左权-赞皇变质杂岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义

左权变质杂岩位于华北克拉通中部造山带的中南段,赞皇变质杂岩西南。两杂岩区出露的早元古代——晚太古代变质岩石类型主要有:长英质片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩、斜长角闪岩、石榴角闪岩、云母片岩和长石石英岩等。通过详细地野外地质调查、岩相学以及地球化学研究发现,左权变质杂岩与赞皇变质杂岩有类似的地球化学性质,其中,长英质片麻岩、黑云斜长片麻岩和角闪岩的原岩均有正、有副,按原岩性质可分为变质沉积岩、变质花岗质岩石和变质基性岩三类。变质沉积岩的原岩为粘土岩或杂砂岩,物源以上地壳的长英质成分为主,REE配分型式与PAAS以及上地壳平均成分类似,原岩在形成过程中经历了中——低等程度的风化作用,沉积背景为有演化岛弧发育的活动大陆边缘;变质花岗质岩石的原岩为中酸性侵入岩,形成于大陆边缘弧环境,与变质沉积岩呈侵入接触关系;变质基性岩的原岩是拉斑——钙碱玄武质岩石,其稀土总量较低、轻稀土轻微富集,地壳混染作用明显,总体形成环境类似于现代大陆边缘的岛弧构造环境。基于以上地球化学特征推测左权——赞皇变质杂岩形成于典型碰撞造山环境,卷入了华北克拉通东部陆块和西部陆块之间的俯冲——碰撞过程。     

Geochemistry of an ophiolitic complex from New Caledonia

The ophiolites of New Caledonia are composed of ultramafics overlain by mafic rocks, all of which were affected by low P metamorphism. The mafic rocks studied (gabbroic cumulates, and basaltic flows and dikes) from Montagne des Sources are similar to recent mid-ocean ridge rocks. They are olivine-normative with Mg/Mg+Fe²⁺ ratios ranging from 0.69 in lavas to 0.90 in gabbroic cumulates and show tholeiitic fractionation trends such as a negative correlation of Ti and V with the Mg/Fe ratio. The lavas have a flat REE pattern with a slight depletion of light REE and a La/Yb ratio <2. The dikes have three different types of REE patterns. The first type is nearly parallel to that of lavas, the second one is enriched in LREE (La/Yb4) and the third type with the lowest REE contents and a distinct LREE depletion is similar to that of cumulitic pyroxene gabbro. The variations in chemical compositions of the mafic rocks can be accounted for by the dynamic partial melting process of Langmuir et al. (1977). In agreement with structural and tectonic observations, the geochemical data suggests that the ophiolites were formed during the spreading of a mid-ocean ridge with a spreading half-rate of about 1 cm/ year.     

赞皇变质杂岩区西南部斜长角闪岩的地球化学、变质演化研究及其构造意义

赞皇变质杂岩位于华北克拉通中部造山带中南段, 阜平杂岩以南, 太古代变质岩石在该杂岩区仅有零星出露。目前研究发现, 在赞皇变质杂岩的西南部地区亦有太古代(含榴) 斜长角闪岩出露, 且与东南部的斜长角闪岩具有类似的地球化学性质, 其原岩为亚碱性玄武质岩石, 形成于岛弧构造环境。岩石中石榴石保留微弱的进变质生长环带, 且记录了进变质、峰期变质和退变质三个阶段的矿物组合。不同阶段的温压估算结果分别为：进变质阶段约679℃和8.4kbar, 高峰期变质条件位于高角闪岩相, 最高温度超过702℃、最高压力大于9.3kbar, 退变质阶段温度为633~636℃、压力为5.2~5.4kbar。该地区含榴斜长角闪岩拥有典型的顺时针近等温减压型(ITD) 的变质作用P-T轨迹, 推测赞皇变质杂岩可能卷入了华北克拉通东部陆块和西部陆块之间的俯冲-碰撞-快速隆升过程。同时, 早期进变质作用阶段信息的保留为俯冲过程的存在提供了新的证据。

     

Geochemistry of paleozoic basalts from the Juchatengo complex of southern Mexico: tectonic implications

Analyses of Lower Permian or older basalts and associated dykes of the Juchatengo sequence indicate that they are rift tholeiites that formed in a continental rift or back-arc tectonic setting. Age constraints include a Middle Permian fossil recovered from the tectonically overlying sediments and a cross-cutting, post-tectonic pluton dated by K/Ar on hornblende at 282±6 Ma. A location adjacent to the Oaxacan Complex or other old continental crust is suggested by (1) an Nd_i isotopic value of −8.95 and a T_DM age of 1487 Ma in the overlying sediments, which are similar to the Oaxacan Complex; (2) enrichment of incompatible elements in the lavas, suggesting old crustal contamination; and (3) the presence of Permian–Triassic calc-alkaline plutons that stitch the Juchatengo–Oaxaca boundary. The possible tectonic models depend on the age of the Juchatengo basalts, which requires future geochronological work. If the Juchatengo basalts are Permo-Carboniferous, they could have formed near the eastern edge of a back-arc basin: the contemporaneous arc would have rifted away to the west. Eastward migration of the arc magmatism indicated by the Permian–Triassic calc-alkaline plutonism may reflect shallowing of the dip of the subduction zone, which probably also produced the deformation of the Juchatengo sequence.     

