沁水盆地南部煤层气储层特征及可采性研究

根据沁水盆地南部的樊庄、郑庄两个区块的煤层气勘探开发资料,以及吸附性、渗透性测试结果,分析了研究区储层的物性特征,采用五指标法和模糊数学评价法对两区块可采性进行系统评价。研究认为:两区块所处的地质构造背景相似,均属于Ⅰ类资源大区,但因两者在储层埋深、储层压力、含气性等方面存在一定的差异性,使得樊庄区块煤层气的开发条件要优于郑庄区块。     

中高煤阶煤层气富集高产区形成模式与地质评价方法

煤层气富集高产区富集机理和地质评价方法对煤层气勘探选区至关重要,以往的研究主要集中在资源富集区形成机理和预测方面,但煤层气勘探开发实践表明资源富集区并不一定是高产区,如何在煤层气资源富集区中寻找高产区即煤层气富集高产区是国内外煤层气勘探面临的难题。通过国内外典型煤层气富集高产区的剖析,结合我国中高煤阶富集区地质特点,以沁水盆地南部、鄂尔多斯盆地东缘和两淮矿区为研究对象,采用地质统计、实验验证和生产数据分析相结合的研究方法,揭示了基于含气量渗透率耦合控制的煤层气富集高产区形成机理,提出了3种中高煤阶煤层气富集高产区形成模式;围绕煤层含气量和渗透率两个核心要素,利用层次分析法和主成分分析法确定了包含7大地质参数的评价指标体系,建立了基于产能分析的煤层气富集高产区方法体系。这些认识对我国中高煤阶煤层气区带、区块、目标的优选具有重要的指导作用。     

基于最大主曲率的煤储层渗透性预测方法

阐述了最大主曲率法用于煤层气藏储层裂缝渗透率预测的原理,运用三维地震沿层最大主曲率属性对构造裂缝进行了预测。通过分析裂缝间距、构造最大主曲率值、岩层厚度及渗透率之间的相关关系,建立了基于最大主曲率的煤储层渗透率计算模型,该模型对某区煤层气渗透率预测的结果与测井和实验室岩心分析结果吻合较好,表明基于最大主曲率的煤储层渗透率预测方法在煤层气藏裂缝渗透率预测中的可行性和合理性。      

延川南深部煤层气高产主控地质因素研究

延川南区块属于深部高阶煤煤层气藏,受地质条件影响,区块单井产能差异大。结合煤层气开发动态资料,分析区块煤层气井富集高产主控地质因素。研究表明,气井产能受“构造、水动力、煤体结构”三因素控制,构造控制煤层气富集成藏,矿化度表征水动力强弱并影响煤层气保存,煤体结构制约储层改造。高产井主要位于埋深800~1 200 m的局部微幅隆起带翼部以及构造平缓区,地层水矿化度(3~10)×104 mg/L,原生–碎裂煤厚度大于2.5 m,日产气量大于1 000 m3;中产井位于埋深大于1 200 m的万宝山西部构造平缓区,矿化度大于10×104 mg/L,日产气量500~1 000 m3;而低产井主要靠近中部Ⅲ级断层以及局部Ⅳ级断层发育的断裂–凹陷带,矿化度低于0.3×104 mg/L,原生–碎裂煤厚度小于2.5 m,日产气量低于500 m3。区块产能的平面变化证实,构造是深部煤层气高产的主要控制因素。深部煤层气藏构造活动不发育的条件下储层渗透率极低,可改造性差,难以获得高产,构造活动的增强达到了改善储层目的,背斜轴部附近产生裂隙增加储层渗透性,易于煤层气富集和储层改造,局部小断层形成微裂缝,有利于煤层气解吸渗流,但是,构造活动较剧烈的断层以及凹陷带附近形成煤层气逸散通道,不利于煤层气的富集高产。      

延川南区块深层煤层气井产能主控因素

深层煤层气井产能高低及影响因素认识不清,制约了其商业化开发进程。对延川南万宝山构造带煤层气生产特征及产能情况进行了总结,从煤层气资源条件、煤层气解吸难易程度和渗流条件3个方面对产能影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,渗透率与含气量是影响产能的主要因素:渗透率大于0.3×10-3μm2和含气量高于15 m3/t是稳定产气量大于1 000 m3/d的前提条件。含气量主要受埋深和水动力条件影响,埋深越大,水动力条件越弱,含气量越高;渗透率主要受地应力、形变和裂缝发育情况控制,低地应力区和局部构造高点附近渗透率较高。根据渗透率与含气量将构造带划分为高渗高含气、高渗低含气、低渗高含气、低渗低含气4个区。其中,高渗高含气区产液量中等,产气能力高;高渗低含气区以异常高产液、低产气井为主;其他两区产液量和产气能力较低。      

