山西朔州市北邢家河饮用天然矿泉水

朔州市北邢家河村ＳＢ－２井，为第四系松散层孔隙承压水，井深７ｌｍ，水位埋深１０．０５ｍ。动水位埋深１７．８ｍ，涌水量５８．８５ｍ￣３／ｈ。经权威部门理化检测，省级评审确认该井水为低矿化度、锶、重碳酸钙·镁型饮用天然矿泉水，具良好的开发利用条件。     

朔州古长城天然矿泉水水质评价

朔州市古长城（九墩沟）饮用天然矿泉水出露于朔州市平鲁区北部古长城脚下的九墩沟村。经山西省饮用天然矿泉水技术评审组审查鉴定，该矿泉水为一低钠、低矿化度、锶矿泉水，可以开发利用。太原枣沟Ｔ＿Ｄ－６井岩溶水为锶矿泉水，也是山西迄今发现的第一大流量饮用优质矿泉水井，水质好，低钠，水量大，保证可采资源量达２．４万ｍ￣３／ｄ，埋藏深，水质不易受到污染，而有利于开发利用和长期占领矿泉水市场。     

山西阳城开明寺泉饮用天然矿泉水

开明寺泉饮用天然矿泉水赋存于二叠系上石盒子组砂岩断层带中，属裂隙断层上升泉。最枯流量１５ｍ＾３／ｄ。经权威部门系统理化检验，省级及国家级评审确认为属含锶、低钠、重碳酸钙型饮用天然矿泉水，且氡气含量较高，具医疗保健之功效。     

武安市白岗锶—偏硅酸饮用天然矿泉水

邯邢地区是铁矿和煤炭生产基地，区域水文地质条件基本查清。二叠系上统上石盒子组长石石英砂岩及燕山期闪长岩类，为矿泉水赋存的主要含水层。由于受ＳＮ及ＮＮＥ向断层的切割，岩岩被分成若干块段。各块段间含水层互不联系，构成独立的含水系统。由Ｆ２２和Ｆ２３断层构成的白岗块段，形成了独具一格的白岗矿泉水水源地。矿泉水受区域奥陶系下层灰岩水沿断层的顶托补给，单井最大允许开采量达５１．２３ｍ＾３／ｈ。地下水在径流途     

芦芽山三井饮用天然矿泉水的形成条件及水质特征

位于苛岚芦芽山三井的饮用天然矿泉水产于中上寒武统的石灰岩地层含水组中，属低钠低矿化度锶矿泉水，水化学类型为ＨＣＯ＿３－Ｃａ·Ｍｇ水。该井水未受任何污染，水量充足，动态稳定，水质纯正，开发前景良好。     

沁水柿庄饮用天然矿泉水水质特征

沁水柿庄饮用天然矿泉水出露于柿在村北端氏小河的一级阶地上。二叠系上石盒子组砂页岩是其主要含水段。经系统监测及理化检验，水位、水量、水质动态稳定，属低钠、低矿化度锶矿泉水。泉区自然环境良好，无工业污染，有利于环境保护及矿泉水开发利用。     

五台山泉啤酒厂锶矿泉水水质评价

位于五台东冶镇的五台山泉啤酒厂饮用天然矿泉水，来源于滹沱群东冶亚群以白云岩为主的岩溶裂隙水含水岩组，为远源深层锶矿泉水，水化学类型为ＨＣＯ＿３－Ｃａ·Ｍｇ型。监测确认开采量为１９２０ｍ￣３／ｄ。该矿泉水作为五台山泉啤酒的基液是有科学依据的。     

邯郸市西老鸦峪天然矿泉水水质特征

西老鸦峪饮用天然矿泉水，赋存于奥陶系中统峰峰组灰岩中，为深成承压岩溶裂隙水，水量丰富。经省、部两级鉴定，确认为低钠、低矿化度含锡的重碳酸钙·镁型饮用天然矿泉水。现已开发利用，生产瓶装天然矿泉水。     

