共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
对 1 98 8年 1 2月 2 5 - 2 6日在长城站附近海区采集的南极鳕鱼胃含物进行了初步分析。结果表明食物的主要种类有底栖动物 6种和钩虾多种 ,浮游动物 3种 ,海藻 8种。底栖动物占食物量的 5 2 .82 % ,其中帽贝占 1 0 .77% ,钩虾类占 3 3 .78% ;浮游动物占 6 .74% ,其中磷虾占 5 .47% ;海藻占 3 5 .49% ,其中紫菜占 6 .3 5 % ,倒卵银杏藻占 1 8.96 %。鱼的体重与体长相关显著 ,相关系数是 0 .96。分析结果反映了南极鳕鱼的食物来源主要是底栖动物和海藻 相似文献
4.
2016年至2018年每年的12月,在黄河合阳至大荔段湿地,对越冬水鸟进行了调查和研究。研究结果表明,在该河段共记录越冬水鸟45种,隶属于8目13科31属,其中,有国家一级保护鸟类2种,分别为黑鹳(Ciconia nigra)和大鸨(Otis tarda),有国家二级保护鸟类3种,分别为大天鹅(Cygnus cygnus)、灰鹤(Grus grus)和白琵鹭(Platalea leucorodia);在45种越冬水鸟中,雁形目鸭科(Anatidae)物种的数量最多,为17种;调查区水鸟群落的优势种为绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)、绿翅鸭(Anas crecca)、赤麻鸭(Tadorna ferruginea)、白骨顶(Fulica atra)和灰鹤;2016年12月与2017年12月的水鸟群落相似性指数最高;2017年12月水鸟群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(3.658)和Pielou均匀性指数(0.732)都相对最大,2018年12月水鸟群落的Margalef丰富度指数(7.328)相对最大;人类活动对水鸟的干扰强度以弱干扰强度为主,黄河合阳至大荔段湿地的生态环境在不断改善。 相似文献
5.
2019年11月9日—2020年1月20日在甘肃省张掖国家湿地公园4个湖域采取目标动物取样法,观察并记录了不同湖域越冬水鸟的警戒行为和游客人数,分析了水鸟对人为干扰响应的个体差异及其影响因素。本研究共调查到水鸟15种,隶属于5目5科11属。结果表明:不同湖域越冬水鸟的种类和数量呈极显著差异(P<0.01),其中鸳鸯湖和润泽湖的水鸟种类和数量较多(P<0.01),人工湖和如意湖的水鸟种类和数量较少(P<0.01);水鸟的反应距离、耐受距离在不同水域间呈极显著差异(P<0.01),惊飞距离在不同水域间无显著差异(P>0.05)。游客人数与水鸟警戒距离呈显著负相关(P<0.05),但与耐受距离和惊飞距离无显著相关性(P>0.05)。单因素方差分析结果表明,不同水鸟的反应距离、耐受距离和惊飞距离均存在极显著的种间差异性(P<0.01),其中渔鸥的反应距离最大,小??的反应距离最小(P<0.05);绿头鸭的耐受距离最大,凤头??的耐受距离最小(P<0.05);苍鹭的惊飞距离最大,绿头鸭的惊飞距离最小(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果表明,惊飞距离与水鸟的体长呈极显著正相关(P<0.05),与耐受距离无显著相关性(P>0.05)。 相似文献
6.
7.
2009年9月~2010年9月在新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南缘采集了15个大沙鼠洞区的粪样和研究区域内所有植物标本,采用粪便显微组织学分析方法分析了不同季节大沙鼠的食性,并初步探讨了其食性与周围环境的关系.结果表明大沙鼠食性广,采食植物种类共计13科25种.春季大沙鼠的主要食物是囊果苔草(Carex physodes)(45.21%)和尖喙牻牛儿苗(Erodium oxyrrhynchum)(15.25%),夏季的主要食物是虫实(Corispermum sp.)(28.16%)、沙漠绢蒿(Seriphidium santolinum)( 17.98%)、沙蒿(Artemisia desertorum)(12.32%)、膜果麻黄(Ephedra przewalskii)(11.91%)和对节刺(Horaninowia ulicina)(10.29%),秋季和冬季的主要食物是梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron),所占食物组成比例分别为81.53%和79.95%.对大沙鼠食物组成季节间相似指数统计结果表明,仅在秋冬季节间相似性很高(0.99),其余季节间相似性均相对较低(0.23 ~0.28).大沙鼠以栖息环境中的大宗植物为主要食物,其食性随不同分布区建群植物不同而变化.大沙鼠食物组成的季节性变化与其栖息环境中植物物候的季节性变化规律相吻合.梭梭仅在秋冬季成为大沙鼠的主要食物,而在春夏季节鲜被采食. 相似文献
8.