煤层气羽状水平井开采数值模拟研究

建立了煤层气定向羽状水平井开采的数学模型,该模型考虑了地层非均质和各向异性的影响、渗透率的压力敏感性和主支、分支井筒内压降影响;本文给出了数值模拟方法,实现了数值模拟计算;并分别对理论模型和樊庄区块煤层气试验区所设计的羽状水平井进行产能预测,证明了模型及算法的正确性。      

基于主地质参数的煤层气有利开发区优选及应用

煤层气有利开发区既是煤层气富集区、高渗区,又是煤层气高产区,因此寻找能表征煤层气富集区、高渗区和高产区的主地质参数,是解决煤层气有利区优选问题的关键。基于区块尺度的煤层气有利区优选,建立了一种定量化的综合评价方法：(1)以含气量、储层压力、临界解吸压和试井渗透率为主地质参数并作为评价指标,以煤层气井稳产阶段平均日产气量作为衡量指标,采用灰色关联度分析法定量地确定各评价指标的权重系数以及评价值函数;(2)借助于MapInfo professional软件,计算煤层气区任意位置的综合评价值;(3)用产气量对综合评价值进行标定,确定煤层气开发区类型及分布范围。将该方法应用于沁水盆地南部勘探程度较高的郑庄区块,预测出煤层气有利开发区(产气量＞2 000 m³/d)的分布范围,研究结果对于下一步的煤层气钻井部署具有一定的参考意义。     

基于地震多属性的郑庄区块煤层气开发甜点区优选

摘要：地震属性受多种地质因素的影响,单一地震属性很难准确地反映煤层气储层综合地质特征。寻找能够降低地震属性多解性的方法,准确预测主地质参数,是评价煤层气有利区的关键。根据煤层厚度、含气量和渗透率分别与振幅类、频率类和曲率类地震属性具有较高相关性的特点,通过地震多属性组合变换的方法,建立了基于地震属性分析的煤层气主地质参数预测模型。然后,建立动态权重系数中值法,以中值评价值出现的最高频率,确定主地质参数在煤层气有利区优选中所占的权重,并基于评价值函数实现有利开发区块优选。利用该方法对沁水盆地郑庄地区的预测结果表明：最有利开发甜点区位于北部的59-60-57-55井区,次级有利开发甜点区位于东北部的53-62-49-45井区。     

山西沁水寿阳ST区块煤储层三维精细地质建模

煤储层三维地质模型的精确性直接影响到后期煤层气开发方案的部署和煤层气井的产量。本文以山西沁水盆地寿阳ST区块为例,基于地质数据、岩心数据、测井数据和地震数据等资料,提出了井震约束条件下煤储层的三维地质建模方法。通过建立构造模型,采用序贯指示模拟方法模拟煤层在三维空间的分布,建立研究区岩相模型。通过序贯高斯模拟方法模拟煤层含气量、孔隙度、渗透率等参数分布规律,建立反映煤层气特征的精细三维属性模型,预测了相关属性参数的空间分布特征。基于地质模型划分了产能潜力区,结合产能数值模拟技术,进行了煤层气井单井产能预测。本文划分的煤层气产能潜力区与产能预测结果,与目前区块内煤层气开发部署和实际产气情况吻合。     

资源条件与煤层气垂直井产能关系——以沁水盆地南部樊庄与潘庄区块为例

以沁水盆地南部樊庄和潘庄两区块煤层气垂直井勘探开发资料为基础,运用数值分析方法,分别研究了两区块煤层气井的含气量、资源丰度、含气饱和度、临储压力比与对应的平均日产气量的关系。结果表明:在樊庄、潘庄单个区块内,在忽略开发工艺对煤层气井产能影响的条件下,含气饱和度、临储压力比对煤层气垂直井产能影响均比较大;在樊庄和潘庄共同所在的区域范围内,临储压力比对煤层气产能的贡献最大。      

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。