内蒙呼包盆地晚更新世孢粉组合及其意义

本文是对内蒙呼包盆地内二级台地沉积物进行孢粉分析的总结。根据对孢粉资料的分析研究得出,该区二级台地沉积物堆积时期的古植被是由森林草原过渡到荒漠草原,气候由湿凉转向干冷。通过孢粉组合的对比,证明二级台地形成于晚更新世晚期,相当于萨拉乌苏组的地层时代     

川西安宁河Ⅰ～Ⅲ级阶地孢粉记录反映晚更新世以来古气候变化

植物孢子和花粉是理想的恢复环境变化的有机指标,对于第四纪地层划分和区域古气候的对比具有重要意义。本文在川西冕宁泸沽镇附近选取安宁河Ⅰ～Ⅲ级阶地剖面进行年代学测量和孢粉采样分析。结果表明:安宁河Ⅰ级阶形成时期为全新世,气候温和较湿或轻湿;Ⅱ级阶地沉积时期在晚更新世晚期或全新世早期,温度及湿度均比Ⅰ级阶地时低,在该时期无论植被和气候曾出现过两次以上比较明显的变化及波动;Ⅲ级阶地沉积时期为晚更新世中期,气候温和较湿或轻湿,堆积时期之温度及湿度均比Ⅱ级阶地时高,但又均比Ⅰ级阶地时低。同时探讨了安宁河阶地形成时期构造、气候的变化规律。根据河流的下切速率可以间接的推断晚更新世构造隆升速率大于晚更新世末期-全新世。     

甘肃静宁地区晚更新世晚期高分辨率的孢粉记录及其反映的气候变化

在AMS¹⁴C年代数据支持之下, 提供了甘肃静宁地区酸刺沟剖面高分辨率的花粉记录. 分析结果表明, 在44.2~11 kaBP期间, 静宁地区植被先后经过一系列的变化, 主要表现为森林和草原成分的相互消长, 44~29 kaBP期间(MIS3)气候以湿润为主, 发育针叶林, 温度低于现在; 23 kaBP之后, 气候冷干, 以稀疏草原为主, 在末次盛冰期植被甚至演化为荒漠草原. 北大西洋Heinrich事件发生时间和酸刺沟木本植物花粉含量显著降低的时间有很好的对应性, 尤其是在H3之后. 这说明Heinrich事件在孢粉记录中可以得到很好地反映.     

新疆罗布泊罗4井的孢粉组合及其意义

本文应用孢粉分析,对罗布泊罗4井沉积的地质时代和古环境进行了探讨。指出:沉积物堆积期间的气候下部干凉,上部温干,植被属荒漠类型,沉积物的地质时代为晚更新世至全新世。 罗布泊是我国最大的咸水湖,也是我国和世界上最为干燥的地区之一。为了探讨它的成因,恢复其地史时期的自然面貌,本文系统地研究了罗4井的孢粉,现就孢粉分析结果进行一些讨论     

广东平海晚更新世沉积的孢粉学证据

本剖面位于广东省惠东县平海镇东北约1公里的虎头山东南麓,临近海岸。本区第四纪松散沉积多为低山、丘陵之坡积、残积及冲积,出露零星,厚度薄。过去研究尚少。本文将通过松散沉积的孢粉分析,就其地质时代问题进行讨论。 一、岩性特征及分析结果 孢粉分析样品采自0—4.1米的露头剖面,主要为一套砂质粘土,含砂之泥炭及粉细砂等。共采孢粉分     

CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION OF ZOIGE BASIN SINCE LATE PLEISTOCENE AND ITS TECTONIC-CLIMATE SIGNIFICANCE