祁连山扎麻什基性杂岩体岩石地球化学特征及其大地构造意义

青海省祁连县扎麻什基性杂岩体侵位于寒武一奥陶纪地层中。岩体以辉长岩为主，并伴有超基性岩，辉石岩，角闪石岩与闪长岩出露。岩石地球化学研究表明，该岩体是由钙碱性岩浆经不同程度的分离结晶作用形成的。岩石具富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)而亏损高场强元素(HFSE)，并具有明显Nb和Ta负异常。结合该岩体与北侧清水沟一百经寺俯冲杂岩的空间分布关系，表明该杂岩体是形成于北祁连洋壳向南俯冲形成的岛弧环境。     

广西型花岗岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义

花岗岩按照Sr-Yb含量可以分为5类：富Sr贫Yb的埃达克型,贫Sr、Yb的喜马拉雅型,贫Sr富Yb的浙闽型,非常贫Sr富Yb的南岭型和富Sr、Yb的广西型。广西型花岗岩在自然界出露较少,主要由花岗闪长岩、角闪黑云母花岗岩、二长花岗岩和石英正长岩等组成,通常还富Al、Fe、K和P,SiO₂含量较低,属于钾玄岩系列或高钾钙碱性系列。富Sr指示源区残留相缺少斜长石,富Yb暗示源区缺少石榴石。既无斜长石也无石榴石的岩石则主要由角闪石±辉石组成,属于超镁铁岩类。因此,广西型花岗岩形成的条件比较苛刻,至少需要很高的温度。在相图中广西型花岗岩位于斜长石消失线之上、石榴石出现之前的区域,形成的压力大体<1.0 GPa,温度至少>900℃。它代表正常厚度或减薄的地壳在很高的温度下形成的花岗岩类。     

达拉布特蛇绿岩带的时限和属性以及对西准噶尔晚古生代构造演化的讨论

萨尔托海附近的也格孜卡拉花岗岩侵入到达拉布特蛇绿岩带中,为典型的"钉合岩体",其锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄结果为308±3Ma(MSWD=0.83),限定了达拉布特蛇绿岩带侵位时限不晚于308Ma,同时达拉布特蛇绿岩中辉长岩的年龄(Sm-Nd等时线年龄395Ma;LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄391Ma),给出了达拉布特蛇绿岩带的形成年龄。达拉布特蛇绿岩带两侧地层均为下石炭统,为稳定火山-沉积序列,岩石组合特征相同,具有很好的可对比性,表明达拉布特蛇绿岩带不是分隔两侧不同板块的板块缝合带。在综合分析前人板片窗、增生楔等不同构造模型的基础上,提出残余洋盆的被动垮塌充填是西准噶尔地区晚古生代构造演化的主要形式,残余洋盆闭合过程中可能伴随着洋壳俯冲过程,侵入于西准增生杂岩的多个花岗岩体和闪长岩墙,限定了西准晚古生代增生作用不晚于晚石炭世。     

Geochemistry and tectonic setting of Tuting metavolcanic rocks of possible ophiolitic affinity from Eastern Himalayan syntaxis

Geochemistry of Tuting metavolcanic rocks is being reported for the first time. Narrow slivers of mafic volcanic rocks, as those at Tuting, also occur in close association with slivers of more complete sections of ophiolites at the Tsangpo river section upstream of Tuting and skirt round the Namche Barwa antiform. These detached slivers of the mafic volcanic rocks and the ophiolites represent the easternmost components of the Yarlung Tsangpo Ophiolite, and also define the arcuate shape of the Eastern Himalayan syntaxis. The metavolcanic rocks exposed at the apex of the Siang river dome at Tuting (Tsangpo River named Siang down stream of Tuting) is the only exposure of such rocks from the Himalayan syntaxial area in India.The Tuting metavolcanic rocks correspond to andesite and basaltic andesite as per TAS diagram. The mobility of major elements possibly has affected their classification. As per Zr/TiO₂ — Nb/Y diagram of Winchester and Floyd (1977), proposed for classification of altered igneous rocks, the Tuting samples mainly correspond to ‘sub-akaline basalt’ and one sample plot as ‘andesite/basalt’. These have a flat chrondrite-normalised REE pattern. MORB-normalized multi-elemental plot shows enrichment in large ion lithophile (LIL) and the light rare earth elements (LREE), and depletion in several high field strength elements (HFSE). Based on these trace element patterns and a few discrimination plots, the Tuting metavolcanic rocks are inferred to have generated in supra-subduction zone environment in an intraoceanic arc, back arc setting, or in a mid-ocean ridge process that resembles the Chile Ridge spreading centre.     

