东赤道太平洋岩心TR163—31B的风成沉积与半深海沉积的区分

深海岩心沉积成分的正确解释都需要了解物理、化学和生物过程,因为它们会影响其组分。通常来说,这是最直接的解释过程,但对陆地物质来说,区分半深海的和风成的沉积物则较模糊。这种模糊会削弱对远古气候的恰当解释,而且这种争议最早是由Ｒａｄｃｚｅｗｓｋｉ在约６...     

西北太平洋沉积物和锰结核中微生物的丰度和锰细菌

在海洋中生存着大量的细菌,它们活跃在海水和沉积物中,在它们的生命活动过程中,促进了海洋中许多化学变化程序.前人大量的工作充分证明了微生物是沉积变化与成岩作用的主要作用者[1].近二十年来,国外很多微生物学家对深海细菌在锰铁沉积过程中所起的作用颇感兴趣,在大西洋、波罗的海和太平洋进行了很多工作[2-4].     

西北太平洋沉积物中细菌多样性的研究

利用提取且纯化的西北太平洋地区深海沉积物DNA为模板,利用细菌通用PCR引物扩增16S rDNA片段,构建其文库,建立阳性克隆子RFLP(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism)酶切图谱.据酶切图谱选择部分克隆测序,并与数据库中的序列进行比对.结果表明,测序的27个序列分属于4个类群:变形细菌(Proteobacteria)、绿屈挠菌(Chloroflexi)、浮游霉菌(Planctomycetes)和酸杆菌(Acidobacteria);其中以变形细菌最多,占62.96%.     

西北太平洋第四纪沉积物中碎屑成分及其古海洋学意义

西北太平洋第四纪沉积物中碎屑成分及其古海洋学意义Ｖ．Ｐ．Ｎｅｃｈａｅｖ等北太平洋，特别是它的西北部地区，是根据第四纪沉积研究气候和大洋环流全球变化的最好的地区之一。在某种程度上是因为：（１）沉积物常含有大量的适合古生物研究和进行氧、碳同位素分析的微体...     

西北太平洋月平均风生流的数值试验

应用正压浅水方程模式对西北太平洋月平均风生流进行了数值试验。当海面风场的尺度与太平洋尺度接近时对西北太平洋不同月份所得到的风生流和西北太平洋实际环流的某些特征十分接近,而西北太平洋水区的风场仅对近岸流的特征有重要影响。对比试验表明,西海岸附近的水深变化对西北太平洋风生流的动力学影响是显著的。     

北太平洋中部沉积作用的探讨

为探索深海的沉积作用,将大量调查和分析资料作了详细研究,认为该区的沉积物可分为钙质软泥、硅钙软泥和红粘土。沉积物类型的分布受水深等因素的控制,调查区东部以钙质软泥为主,西部以红粘土为主;钙质软泥多在5200m以浅,硅钙软泥一般在5200～5300m,5300m以深以红粘土为主。5300m左右是该区的碳酸钙补偿深度。本文还较深入地分析了该区的正常沉积和再沉积作用。     

1992年西北太平洋上热带气旋活动特征

本文对埃尔－尼诺持续年的１９９２年西北太平洋上热带气旋活动特征进行了分析，并对北半球极涡、西北太平洋副热带高压等天气系统的特征量及赤道东太平洋海温场与常年进行了比较，找出了１９９２年西北太平洋热带气旋活动特征的成因。     

西北太平洋表面风应力分布和周期特征分析

根据GSSTF资料给出的日平均风应力资料（1991年1月～2000年12月）,分析了西北太平洋12月份月平均风应力场的分布,然后对四个时期,即冬季季风时期,冬夏季风过渡时期,夏季季风时期,夏冬季风过渡时期的风应力场的特征作了研究,结果发现西北太平洋风应力分布有明显的地域性,即地域不同,则风应力分布不同,风应力的变化亦不同.然后用小波分析方法对所取区域的风应力进行了分析,结果表明：西北太平洋风应力存在非常明显的年周期和天气尺度周期;它的中高纬地区和副热带地区纬向风应力均存在明显的半年周期.大气低频振荡在西北太平洋风应力中也很显著.该地区季节内振荡（30～60d）主要是由东亚季风引起的,准两周振荡（10～20d）同纬向西风有密切联系,所以风应力季节内振荡在纬向或经向的表现因地域而异,准两周振荡则一致地首先体现在纬向上;大洋信风区和中部微风区并不存在明显的准两周振荡;中高纬度地区的风应力季节内振荡和准两周振荡都有极明显的年变化特征,冬季振荡较强,而夏季振荡较弱;在西北太平洋副热带海区,风应力低频振荡也有较明显的年变化,但没有中高纬那么显著;El Nino会对西北太平洋西部副热带海域经向风应力的季节内振荡产生影响,使之强度增强.西北太平洋强度最强的季节振荡存在于中纬西风带洋区;低纬信风带洋区则具有最明显的年际振荡,周期为2～3年和5～7年;中纬西风带洋区纬向风应力也存在明显的年际振荡.     