临城煤矿临9井饮用天然矿泉水评价

临城煤矿临９井是已开采１０余ａ的矿区生活供水井。１９９３年初，发现水中含微量元素锶，后经勘查评价，竞是一眼含锶的低矿化度、低钠优质矿泉水，味道甘甜可口，水量丰富稳定，地质环境良好。１９９４年５月，经河北省饮用天然矿泉水技术评审组评审，各项指标均符合饮用天然矿泉水国家标准，河北省矿产储量委员会１９９４年６月批准允许开采量为１５００ｍ＾３／ｄ，可建设一个较大型的矿泉水厂。     

太原市森林公园Tc－S_2自流井饮用天然矿泉水水质特征

Ｔｃ－Ｓ＿２自流井饮用天然矿泉水位于正在建设的太原市森林公园内。经检测鉴定，矿泉水水质优良，为低钠、低矿化度、锶矿泉水，完全符合国际流行口味。自流井水量充沛，日自流量大于１０００ｍ￣３，承压水头高达２６．４０ｍ。具有良好的开发利用前景。     

克拉苏冲断带深层碎屑岩有效储层物性下限及控制因素

库车坳陷克拉苏冲断带深层白垩系碎屑岩储层为研究区内一套优质储层和主要产层,埋深2 300~7 900 m,取心偏少,有效储层分布预测难度大.综合运用岩心、储层实验分析和测井、压汞、试油等资料,分别利用分布函数曲线法、含水饱和度上限值法、最小有效孔喉半径法及排驱压力法,求取了白垩系巴什基奇克组储层不同深度下有效储层的物性下限,并运用回归分析方法求取了物性下限与深度之间的函数方程,实现了物性下限与深度的动态拟合.结果表明:研究区内有效储层孔隙度下限取2.63%,有效储层埋深下限预测达8 320 m;而理论上,克拉苏冲断带有效储层孔隙度下限可达1.69%,埋深下限可达9 860 m,勘探前景非常广阔.本文在物性下限研究的基础上,结合岩性特征、埋深、地层压力及成岩作用特征探讨了深层有效储层发育的控制因素.储层质量差异主要受控于储层的埋深、溶蚀作用及构造破裂作用.     

天津市南部平原区雾迷山组热储岩溶裂隙发育规律

蓟县系雾迷山组是天津主力开发的热储层位,对这套地层的研究主要集中在热储层温度场、动力场、水化学场和地表水回灌等方面,在热储岩溶裂隙方面的研究较少。通过对天津市138眼雾迷山组地热井的完井和测井资料进行对比分析,统计了不同构造单元雾迷山组一、二类裂缝发育,热储顶板埋深,地热井单位涌水量和上覆不同地层的情况,总结了其岩溶裂隙发育规律。结果表明: 雾迷山组岩溶裂隙较发育,漏失部位距热储顶板埋深距离集中在100 m以浅; 热储顶部岩溶发育,裂隙发育受上覆不同地层的影响不大,裂隙发育与该层顶板埋深的相关性不明显,但整体上有裂隙发育随顶板埋深加大而略有减小的趋势; 地热井的单位涌水量随裂隙发育程度的增大而变大; 热储裂隙比集中在0.1~0.4,受构造影响,在张性断裂构造带、断裂交汇和背斜轴部热储构造裂隙较发育。研究结果可为天津市雾迷山组地热的有效开发利用与地热钻探提供参考。     

准噶尔盆地腹部深层储层物性保存过程多因素耦合分析

准噶尔盆地腹部莫索湾地区深层三工河组储层主体埋深在3 800~4 600 m之间,但储层物性条件相对优越,是盆地腹部油气勘探和发现的重点层位之一,因此明确其优质储层物性保存多因素耦合关系及成因机理对后期油气勘探开发具有重要意义。通过岩石薄片、扫描电镜、物性、黏土矿物X衍射等分析测试及钻测井资料,在物性保存单因素分析基础上,结合地层埋藏史及区域构造演化,从多因素间演化匹配关系出发详细讨论了莫索湾地区三工河组深层优质储层的物性保存过程。结果表明:优势沉积条件、地层超压、成岩流体碱性到酸性的转变、较低的古地温,4类单因素分别使储层物性得以有效保存。而储层物性保存过程最终可划分为5个演化阶段,且在不同演化阶段物性保存的主控因素也不同。缓慢浅埋期主控因素为浅埋深和地层超压的初始形成;第一次快速深埋早-中期为地层超压;第一次快速深埋晚期至缓慢深埋早-中期由超压转变为胶结物的固结;缓慢深埋中-后期为低地温梯度及有机酸的溶蚀;第二次快速深埋-现今为超压及地温梯度的降低,并最终建立三工河组综合成岩及油气聚集模式。     