Since stratigraphic formation is influenced by tectonic activities and climate since late Pleistocene,it is important to build the stratigraphic sequence to improve the research of active tectonics,climatic change and landform factors.Zoige Basin is located in the eastern edge of Tibet Plateau where the tectonic is active and the Chinese monsoon is strong.The research of stratigraphic sequence is closely related to the tectonic activities and climate changes.Based on 26 typical stratum profiles revealed by lacustrine boreholes,terraces,peat deposits and trenching,203 isotope dating data were obtained by AMS and OSL methods.We conduct a stratigraphic correlation and classification in Zoige Basin since the Late Pleistocene.Sedimentary cycles are divided into six sedimentary rhythms (75~42ka,42~37ka,37~20ka,16~11ka,11~4ka and 4~0ka) and six marker beds (fine sand of 75~55ka and 22~20ka,gray silt deposit or gravel deposit of 13~9ka,black sandy clay containing carbonaceous deposits of 4ka,2ka and 0.3ka).There is a close relation between strata and tectonic-climate.On the one hand,sedimentary cycles coincide with climate change and have a good correspondence with ocean oxygen isotope.On the other hand,sedimentation characteristics is influenced by the persistent activities in neotectonic period of the east Kunlun fault zone on the north side and the Longrize fault zone on the west side.Marker beds and sedimentary cycles are compared with the strata in adjacent areas.It shows that climate change is the main factor affecting sedimentary cycle.The difference of stratum thickness and its spatial distribution is also affected by tectonic activity.     

延怀盆地晚更新世中晚期湖泊发育与气候变化

延怀盆地晚更新世发育湖相沉积。根据 4个中晚期湖相层剖面的孢粉分析鉴定结果 ,结合区内晚更新世湖相层的年代测定及湖泊发育的分期 ,恢复了发育于 55～ 2 6和 2 0～ 8kaB .P .时间段内的第 2 ,3期湖泊发育期间的古气候环境。延怀盆地晚更新世中晚期湖泊沉积反映了潮湿气候的特征     

浙江象山海滩岩的发现及其意义

作者于浙江象山爵溪首次发现了全新世海滩岩,并对其岩石学特征、同位素年龄、形成环境等进行了初步研究。爵溪海滩岩目前是我国分布位置最北的全新世海滩岩,据14C年龄测出该地3400多年来海岸的相对沉降速率为0.51mm/a     

福建深沪湾地区晚更新世中晚期以来的地壳运动

研究表明 ,深沪湾地区晚更新世早中期地壳运动以下沉为主 ,沉积了冲洪积含砾砂粘土层。晚更新世中晚期以来地壳先升后降 ,近 15 0 0aB .P .以来地壳较为稳定。在 (2 5 5 80± 2 4 90 )～15 4 6 0aB .P .期间 ,该区地壳与水动型海平面大致同步升高 ,上升幅度为 8m左右 ,速率达 0 .78mm/a ,深沪湾内生长了古牡蛎。 15 4 6 0～ 110 0 0aB .P .期间 ,该区地壳快速上升 ,上升幅度超过 10m ,速率超过 2mm/a ,形成多个由晚更新世含砾砂粘土构成的低凹洼地 ,古牡蛎滩成为台地。其后地壳稳定 ,在低凹洼地内生长了古森林。 70 0 0aB .P .深沪湾发生了由强古地震导致的地壳快速下沉 ,古森林生长的凹陷洼地变成泻湖环境 ,古牡蛎滩台地与海面很接近。 2 0 0 0aB .P .左右 ,深沪湾又一次发生由强古地震导致的地壳快速下沉 ,古森林下沉到更深的海底 ,古牡蛎滩回到潮间带海域     

鄂西三峡区域重力场特征及其地震构造意义

深大断裂的强烈活动不仅能造成深部地壳界面不连续(变异)和重力场的异常分布,同时在上部地壳有相应的显示。基于这一思路,本文利用重力资料计算反演了鄂西三峡地区地壳厚度分布、重力均衡状态,进而着重研究了地表线性断(破)裂系统和现代地壳运动特征(包括地震活动)。由此得出结论:三峡东部NNE向延伸的重力异常梯级带不是现代强烈活动的深部断裂(块)作用结果,即其深部似不存在孕育和发生强震的构造条件     