海洋底栖动物中的重金属

1977年在加拉帕戈斯裂谷区,借助水下装置“阿尔文”号发现了全新的底栖生物,它们生活在细菌化学合成和甲烷营养环境的基础上,为了生活在极高浓度还原化合物——硫化氢、甲烷、氢以及一系列重金属的极端条件下,热液底栖生物种群通过析出和/或改造金属离子成其无毒性的形态适应了这种环境。所研究的底栖动物标本是“和平-1”号和“和平-2”号载入深海装置在高速扩张的太平洋海脊和低速扩张的大西洋海岭热液场上采集的。60个瓣鳃类和腹足类软体动物的个别器官、软组织和贝壳、蟹类的角质和硬皮以及Вестuиентифер的管状体和营养体的…     

Experiences of coastal management in the Pacific Islands

Integrated coastal management (ICM) is accepted world-wide as a comprehensive, multi-sectoral integrated approach to the planning and management of coastal areas. ICM is particularly suited to the island member countries of the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) because of their size, the interconnectedness of the coast and terrestrial areas and the high degree of association and community involvement with the management of coastal systems. With the exception of the highly migratory pelagic fish stocks, the narrow natural resource base of many Pacific islands make them particularly vulnerable to inappropriate development and mismanagement. Fortunately, the governments of many Pacific Island countries (PIC) have become aware of the benefits of integrated coastal management and are looking at ways of making it an established practice. This paper uses the framework of ICM to illustrate some of the author's experience of coastal management within the South Pacific region. Within the ICM framework, a range of tools and techniques are available to manage coastal problems. The success of any approach depends on the scale and magnitude of the problems to be addressed and the availability of information, institutional support and commitment from all stakeholders. The way in which programmes are conducted and implemented is particularly important. Top down initiatives may work at the regional level but tend to fail at the national and community level unless there are other incentives to support them. On the other hand, bottom up, process driven initiatives have enjoyed more success at the community level. Demand-based approaches have tended to be very successful at all levels, whether they be at the community, country or regional levels, particularly where all of the interested parties can collaborate and contribute to finding solutions to their problems.     

Submarine geology of trenches in the Northwest Pacific

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Submarine geology of trenches in the Northwest Pacific

     

Managing fisheries and corruption in the Pacific Islands region

The Pacific Islands region includes some of the smallest countries in the world, some of which are in a precarious economic condition and heavily reliant on the region's tuna fisheries for revenue and food security. The ability of some of these countries to profit from their fisheries resources, and effectively conserve these resources for future generations, is undermined by a combination of economic, governance and institutional weaknesses that make these countries vulnerable to corruption in the fisheries sector.     

西北太平洋密度跃层特征分析

密度跃层是反映海洋动力环境的重要物理特征指标,对海军军事活动尤其是潜艇航行具有重要的影响。本文使用模式同化的温、盐数据对西北太平洋密度跃层的时空分布特征进行分析,旨在为海军潜艇活动的海洋水文环境保障提供借鉴。     

西北太平洋的潮能通量与耗散

利用基于FVCOM(Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model)模式同化沿岸验潮站数据的高分辨率潮汐数值模型结果,分析研究了包含中国近海、日本海和鄂霍次克海在内的西北太平洋海域全日、半日分潮的潮能通量与耗散。西北太平洋的潮波能量分3支,分别传入鄂霍次克海、东海和南海。传入东海的半日潮波能量是传入南海的3倍左右;传入南海的全日潮波能量是传入东海的5倍多。传入中国东部海域的M2分潮能中,有64.3%耗散在东海,32.4%耗散在黄海,仅有3.2%耗散在渤海;而K1分潮能中分别有48.2%、31.4%及7.1%耗散在东海、黄海及渤海。进入南海的潮能中,仅有32.7%的M2分潮能和38.3%的K1分潮能耗散在南海的北部海域,另有23.9%的M2分潮能进入并耗散在台湾海峡,其余则进入南海南部。传入日本海的太平洋潮能很少。鄂霍次克海消耗的全日潮能是半日潮能的2倍。     

Development of Aggregate Resources in Pacific Tropical Islands

Small tropical Pacific islands suffer from a common problem of acquiring and maintaining an adequate supply of sand and aggregate for infrastructure develop ment, coastal protection, and beach maintenance. This is most critical in countries where atolls predominate, such as the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Marshall Islands, but presents difficulties in even the largest and most highly developed island communities such as Hawaii and American Samoa. Recent studies by the Marine Minerals Technology Center and others have indicated a Pacific-wide sea-level stillstand about 40,000 years ago which resulted in the formation of coastal terraces with significant sand beaches at depths of about 70 m. It is proposed that such deposits, in water depths of 50-100 m and seaward of the reefs, will serve as resources for sustainable development. Exploration should result in the discovery, throughout the region, of sand deposits containing tens to hundreds of millions of cubic yards of clean sand close to shore. These large deposits should be amenable to dredging by advanced technology at low unit cost. Stockpiles located appropriately throughout the region, integrated with a bulk transportation service, could supply projected needs at a cost which would be affordable to each community.     

西北太平洋台风降雨日变化

利用TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission)卫星15 a降雨数据,研究了西北太平洋非台风与台风降雨日变化。对于非台风降雨,其日变化信号最大值出现在上午06∶00,在下午15∶00时存在一较小的极大值。统计台风中心500 km内的平均降雨,发现其存在明显日变化信号,最大值出现在03∶00~09∶00之间,降雨量与日变化均大于非台风降雨;同时,台风增强及快速增强均在03∶00~08∶00之间发生次数较其他时间更多。从2002年台风“海神”的卫星云图上可以看出,云系内部强对流的面积在06∶00时明显大于18∶00时,这与降雨日变化的模态一致。