丹顶鹤越冬期在人工湿地的夜栖分布 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在盐城国家级自然保护区人工湿地内,通过对丹顶鹤越冬期间夜栖地的调查,得出鹤群夜栖分布及其动态规律,并提出对该种群与夜栖地的管理措施。该项工作主要借助望远镜、GPS.照相机,采用直接计数法统计数量和利用文献资料数据。结果表明:人工湿地中丹顶鹤的夜栖分布随着环境的改变而改变,其中安全度和水位为其主要限制因子。因此控制人工湿地冬季水位,保护栖息环境不受人为影响是丹顶鹤安全越冬的主要保护措施。 相似文献
9.
北京城市蔓延的测度与分析 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
Concerning about the rapid urban growth in recent China, this study takes Beijing as a case and puts forward that urban sprawl can be measured from spatial configuration, urban growth efficiency and external impacts, and then develops a geo-spatial indices system for measuring sprawl, a total of 13 indicators. In order to calculate these indices, different sources data are selected, including land use maps, former land use planning, land price and floor-area-ratio samples, digitized map of the highways and city centers, population and GDP statistical data, etc. Various GIS spatial analysis methods are used to spatialize these indices into 100m×100m cells. Besides, an integrated urban sprawl index is calculated by weight sum of these 13 indices. The application result indicates that geo-spatial indices system can capture most of the typical features and interior differentia of urban sprawl. Construction land in Beijing has kept fast growing with large amount, low efficiency and disordered spatial configuration, indicating a typical sprawling tendency. The following specific sprawl features are identified by each indicator: (1) typical spatial configuration of sprawling: obvious fragmentation and irregularity of landscape due to unsuccessful enforcement of land use planning, unadvisable pattern of typical discontinuous development, strip development and leapfrog development; (2) low efficiency of sprawl: low development density, low population density and economic output in newly developed area; and (3) negative impacts on agriculture, environment and city life. According to the integrated sprawl index, the sprawling amount in the northern part is larger than that in the southern, but the sprawling extent is in converse case; most sprawling area include the marginal area of the near suburbs and the area between highways, etc. Four sprawling patterns are identified: randomly expansion at urban fringe, strip development along or between highways, scattered development of industrial land, leapfrog development of urban residence and industrial area. 相似文献
10.
11.
Yeya Lake Wetlands are the largest site for wintering birds in Beijing, where common cranes(Grus grus)winters every year. The land cover of the wetlands has undergone distinct changes from 2006 to 2009 as a result of human activities. In 2006, a survey of the presence/absence of the birds was completed using a line-transect method.A predictive model of habitat suitability was derived by using logistic regression and geographic information system.Then, this habitat suitability model was applied in 2009 under the land use change to test the effectiveness of the model and compare the habitat suitability between 2 years. The negative associations between Grus grus presence and increasing elevation, distances to grassland, to farmland, to bush, and to road suggested a preference for low lying areas in close proximity to food and cover. While the positive associations with distances to buildings and to water suggested a preference for low disturbance areas. The areas of suitable habitats increased from 2006 to 2009, and the spatial model was effective in both years. Habitat preference of Grus grus varied in land use types, therefore habitat suitability dynamics might possibly relate to land use change and thereby be predictable through a geographic information system approach. Although the obtained model had a good fit in both years, it was suspected that if frequent human activities continued, the number of Grus grus might decrease or disappear in this area. According to the field survey, the spacious water area was essential for wintering birds and the risks from loss of lake water and unfavorable crop practices might dramatically change the quality of each type of land use. 相似文献
12.
北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区冬季鸟类生境选择研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
于2007年10月至2008年3月对北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区进行了鸟类多样性调查,共记录到鸟类69种,隶属13目24科45属.优势种鸟类9种,常见种8种,稀有种52种,与湿地关系密切的游禽和涉禽占优势地位.利用高分辨率遥感图像,在"3S"技术的支持下,确定鸟类分布的模拟样方,以调查鸟类生境,共调查了16个可能影响保护区冬季鸟类栖息地分布的变量.通过独立两样本t检验与卡方检验的方法筛选出其中的10个主要变量,最后采用主成分分析的方法确定了5个影响鸟类生境选择的主要成分.结果表明,鸟类生境选择角度具有多向性的特点,景观因子、干扰因子和水因子是主要的影响因子.由于冰的隔离作用成为冬季鸟类自我保护的主要方式,水域的宽阔性对于冬季鸟类的生境选择具有重要意义.建议在对野鸭湖湿地自然保护区冬季鸟类采取保护措施时,必须重视水环境的恢复、各种人为干扰的消除以及系统保护的加强. 相似文献
13.