东营凹陷古近系升藿烷生物标志物参数分布及演变规律

为研究实际地质体或地质剖面中的C31到C3517α(H), 21β(H)升藿烷生物标志物构型转化参数22S/(22S+22R)及升藿烷指数C35/∑（C31—C35)等的分布、演化特征,对东营凹陷主要烃源岩层系古近系沙河街组三段（淡水—微咸水层系）和沙河街组四段（咸水层系）的系列样品进行了研究,分析样品来源于1 300~4 000的暗色泥岩,其中2 800~4 000 m的样品对应于东营凹陷古近系烃源岩的生油初期到生油晚期。研究结果表明,C31、C32、C33、C34、C35升藿烷（17α(H), 21β(H)）构型转化参数的分布除与异构体之间的手性碳立体构型转化作用有关外,不同异构体之间降解或裂解速率和新生成速率的差异也是其主要控制因素,沉积环境（如高盐环境）也在一定程度上影响了其分布;从未熟—低熟状态到成熟状态,相关升藿烷构型转化参数22S/(22S+22R)总体均表现出随埋藏深度增大而加大的特点,并从离散状态聚集到热演化的平衡状态附近;在到达成熟状态后,相关升藿烷的构型转化参数22S/(22S+22R)从缓慢增大过渡到一个持续的热演化平衡状态,并且该构型转化参数的热演化平衡状态对应于生油门限附近;在高盐环境中除C33升藿烷保持不变的热演化平衡状态外,其它升藿烷均呈现不同幅度的逆转特征,表明高含量的盐类矿物对升藿烷成熟度参数亦具有抑制作用或迟缓效应;C31、C32、C33、C34、C3517α升藿烷之间的22S/(22S+22R)分布型式复杂多变,其中对于成熟源岩样品,C35升藿烷22S/(22S+22R)值变化强烈,表现出“翘尾”状的上升型特征和“坠尾”状的下降型特征,而对于低熟—未熟样品, C32升藿烷的22S/(22S+22R)显示相对高值,并且多数样品显示为C31C33C35的偶数碳优势的特征;研究显示C31到C33升藿烷的构型转化参数S/(S+R)热演化平衡值均为0.6,而C34 S/(S+R)及C35S/(S+R)热演化平衡值相对较高,沙三段、沙四段的C34 S/(S+R)及沙四段的C35S/(S+R)分别达到0.63、0.62、0.65;升藿烷指数C35/∑（C31—C35)受热演化影响也比较明显,在生油期间随着埋藏深度增加而减小,在高盐环境中表现出相对高值,研究表明该指数的变化与其22R异构体演化有关,并且参数C31/∑（C31—C35）、C32/∑（C31—C35）、C33/∑（C31—C35）、C34/∑（C31—C35）、C35/∑（C31—C35)演化特征截然不同。     

Diffusion and mass balance of Mg during early dolomite formation,Monterey Formation

