类．     

角闪石高温脆-韧性转变变形的显微与亚微构造证据——以滇西点苍山深变质剪切糜棱岩为例

对点苍山地区高温变形角闪质岩石应用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜侧重开展了显微与亚微构造分析, 同时利用电子探针分析并结合应用角闪石地质压力计和角闪石-斜长石地质温度计, 揭示了中部地壳环境(约637℃和0.653 GPa)角闪石高温脆-韧性转变条件下的变形机制. 结果表明: (1) 中部地壳剪切变形形成的角闪质糜棱岩具有典型的糜棱结构, 由粗大的变形残斑和细小的基质颗粒所组成. 岩石中不同矿物具有截然不同的变形表现, 角闪石和长石表现出强烈的细粒化, 石英以重结晶生长为特点; (2) 角闪石具有典型的脆-韧性转变属性, 糜棱岩中具有不同结晶学方向的角闪石晶体颗粒呈现为"硬(Ⅰ型)"和"软(Ⅱ型)"残斑. "硬"残斑很少有明显的晶内变形, 或局部出现微破裂作用和位错缠结. "软"残斑遭受强烈变形, 初期也以位错缠结(核部为代表)为主, 但随后出现的双晶作用和位错的滑移与攀移(可能是由于水解弱化引起)使之转变形成细小的动态重结晶基质颗粒. 两种类型的残斑和基质的显微与亚微构造特点对于角闪石的脆-韧性转变表现给予了最好的论证; (3) 双晶成核重结晶机制是脆-韧性转变条件下角闪石动态重结晶的一种重要过程. 在双晶成核重结晶机制中, (100)[001]双晶滑移与位错蠕变(滑移与攀移)相互促进、共同作用.     

糜棱岩的超声波衰减特征及其油气地质意义

糜棱岩是断裂构造带、伸展盆地滑脱层和韧性剪切带中常见的岩石类型.通过对郯庐断裂带南段糜棱岩和类糜棱岩超声波衰减的研究,探讨其衰减特征与岩石组构、弹性波速、封闭性能的关系.结果表明,糜棱岩的超声波衰减特征与岩石内部结构构造、变形变质程度等存在着密切的关系,品质因子Q值对岩石组构及应力应变程度的变化较为敏感,即粒度较细、结构致密、定向构造明显、糜棱岩化程度较高的岩石,其Q值较大,反之则小.糜棱岩还表现出Q值各向异性的特征,且岩石Q值总体上与波速及封闭性能参数(突破压力、封盖高度和遮盖系数等)正相关,封闭性能参数对Q值的变化极为敏感.因此,根据Q值可灵敏有效地判断岩石物性及封闭性能,比较不同盖层封闭能力的相对强弱.     

角闪石高温脆-韧性转变变形的显微与亚微构造证据

对点苍山地区高温变形角闪质岩石应用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜侧重开展了显微与亚微构造分析, 同时利用电子探针分析并结合应用角闪石地质压力计和角闪石-斜长石地质温度计, 揭示了中部地壳环境(约637℃和0.653 GPa)角闪石高温脆-韧性转变条件下的变形机制. 结果表明: (1) 中部地壳剪切变形形成的角闪质糜棱岩具有典型的糜棱结构, 由粗大的变形残斑和细小的基质颗粒所组成. 岩石中不同矿物具有截然不同的变形表现, 角闪石和长石表现出强烈的细粒化, 石英以重结晶生长为特点; (2) 角闪石具有典型的脆-韧性转变属性, 糜棱岩中具有不同结晶学方向的角闪石晶体颗粒呈现为“硬(Ⅰ型)”和“软(Ⅱ型)”残斑. “硬”残斑很少有明显的晶内变形, 或局部出现微破裂作用和位错缠结. “软”残斑遭受强烈变形, 初期也以位错缠结(核部为代表)为主, 但随后出现的双晶作用和位错的滑移与攀移(可能是由于水解弱化引起)使之转变形成细小的动态重结晶基质颗粒. 两种类型的残斑和基质的显微与亚微构造特点对于角闪石的脆-韧性转变表现给予了最好的论证; (3) 双晶成核重结晶机制是脆-韧性转变条件下角闪石动态重结晶的一种重要过程. 在双晶成核重结晶机制中, (100)[001]双晶滑移与位错蠕变(滑移与攀移)相互促进、共同作用.     