14.
北京野鸭湖湿地资源变化特征 总被引:22,自引:3,他引:19
湿地是自然界的生态系统和景观类型,具有巨大的资源潜力和环境功能。长期以来,由于人类活动影响造成的湿地景观巨大变化,不仅仅改变了湿地景观原有的功能,而且对湿地环境产生重要影响。基于RS、GIS技术,通过对北京野鸭湖湿地的Landsat-TM影像和印度IRS影像进行融合处理,得到分辨率高的多光谱图像。结合实地调查,建立解译标志,运用ArcGIS9.0进行矢量化、空间分析和数据统计功能,并统计植被覆盖变化,分析研究1998~2004年野鸭湖湿地资源变化特征。在上述技术路线和研究方法的基础上,总结出该区域的湿地变化特征,最后应用累积效应的原理和方法,对深入研究的科学问题进行了展望,提出一些需要深入探讨的问题。 相似文献
15.
北京地区湿地高等植物区系分析 总被引:2,自引:5,他引:2
根据工作需要,在北京4个水系的主要河流的平原地段和山区的上、中游地段,选取不同生境的典型样地,以及城区的人工湖泊共设立了35个采集点,采用样方法和样带法相结合,共调查样方355个,采集样本4 152个。在该调查资料的基础上,运用区系学原理对北京地区湿地高等植物区系的种类组成、地理成分(科、属、种3个层次)等进行了系统的分析。结果表明,北京地区湿地高等植物共有108科311属552种(含山区湿地),占北京植物总数的近1/3。其中苔藓植物(B ryohyto)有9科15属18种;蕨类植物(Pteridophgta)5科5属8种;裸子植物(Gymnosperm ae)3科5属6种;被子植物(Angiosperm ae)91科286属520种。种子植物中含20种以上的有5科,共210种;含5种以上的属有14个属,共114种。北京地区湿地植物的分布(即地理成分)较复杂。北京湿地种子植物属的分布区类型有15个类型,9个变型,温带地区类型占主导,温带成分较丰富(属数、种类、比例均占首位)。本区植物区系的主要特征为:①草本植物发达;②温带成分占优势地位;③区系起源古老;④特有属、种匮乏;⑤分布区类型具多样性。 相似文献
16.
17.
Currently, the topic of food waste and its environmental impacts is attracting increasing attention among academic researchers. Based on an investigation of restaurants in Beijing, this study analyzes the quantities, structures, characteristics and costs of the agricultural resources related to food waste in the catering industry in Beijing. The results show that: (1) The average food waste per capita per meal is about 75.02 g (raw) for food away from home among Beijing urban residents, which means that about 10.52% of the food is wasted. (2) According to the quantitative ranking of different categories of food waste, vegetable is the most wasted, followed by meat, aquatic products, and grains. The foods in the other categories are wasted much less. (3) Food waste is affected by the restaurant type, as well as the number, gender, age, education level, and consumption motivation of the consumers. (4) Based on the estimated food waste per capita, about 417.92 thousand tons of food is wasted annually at the consumption stage in the catering industry in Beijing. This food waste amount is equivalent to approximately 765.53 tons of cereals which are wasted, and this represents 79.66% of cereals production and 13.15% of cereals consumption in Beijing. Estimated by the required land use, this amount of food waste means that the total production of approximately 166.12 thousand ha of arable land is being wasted in Beijing. 相似文献
18.
19.
北京汉石桥湿地植物群落优势种的种间关系研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
在对汉石桥湿地植物群落调查的基础上,选取19个优势种,采用χ^2检验、Jaccard关联指数和Spearman秩相关分析进行了湿地植物群落种间关系研究。结果表明:汉石桥湿地植物群落优势种群间多呈负关联,显著和极显著关联种对数量少;Spearman秩相关分析结果优于χ^2检验;根据分析结果将19个优势物种划分为水生植物种组、湿生植物种组和中生植物种组3个生态种组,同一生态种组内种群的生态要求和对资源的利用方式类似,不同生态种组间种群关系相对较为松散。 相似文献