Diffusion from overlying seawater is capable of supplying enough Mg to account for all of the early diagenetic dolomite observed in the Monterey Formation (0.5–20 vol %). The amount formed depends on the Mg flux magnitude into the sediment, which is proportional to the rate of dolomite precipitation and inversely proportional to the sediment accumulation rate. The amount of dolomite formed is calculated for accumulation rates of 50 and 600 m/Ma, using reaction rate constants obtained from the Mg concentration profile of DSDP sites 479, 533 and 147, and proposed profiles that assume significant dolomite formation in the uppermost tens of meters of sediment. Advective pore water flow from compaction decreases the Mg flux and becomes increasingly significant as the accumulation rate increases and the reaction rate decreases. Advection alone during compaction supplies sufficient Mg to account for a realistic maximum of 2 vol % dolostone within a compacted section. An approximate evaluation of the Rayleigh number suggests that the low permeability of siliceous ooze prevents convective fluid flow at shallow burial depths.The Mg mass balance is calculated from dolomite abundance in Monterey Formation sections, Santa Maria basin area, California. Pore water and solid particle velocities are calculated as a function of sediment depth using a porosity-depth relation for average siliceous sediment based on a composite of DSDP data. The bulk sediment diffusion coefficient increases with sediment depth at a rate proportional to the geothermal gradient. At shallow burial depths seawater is probably the only significant source of Mg; dolomite, volcanic ash, and clay minerals are the only significant sinks. Clay mineral, organic matter, and silica diagenesis may provide additional Mg at deeper burial depths. The more or less regular spacing of dolomitic layers may be controlled by the residence time of the dolomite forming layer within the uppermost sediment, where the Mg flux is a maximum.     

下扬子地区大隆组页岩孔隙发育特征及主控因素

为了研究下扬子地区二叠系大隆组页岩孔隙结构特征,联合扫描电镜、高压压汞、N₂/CO₂气体吸附实验手段对页岩储层孔隙结构进行了研究。结果表明,研究区二叠系大隆组页岩孔隙类型以有机质孔、粒间孔、粒内孔、溶蚀孔和微裂缝为主;孔隙结构为多峰态-多尺度孔隙并存,微孔-介孔-宏孔都有发育,各个尺度的孔隙对孔容都有所贡献,其中以0.75～1.5 nm的微孔、10～35 nm的介孔及大于100 nm的宏孔为主。通过拟合孔体积、比表面积与埋深、有机碳(TOC)、成熟度(R_O)以及矿物含量的相关性发现,微孔表面积与埋深、TOC呈正相关;微介孔体积和表面积均与R_O呈负相关;宏孔体积与埋深、TOC、黏土矿物含量呈负相关,与R_O呈较正相关;宏孔表面积与埋深成正比,与R_O成反比。研究结果说明下扬子地区大隆组页岩孔隙发育主要受控于埋深、TOC、R_O、黏土矿物含量等因素。     

Analysis of evaporation of high-salinity phreatic water at a burial depth of 0 m in an arid area

High-salinity phreatic water refers to which with total dissolved solids(TDS)30 g/L. Previous studies have shown that high salinity phreatic water evaporation is different at different depths. High salinity phreatic water evaporation under 0 m depth is the basis of the high salinity phreatic water evaporation studies. In this study, evaporation of high-salinity phreatic water at a burial depth of 0 m in arid area was investigated. New insights were gained on evaporation mechanisms via experiments conducted on high-salinity phreatic water with TDS of 100 g/L at 0 m at the study site at Changji Groundwater Balance Experiment Site, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China, where the lithology of the vadose(unsaturated zone) was silty clay. Comparison was made on the data of high-salinity phreatic water evaporation, water surface evaporation(E_(Φ20)) and meteorological data obtained in two complete hydrological years from April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2014. The experiments demonstrated that when the lithology of the vadose zone is silty clay, the burial depth is 0 m and the TDS is 100 g/L, intra-annual variation of phreatic water evaporation is the opposite to the variation of atmospheric evaporation E_(Φ20) and air temperature. The salt crust formed by the evaporation of high-salinity phreatic water has a strong inhibitory effect on phreatic water evaporation. Large volumes of precipitation can reduce such an inhibitory effect. During freezing periods, surface snow cover can promote the evaporation of high-salinity phreatic water at 0 m; the thicker the snow cover, the more apparent this effect is.     