北京北石城断层带与河防口断层带断层岩石显微构造研究

本文论述了糜棱岩类与碎裂岩类的变形特征,它们各自代表了不同的成因机制,反映了断层带经历过早期韧性剪切和后期脆性破裂的发育历史。根据断层岩石的显微构造特征,估算了断层带发育过程中两个阶段的温度、压力、应变速率、差异应力大小和方位,并讨论了韧性剪切带、地壳中弹塑性过渡带与大陆地震多发层之间的关系     

Characteristics of fault rocks and paleo-earthquake source along the Koktokay-Ertai fault zone,Xinjiang,China

ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｆａｕｌｔｒｏｃｋｓａｎｄｐａｌｅｏｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓｏｕｒｃｅａｌｏｎｇｔｈｅＫｏｋｔｏｋａｙＥｒｔａｉｆａｕｌｔｚｏｎｅ，Ｘｉｎｊｉａｎｇ，ＣｈｉｎａＬＡＮＢＩＮＳＨＩ１）（史兰斌）ＣＨＵＡＮＹＯＮ...     

红河断裂带中南段糜棱岩分形特征及主要流变参数的估算

红河断裂带是一条经历了长期构造演化的块间构造变形带,该断裂的西南侧出露一套经韧性剪切形成的糜棱岩。研究区糜棱岩宏观上发育多种变形组构,如构造面理、线理、S-C组构等。微观变形特征有云母鱼、长石碎斑、长石和角闪石压扁拉长、碎斑旋转形成的压力影等;尤其是石英普遍变形,其特征有波状消光、核幔构造、动态重结晶、单颗粒压扁拉长及石英条带等;石英动态重结晶新颗粒尤其发育,重结晶的新颗粒边界具有锯齿状或港湾状等不同的微观特征,这些不同的特征记录了变形时的温压环境和流变速率。石英新颗粒分维几何统计分析表明:研究区石英动态重结晶颗粒边界形态具有自相似性,表现出分形特征。分维数值为1.150～1.180,变形温度大约500℃,同构造变质环境属高绿片岩相-低角闪岩相;初步估算应变速率可能低于10-8.4s-1,根据石英重结晶的粒径估算变形古应力为42.0～58.0MPa     

沂沭断裂带中段基底韧性剪切带

在沂沭断裂带中段的泰山群结晶基底中,存在着一系列北东、北北东走向的左行韧性剪切带。对其中发育糜棱岩的韧性剪切带的结构构造、应变测量、变形岩石的显微构造、显微组构以及长石粒度和含量的变化规律进行了观测分析。讨论了韧性剪切带的变形条件和机制。及其递进发展的趋势。指出基底韧性剪切带是沂沭断裂带元古宙时期断裂活动时在地壳较深层次上形成的构造表象。在此基础上,讨论了地壳不同层次上的断裂变形及断裂岩石的综合分类问题     

The effect of a hydrous phase on P‐wave velocity anisotropy within a detachment shear zone in the slow‐spreading oceanic crust: A case study from the Godzilla Megamullion,Philippine Sea

We studied the contributions of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and amphibole to the P‐wave velocity properties of gabbroic mylonites of the Godzilla Megamullion (site KH07‐02‐D18) in the Parece Vela Rift of the central Parece Vela Basin, Philippine Sea, based on their crystal‐preferred orientations (CPOs), mineral modes, and elastic constants and densities of single crystals. The gabbroic mylonites have been classified into three types based on their microstructures and temperature conditions: HT1, HT2 and medium‐temperature (MT) mylonites. The P‐wave velocity properties of the HT1 mylonite are dominantly influenced by plagioclase CPOs. Secondary amphibole occurred after deformation in the HT1 mylonite, so that its effect on P‐wave velocity anisotropy is minimal due to weak CPOs. Although the HT2 mylonite developed deformation microstructures in the three minerals, the P‐wave velocity properties of the HT2 mylonite are essentially isotropic, resulting from the destructive interference of different P‐wave velocity anisotropy patterns produced by the distinct CPOs of the three constituent minerals (i.e., plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and amphibole). The P‐wave velocity properties of the MT mylonite are influenced mainly by amphibole CPOs, whereas the effect of plagioclase CPOs on P‐wave velocity anisotropy becomes very small with a decrease in the intensity of plagioclase CPOs. As a result, the gabbroic mylonites tend to have weak P‐wave velocity anisotropy in seismic velocity, although their constituent minerals show distinct CPOs. Such weakness in the whole‐rock P‐wave velocity anisotropy could result from the destructive contributions of the different mineral CPOs with respect to the structural framework (foliation and lineation). These results show that amphibole has a high potential for P‐wave velocity anisotropy by aligning both crystallographically and dimensionally during deformation in the hydrous oceanic crust. The results also suggest that the effect of a hydrous phase on P‐wave velocity anisotropy within the detachment shear zone in a slow‐spreading oceanic crust varies depending on the degree of deformation and on the timing of hydrothermal activity.     

