'Limited Employment Areas': Striating the Spaces of Unemployment in New Zealand

This paper examines the recent policy announced by the Minister of Social Development that identifies a series of ‘Limited Employment Areas’ within which access to the unemployment benefit would be restricted. Drawing on Deleuze's ideas of striation and modulation the paper explores the intersection of governance, space, and risk that seems to be combined in the policy. The paper concludes by reflecting on the deployment of risk based on ontological claims about the spatiality of unemployment. In seeking to shape the decisions of benefit seekers, there seems to be an emerging mosaic of welfare provision as a direct consequence of governmental intent, rather than as a failure of governmental ability.     

Gender and Migration Policies in Southeast and East Asia: Legal Protection and Sociocultural Empowerment of Unskilled Migrant Women

This paper is concerned with how existing migration policies affect individual migrant women's choices, in particular, with the advancement, or consolidation, of a migrants' rights perspective. The focus is thereby on those migrants classified as unskilled, who constitute the largest and most vulnerable category among migrants. The analysis of migration policies has conventionally been approached from a state/government‐centred viewpoint that sees states as the key actors. This paper, however, emphasises a larger number of actors ‐ governmental and non‐governmental ‐ as well as the power relations among them to argue that protection through “legal regulation” in the absence of actual implementation is an incomplete solution to alleviate unfair labour conditions that migrants in general, and migrant women specifically, experience. Measures designed to “protect” migrants must be accompanied by measures that empower them, a role that has largely been taken on by existing migrant worker non‐governmental organisations (NGOs). Focussing on intra‐Asian migration flows in which Southeast Asia is the main labour sender and East Asia the receiver of Southeast Asian migrants, the paper explores the nexus between law and civic activism in the specific subject area of international labour migration and its gender implications.     

基于成本—收益的长三角地方政府的区域合作行为机制案例分析

在全球化和区域一体化背景下,区域合作已成为各地区应对全球化、增强竞争力的重要手段,政府又在促进区域合作中扮演着至关重要的角色。本文以博弈论和政府行为理论为基础,结合利益相关者和成本收益分析法,提出共享型、损益型、比较利益型三种地方政府合作模式及其成本—收益分析框架,并据此考察中国区域合作典范长三角地区的旅游、交通、环境三个关键领域的合作博弈案例,深入阐释基于成本—收益的政府不同合作模式的合作动力、行为及其策略等,使之丰富区域一体化和城市政府合作等研究,也为进一步推动长三角一体化提供科学参考。     

城市旅游与旅游城市的深化发展

城市旅游是以城市整体形象作为旅游吸引物,招徕游客进行各种游憩活动,其实质是人们对城市文明的向往与追求。一个城市要发展城市旅游,必须挖掘城市文明,提升城市的游憩功能,使城市转变为旅游城市,进而发展为优秀旅游城市。优秀旅游城市是城市旅游的品牌,它通过品牌效应直接影响旅游者的旅游决策,引发更多的城市旅游,从而实现城市旅游与旅游城市的互动发展。     

Trading in the dark – The medicinal plants production network in Uttarakhand

Medicinal plant cultivation and gathering can play a vital role in the course of livelihood diversification for the marginalized population living in remote areas. However, this requires an integration of the respective production networks that allows the producers a fair and reliable income and does not endanger rare plant species. This paper analyses the situation within the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and identifies structures and entities hindering medical plant cultivation and its potentials. Based on the broad network understanding of the Global Production Network approach, the case study focuses on the middlemen and their hidden embeddedness. It shows how governmental organizations and in particular non‐governmental organizations and farmers' institutions can help to overcome clandestine structures of illegal trade and contribute towards a redesign of the medicinal plant network in a more equitable and transparent way.     