DISCUSSION ON THE TIMING AND ITS TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ANGULAR UNCONFORMITY IN HETAO BASIN IN THE LATE QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS

The interaction between the continental-continental collision of the Indian-Eurasian plate and the westward underthrusting of Pacific plate is generally considered to be the cause of the destruction of North China Craton. At present, there are still doubts in the researches worldwide about the dynamic mechanism of the formation and evolution of the Ordos peripheral fault-depression system and the contemporary tectonic stress field.
The Hetao Basin is a Cenozoic fault basin located between the Ordos block and the Yinshan Mountains. Due to the effect of uplift of the Tibet Plateau and the continuous subduction of the Pacific plate, graben faulting of different intensities occurred in different periods of Cenozoic around the Ordos block. Late Quaternary lacustrine facies sedimentary strata are widely developed in Hetao Basin. The Haolaigou profile, Bianqianhao profile and the Langshan profile in this study are all located in Hetao Basin. According to the lithology and structural analysis of the upper Pleistocene series in the three profiles, angular unconformities of phase 1-2 are recorded in the lacustrine facies sediments with a thickness of about 10m. The dating results of the Haolaigou profile, Bianqianhao profile and Langshan profile show that the formation time of both unconformities is 80ka BP.
Using the tectonic geology, Quaternary geology, stratigraphy, sedimentology and a variety of dating methods, we also carry out a comprehensive study and obtain the following results:
(1)The analysis of lithological and structural features of Haolaigou profile, Bianqianghao profile and Langshan profile in the Hetao Basin shows that multi-phase angular unconformities events are recorded in the lacustrine strata of a thickness of nearly 10m. These unconformities represent the tectonic movement in the late Pleistocene period since the 80ka BP and they may be widely distributed in the North China region. They are probably the direct products of the latest tectonic movement in the Quaternary period.
(2)The present tectonic movement initiates at about 80ka BP. It not only causes multiple angular unconformity events, but also leads to the disappearance of the Hetao ancient lake. The rapid regional epeirogenetic uplifting of the Ordos block since 76.4ka BP should also be the specific manifestation of this tectonic movement. Because of the influence of the accelerated uplifting and eastward spreading of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau in the late Quaternary, the NEE thrusting effect of the Ordos block is enhanced and affected.     

陕西省泾阳县龙泉乡地裂缝调查分析

通过野外地质调查的方法,对2007年1月陕西省泾阳县龙泉乡新出现的地裂缝进行了初步勘察。地裂缝主要沿清惠渠西干渠的两岸断续分布,上下两盘错距约5 cm,且都倾向于水渠一侧。结合该区地质地貌特征和地震前兆观测手段资料变化,对该次地裂缝的展布、性质、活动特征及地裂缝快速发展时期该区周围环境的变化情况进行了分析,表明由于长期干旱,清惠渠的西干渠在输水过程中渗漏,从而引起黄土自重湿陷,造成此次局部地质灾害。此地裂缝属于非构造性地裂缝。     

山东海阳断裂东石兰沟段晚更新世以来地表断错特征与最大潜在地震估计

海阳断裂是胶东半岛NE向牟平 -即墨断裂带东部一条规模较大的断裂 ,尽管晚更新世以来该断裂的地表断错活动总体上已基本停息 ,但东石兰沟段在晚更新世晚期以来仍有断错地表的活动。最后一次断错地表的活动发生在距今 3 7～ 1 2万年 ,但接近 1 2万年。地表破裂长度约6 5km ,活动段长度 8km。地表断错以走滑活动为主 ,可见最大倾滑位移 0 2m ;根据断层擦痕侧伏角推测最大水平位移 1 13m。最后一次断错地表的活动若以距今 1 2万年计算 ,则最大平均倾滑速率为 0 0 17mm/a ;最大平均右旋走滑速率为 0 0 94mm/a。野外观测到该活动段的断错活动表现为突发断错 ,根据地震地表破裂参数、活动段长度与地震的关系 ,估计其最大潜在地震为 6 级