FAULT ROCKS AND ACTIVITIES OF THE KANGDING-MOXI FAULT ZONE

Mylonite,cataclasite and especially fault rocks subjected to both mylonitization and cata-clasis widely developed along the Kangding-Moxi fault zone.A mylonite zone has formed as a result of ductile shearing in early stage.In later stage brittle fracturing has occurred along this mylonite zone,accompanied by the formation of the present Kangding-Moxi fault zone.Later on,ductile shearing and multiperiods of brittle fracturing occurred along the fault zone.Differential stress magnitude d     

郯庐断裂带南段与大别──胶南造山带构造复合（叠加）的显微构造证据

对那庐断裂带南段构造岩特别是中深层次韧性剪切带中的糜棱岩进行了研究自北向南于部庐断裂带主干断裂沿线选取6条有代表性的初一脆性剪切带进行地质测量,应用高分辨透射电子显微镜对构造岩中变形石英的位错结构进行观察,求得了韧性剪切作用下构造岩石所受的古差异应力和应变速率等一系列应变参数从显微构造角度提出了郊庐断裂带与大别一胶南造山带构造复合（叠加）的证据：构造岩石的一组应变参数是郊庐断裂带的产物,严格受其中的韧性剪切带控制,另一组系大别-胶南造山带与部庐断裂带复合的产物还讨论了都庐断裂带南段中深层次构造岩的变形一变质历史     

ESTIMATE OF DIFFERENTIAL FLOW STRESS AND STRAIN RATE FOR HONGHE FAULT ZONE

Microstructures of quartz in Honghe mylonite zone are studied and recent result of microstructural paleopiezometry is used in this paper to estimate the differential flow stress and strain rate for the southern Honghe fault zone. The calculations show that the differential flow stress during the development of mylonites of the southern Honghe fault zone varied gradually from 45MPa in the south to 120MPa in the north. Because the formation depth of mylonite zone became shallow from south to north, this variation indicates the decrease of flow stress with depth. The strain rate was roughly of the order of 10-12/se     

The structural characteristics,age of origin,and tectonic attribute of the Erguna Fault,NE China

The Erguna Fault runs along the east bank of the Erguna River in NE China and is a large-scale ductile shear zone comprising granitic mylonites. This paper reports on the geometry, kinematic indicators, and 40Ar/39 Ar biotite ages of the granitic mylonites, to constrain the structural characteristics, forming age, and tectonic attribute of the Erguna ductile shear zone. The zone strikes NE and records a top-to-the-NW sense of shear. A mylonitic foliation and stretching lineation are well developed in the mylonites, which are classified as S-L tectonites. Logarithmic flinn parameters(1.18–2.35) indicate elongate strain which approximates to plane strain. Kinematic vorticity numbers are 0.42–0.92 and 0.48–0.94, based on the polar Mohr diagram and the oblique foliation in quartz ribbons, respectively, suggesting that the ductile shear zone formed under general shear, or a combination of simple and pure shear. According to finite strain and kinematic vorticity analyses, the Erguna Fault is a lengthening-thinning ductile shear zone that formed by extension. The deformation behavior of minerals in the mylonites indicates that the fault was the site of three stages of deformation: an initial stage of middle- to deep-level, high-temperature shear, a post-stress recovery phase of high-temperature static recrystallization, and a final phase of low-temperature uplift and cooling. The 40Ar/39 Ar plateau ages of biotite from the granitic mylonites are 106.16 ± 0.79 and 111.55 ± 0.67 Ma, which constrain the timing of low-temperature uplift and cooling but are younger than the ages of metamorphic core complexes(MCCs) in the Transbaikalia-northeast Mongolia region. Using measured geological sections, microtectonics, estimates of finite strain and kinematic vorticity, and regional correlations and geochronology, we conclude that the Erguna Fault is an Early Cretaceous, NNE-trending, large-scale, sub-horizontal, and extensional ductile shear zone. It shares a similar tectonic background with the MCCs, volcanic fault basins, and large and super-large volcanic-hydrothermal deposits in Transbaikalia-northeast Mongolia and the western Great Khingan Mountains, all of which are the result of overthickened crust that gravitationally collapsed and extended in the Early Cretaceous after plate collision along the present-day Sino-Russia-Mongolia border tract.     

磨子潭-晓天断裂(晓天至佛子岭间)的构造分析

根据断裂带切割变质围岩中各期变形旋回形成的褶皱,断裂带中的断层岩为形成于地表条件下的角砾岩和碎裂岩并切割围岩中各种糜棱岩带,构成上侏罗统火山岩盆地的边界断层等特征,磨子潭-晓天断裂应是晚侏罗世形成于地表条件下的断层;根据断层附近上侏罗统砂岩夹层中的裂隙焊接,磨子潭-晓天断裂在晚侏罗世形成后,还有两次较强烈的活动。据地表、钻探和地震资料,断层面向北倾,倾角向深部变缓