闲暇时间约束对中山陵景区国内客源市场空间结构的影响

闲暇时间是旅游需求得以实现的必要条件之一,居民闲暇时间的变化必然对旅游地客源市场空间结构产生影响。选择"五一"小长假、"十一"黄金周及暑假3类6个不同闲暇时长的时段,基于现场问卷调研,使用客源地地理集中指数、客源吸引半径、距离衰减曲线及引力模型研究闲暇时间约束对南京市中山陵景区客源市场空间结构的影响,发现随着假日时长的增加,居民出游距离受闲暇时间的约束降低,从而旅游地客源吸引半径增大,客源地集中指数降低、距离衰减曲线变缓、距离衰减指数降低。研究结果表明,在不同时长的闲暇时间约束下,距离因素对景区客流量的影响最大,其次为收入(客源地人均地区生产总值),而客源地人口规模因素的影响最小。     

'In the shadow of hierarchy': meta-governance, policy reform and urban regeneration in the West Midlands

This paper explores the relationship between political hierarchy and the complex webs of political organization associated with urban governance. Deploying the concept of meta-governance and a study of urban policy reform in the West Midlands region of England, this paper claims that state and governmental hierarchies continue to have a crucial role in coordinating the activities of governance regimes in the UK. This paper concludes by considering the effects of hierarchical power on the systems of political participation and representation that are associated with urban governance.     

基于百度指数的温泉旅游网络关注度时空特征研究

旅游网络关注度是旅游者需求状况和行为习惯在网络上的直观表现。基于百度指数,运用变异系数、基尼系数、相关系数等统计分析指标,研究我国温泉旅游网络关注度的时空特征。结果表明:温泉旅游在网络上的关注度较高,但总体呈现下降的态势;月变化曲线呈"U"型,周变化曲线呈倒"V"型;"黄金周"期间温泉旅游网络关注度先升后降,"五一"假期前2天达到高峰随后下降,"五一"高峰比"十一"提前1~2天,春节比"十一"推迟1天。温泉旅游网络关注度的省际差异明显,差异度呈上升趋势,关注度较高的省份集中在东部经济发达地区;东部、中部、西部地区内部的关注度存在差异,西部地区内部差异最大。国内温泉旅游是一种非天然温泉依赖型旅游活动,区域经济发展水平决定了温泉旅游的发展程度,温泉旅游网络关注度的空间差异是区域温泉旅游发展程度、人民收入水平和获取旅游信息方式共同作用的结果。     

国际河流流域开发中的利益冲突及其关系协调--以澜沧江-湄公河为例

本文以澜沧江—湄公河为例，介绍了流域自然条件区域特征、重要的开发行动，分析了各流域国的关注点，及其流域开发中存在的国家间利益冲突，部门间利益冲突，国家、地方与个体之间的利益冲突，提出冲突存在的危害和冲突解决的可行性，并就澜沧江—湄公河流域开发中需要协调的利益关系提出具体建议。     

新西兰旅游研究及对我国的启示

为保持持续的竞争优势、增强旅游企业的发展能力和保证旅游研究成果在旅游决策中的应用,新西兰先后制定了3个旅游研究战略。新西兰旅游研究具有产业导向明显、广泛支持与参与、研究的连贯性和成果的应用性等特点。该文分析我国旅游研究的现状及其原因,从利益相关者的视角探讨我国旅游研究参与主体之间的关系,并借鉴新西兰的经验,从加强旅游研究的宏观管理、推进产业导向的旅游研究、建立健全旅游研究的合作机制等方面提出促进我国旅游研究发展的若干对策与措施。     

中国区域规划的演变与展望

在回顾了中国区域规划发展和演变的三个历史阶段基础上,阐述了在不同时期按不同名目开展的规划内容和特点,分析了当前存在的部门间竞相争夺规划空间的现象及其形成的国情背景。在展望未来中国区域规划发展将面临大好机遇的同时,着重就理顺规划体系、调整规划管理机构、制订区域规划法规、增加规划内容、改善空间管治等问题,提出一系列具体建议。     

Engaging communities in managing multiple hazards: Reflections from small islands in North Sulawesi,Indonesia