四川盆地志留系龙马溪组页岩与美国Fort Worth盆地石炭系Barnett组页岩地质特征对比

从沉积学、地球化学、生烃演化、构造演化等方面,对美国Fort Worth盆地石炭系Barnett页岩和四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组页岩进行了对比性研究,发现四川盆地志留系,特别是川南志留系页岩气具有较好的勘探前景。2套烃源岩共性与个性共存,具有相似的沉积背景、厚度、有机质类型(Ⅰ~Ⅱ1)和生烃演化史。但是,Barnett页岩TOC值较高(3%~13%)、相对富集脆性矿物、页岩的微孔隙发育;龙马溪组页岩埋藏较深(一般2000~4000m)、相对富集粘土矿物,且具有较高的成熟度(普遍Ro>2%)、较大的隆升幅度和较快的隆升速率(3000m/80Ma)。     

Near‐isochemical evolution of clay mineral assemblages in differentially buried volcaniclastic sediments,the Late Miocene Upper Red Formation,Iran

The Upper Red Formation (URF) comprises over 1–5 km of late Miocene siliciclastic sediments in the Central Iran Basin. The formation is dominated by volcaniclastic conglomerates and arenites. The prevailing arid conditions during most of the basin's history resulted in deposition of predominantly organic‐poor, red sediments with gypsum and zeolites. This investigation concentrates on the mineralogy and geochemistry of the URF in the southern and northern margins of the basin where the formation was buried to depths of 2.4 and 6.6 km, respectively. Fine fraction mineral separates from the southern margin consist of nearly pure smectite and zeolites at a depth of 400 m and smectite with minor quartz and calcite at 1800 m. Shallow samples (1350 m) from the northern section are rich in smectite, illite/smectite with some discrete illite and chlorite. This assemblage is progressively replaced by discrete illite and chlorite with increasing burial depth so that only these two minerals are found at depths greater than 4300 m. The initial alteration process involved replacement of glass and volcanic lithics by smectite and zeolites in both margins of the basin. Increased depth of burial in the northern margin resulted in the progressive isochemical alteration of smectite to discrete illite and chlorite. Diagenesis of clay assemblages occurred essentially in a closed system. Solute products of glass hydrolysis reactions were retained in highly alkaline, saline ground waters from which zeolites, carbonates and oxides precipitated as cements. It is unlikely that these sediments were ever significantly leached by meteoric waters or by organic acids generated during burial diagenesis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

雄安新区地层及主要热储空间结构特征与地热水资源潜力

雄安新区中深层白云岩热储地热资源丰富,为了提高对该区主要热储白云岩热储特征及地热水资源潜力的认识程度,指导新区中深层白云岩热储地热水资源的规模化开发,基于钻井、地震、地质等资料,研究了该区白云岩热储的地层空间分布、构造特征、储集空间特征和主建设区白云岩热储地热水资源潜力。研究表明：雄安新区主要热储雾迷山组、高于庄组除在断裂面部分地区外基本全区分布;雾迷山组埋深在容城凸起、牛驼镇凸起相对较浅,在高阳低凸起相对较深;高于庄组有类似的分布特征,总体埋深更深,温度更高;其它地层除第四系、新近系明化镇组外分布都比较局限;区内发育众多以NNE向为主的正断层,与少数其它方向断裂交会,将深部地热通过流体传输到浅部,并造就断裂两侧大量的裂缝和控制岩溶发育方向及规模,形成众多溶蚀孔洞;同时构造演化中雾迷山组古地貌中高地貌部分,在喜山期大多剥蚀与新生界形成不整合面,共同构成本区重要的输导通道和储集空间,岩溶孔洞和裂缝结合型复合空间是本区雾迷山组主要热储空间,单独的裂缝、孔洞是次要热储空间,大型溶洞一旦发育往往是主力产水层;新区主建设区顶面在5000 m（底部埋深可达6000 m）及以浅的白云岩岩溶裂缝热储地热水资源,按100年采用总热水储量的50%及500 m井距“三采两灌”原则单井产量110 m³/h计,最适宜生产井布井数目233口,主建设区现阶段可满足每年4787×10⁴ m²的供暖面积,占实际需求的30.1%。结论认为：雾迷山组埋深较浅,在当前经济技术条件下目前是主力热储,高于庄组埋深较深是最重要的备用热储,今后20年内会被大规模开发利用,但即便现在同时开发它们也不能满足雄安新区主建设区的清洁能源需求,需要发展“多能互补”系统,域外的过剩地热资源能否向域内目标区集输受经济成本和环境成本风险制约。