Participatory methods are a common approach for giving voice to local communities in hazard and disaster research. Drawing on a study that trialled and modified a range of participatory methods in North Sulawesi, eastern Indonesia, this paper reflects on how such methods help document the capacities of small island communities. We assessed capacity from a sustainable livelihoods perspective, identifying the assets that enable villagers to cope with hazards. This overall approach promoted a discourse of strengths and resourcefulness, contrasting with vulnerability and needs‐assessment approaches common to government and non‐governmental organizations, which tend to focus on weaknesses and can sometimes fuel undeliverable expectations of funding. We provide a critical reflection on participatory methods and their significance for researchers, policy makers and funding agencies working with communities in hazard‐prone regions.     

中国城镇化进程中新区的空间生产及其演化逻辑

城市新区是城镇化和经济发展的重要空间载体。改革开放后,新区在区域发展中发挥着重要作用,近些年则呈现爆发式增长,具有典型的空间生产特征。从空间的生产理论视角切入,聚焦中国城镇化过程中极具代表性的空间组织形式——新区的时空演化,发现新区的设立与发展是一个快速的三元辩证的空间生产过程：新区的“空间的表征”主要由自上而下的政府权力意志主导,“空间的实践”集中体现为类型与格局、距离与面积等空间要素的规模等级差异和区域分异,“表征的空间”则体现为政府权力与城市权利之间的紧张关系与策应机制。新区的空间生产与再生产具有时空序列下的统一性和连续性,但政府主导的空间组织模式也面临着行政区管理协调难度大和区域发展不平衡加剧等一系列挑战。批判地反思新区发展路径是新时代实现区域平衡充分发展与新型城镇化战略的基础和关键。     

20 世纪90 年代广州市从业人员的社会空间分异

1990 年以来中国城市的内城区传统工业向郊区外溢,郊区大量劳动密集型国际资本进驻等因素带来城市不同职业从业者的居住空间格局的重构。以1990 年、2000 年广州市“街道层面”的两次人口普查数据为主要数据源,借用经济学中的区位商指标,分析1990~2000 年广州市不同职业从业者的居住空间分异特征,发现工业、低端服务业、高端服务业及政府 机关职员等从业者呈现出差异化的空间分异特征。工业从业者的居住空间从内城区向近郊区、远郊区等转移,低端服务业从业者的居住地一直高度集中于内城区,高端服务业从业者聚居于政府机关附近和高校、科研机构密集区,政府机关职员居住区完全与政府机关相重合。就业地与居住地的临近性是20 世纪90 年代广州城市从业者居住空间最为显著的特征。旧城区产业结构调整、城市空间扩展、郊区国际生产资本进驻、政府为迎合全球化而进行的政策及空间的调整、土地开发与住房商品化以及原有国家事业机关“单位制”居住模式的惯性等成为1990~2000 年广州市不同职业从业者社会空间分异的主要原因。基于区位商的方法来分析不同职业从业者的居住空间分异,为深入解析城市社会空间分异提供了新的研究思路与方法。     

Development and Governmentality

The subjectivity of individuals, the so‐called speakers and hearers of political discourse, who actually, or even ideally, populate a state, needs to be understood in terms of enunciative modalities ‐ the statuses, sites, and positions ‐ of their existence as political subjects. Enunciative modalities refer to the ways a discursive practice is attached to bodies in space (Clifford, 2001:56).Governmental thought territorializes itself in different ways… We can analyze the ways in which the idea of a territorially bounded, politically governed nation state under sovereign authority took shape… One can trace anomalous governmental histories of smaller‐scale territories… and one can also think of these [as] spaces of enclosure that governmental thought has imagined and penetrated… how [does it] happen that social thought territorializes itself on the problem of [for example] the slum in the nineteenth century (Rose, 1999:34–36)?     

Oceanographic projects in Italy with a focus on the Venice Lagoon

In the first part of this paper an overview is given about governmental scientific projects related to the Mediterranean Sea in Italy. The focus of the projects will be on the nearshore and coastal zone. Examples of projects dealing with lagoons are presented. Some case studies are outlined. The second part of the paper deals with a historical view on the management of the Venice Lagoon as an example representing importance of human intervention. This part includes the interventions of the Venetian Republic diverting rivers that were discharging into the lagoon until the last projects to tame the floodings of the city of Venice.     

武陵源风景区环境质量评估

武陵源风景区较突出的环境问题主要表现在大气环境质量降低、水质恶化、生物多样性受到威胁等问题。本文在实地调查和与专家访谈的基础上设计函调问卷 ,通过对函调问卷的综合分析 ,构建武陵源旅游区生态环境质量评价模型 ,对旅游区的旅游环境质量做出了评判。研究发现 ,尽管从总体上看 ,武陵源风景区自然生态环境、社会文化环境与旅游资源环境比较优越 ,但从评估的结果看 ,由于武陵源旅游区前期的开发力度过大 ,某些地方的无序开发已经导致了一系列的环境问题。有鉴于此 ,本文提出了武陵源风景区环境管理的具体建议。     

Filling the gap: The geospatial skills shortage in New Zealand

Geospatial technologies span governmental, academic and private commercial sectors, and their potential for growth is considerable. The USA and Australia have trouble meeting demand for geospatial skills. This paper reports on a national survey of 157 organisations that identified a similar geospatial shortage in New Zealand. The paper also details dimensions of the shortage and the current frameworks for meeting the shortfall of skilled professionals. Arising from this skills gap, key challenges facing both the geography and geospatial communities are identified and discussed: raising student numbers, gaining experience, up‐skilling current professionals and raising awareness of the value of the geospatial skillset.     

COVID-19疫情影响下的“五一”小长假城际出行特征与影响因素

科学评估重大公共卫生事件扰动对节假日城际出行活动的影响对于科学预防疫情传播、提升城际出行安全性具有重要意义。文章利用百度迁徙平台提供的城际出行数据,系统探讨了COVID-19疫情影响下的“五一”小长假城际出行规模时序变化、格局变化与出行流格局特征,并基于空间计量模型剖析了疫情与节假日叠加背景下的城际出行影响因素。结果表明：受COVID-19疫情影响,2020年“五一”小长假期间的城际出行规模同比下降达46.0%,时段波动主要表现为省内波动,省外城际出行总体较为平稳;COVID-19疫情对城际出行的影响呈现出东北>东中部>西部的特征;COVID-19疫情显著降低了“五一”小长假城际出行范围,相较于正常期70%的城际出行联系集中在400km范围内,疫情影响下的70%的城际出行联系集中在250 km范围以内;GDP、城镇化率、行政等级等城市规模吸引力因素,公路密度与高铁等交通变量是影响“五一”期间城际出行的主要因素,但各变量对城际出行的影响在“五一”不同时段具有时间异质性。公路密度与有无高铁具有显著的正向作用;城镇化率在出行期与返程期对城际出行分别起到了显著负向与正向作用;旅游资源丰富度仅在出行期显著。     

From economic integration to socioeconomic inclusion: day labor worker centers as social intermediaries

Day labor worker centers have emerged as an important mode of regulatory action in the informal economy of major US cities. Research suggests that these organizations are beneficial in improving employment outcomes experienced by migrant workers engaged in this labor market sector. Yet, the extent to which these organizations impact the social integration of this working population remains relatively undeveloped in the literature. Using data from the National Day Labor Survey, we examine the impact of day labor worker centers on the level of social inclusion experienced by migrant day laborers. We find that worker centers have a modest, but statistically significant, impact on the levels of social integration experienced by this working population and that this varies from city to city. Ultimately we argue that the social intermediary role of these organizations may offer a type of counter mobilization necessary to promote the socioeconomic integration of this working population, but that issues of capacity remain.