江西南部东坑盆地流纹岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

东坑盆地位于南岭构造带东段,其中的流纹岩为该带燕山期最早的“流纹岩—玄武岩”双峰式火山岩组合的酸性端元.主量元素、微量元素、Sr-Nd-Pb-O-Hf同位素研究表明,流纹岩富硅、钾,贫镁、钙、钛,属亚碱性弱过铝质岩石;稀土元素富集,轻重稀土分异和铕负异常明显,表现典型的M型稀土元素4分组效应,富集高场强元素Ta、Hf、Zr、Nb、Ce、Y和大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、Ba、Ga,亏损大离子亲石元素Sr,具有A型流纹岩和高Sr-Ba流纹岩的微量元素特征;(87Sr/86Sr)i较高,(206Pb/204Pb)i、(207Pb/204Pb)i和(208Pb/204Pb)i较低,εNd(t)、εHf(t)和δ18OV-SMOW较高,TDM2(Nd)和TDM2(Hf)较小.这些特征表明,东坑盆地流纹岩是拉张构造环境下源于新元古代亏损地幔和少量古老下地壳物质混合而成年轻下地壳部分熔融的产物,为早侏罗世早期南岭构造带东段处于拉张构造环境、地壳属正常厚度提供了岩石学证据.     

滇西吉义独蛇绿混杂岩的岩石地球化学特征、成因和构造环境探讨

滇西吉义独蛇绿混杂岩位于金沙江缝合带的南端,岩石组合出露较齐全,包括堆晶橄榄岩、堆晶辉石岩、堆晶辉长岩以及玄武岩等,它们呈构造岩片的形式产出并与外来岩块组成蛇绿混杂岩.堆晶橄榄岩和辉石岩具低Al_2O_3,低TiO_2,而高Mg~#值(Mg~#=0.88～0.92),富集Cr和Ni,稀土总量偏低(∑REE=14.82×10~(-6)～27.75×10~(-6)),倒"U"型的稀土元素分布特征.堆晶辉长岩和玄武岩的Mg~#值较低,分别为0.70～0.79和0.51～0.66,具拉斑系列的演化趋势.玄武岩可以细分为2组:第一组玄武岩以平坦型稀土配分模式,低Mg~#(Mg~#=0.44～0.46),低稀土总量(∑REE=52.29×10~(-6)～60.26×10~(-6))为特征;第二组玄武岩则为LREE弱富集型的稀土配分模式,其Mg~#较高(Mg~#=0.54～0.68),稀土总量也较高(∑REE=62.13×10~(-6)～101.87×10~(-6)).在原始地幔标准化的微量元素配分图解中,两组玄武岩均相对富集大离子亲石元素而亏损Nb、Ta和Ti,与岛弧岩浆岩类似,明显不同于N-MORB.岩石的Sr-Nd同位素组成较为均一和稳定,堆晶橄榄岩和辉石岩的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7051～0.7056,5_(Nd)(t)=2.8～4.1,玄武岩的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7050～0.7056,ε_(Nd)(t)=5.1～5.8,且显示出原始地幔的同位素组成特征,暗示这些岩石为同源岩浆分异演化而成的岩浆产物.岩浆演化的主要方式为分离结晶作用,受地壳混染不明显.岩浆结晶形成岩石的顺序为:堆晶橄榄岩→堆晶辉石岩→堆晶辉长岩→玄武岩2组→玄武岩1组.岩石地球化学特征表明,吉义独蛇绿岩的形成与俯冲作用有关,且形成于金沙江洋内俯冲的消减环境.     

西秦岭关子镇蛇绿岩地球化学及其大地构造意义

关子镇蛇绿岩是东秦岭商丹缝合带西延的标志,主要由蛇纹岩、变质辉长岩、斜长角闪片岩（变玄武岩）组成。变玄武岩总体均以高SiO2、MgO,低TiO2、Al2O3,Na2O>>K2O,LREE和LILE亏损,以及HFSE不分异为特征。在此基础上,变玄武岩又可以划分为A类（主要分布南部区段）和B类（主要分布北部区段）,B类相对于A类而言,具有更低的TiO2、Al2O3、MgO含量和高Σ Fe2O3含量特征。同时,B类岩石LREE亏损程度较A类岩石更为明显。综合主、微量元素地球化学特征分析,认为两类岩石均源于亏损地幔源区,形成于古大洋中脊构造环境,但成生于不同的岩浆演化阶段,是古洋盆扩张演化不同阶段的产物。西秦岭关子镇蛇绿岩性质的确定,为商丹古洋盆西延与演化,以及中国大陆古生代构造格局及其演化过程提供了重要的制约。     

Geochemistry and tectonic significance of the Gongzhu peridotites in the northern branch of the western Yarlung Zangbo ophiolitic belt,western Tibet

Mineralogy and Petrology - The Gongzhu ophiolite is situated in the northern branch of the western Yarlung Zangbo ophiolitic belt. This massif consists of a strongly dismembered ophiolitic sequence...     

Late Cretaceous granitoids in Karakorum,northwest Tibet: petrogenesis and tectonic implications

New zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb age, zircon Hf isotope, and whole-rock major and trace elemental data of the Late Cretaceous Ageledaban complex in the Karakorum Terrane (KKT), northwest Tibet, provide new constraints on the tectonic processes of the collision and thickening of the terrane between the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes. The granitoids from the Ageledaban complex have a variable SiO₂ content, from 62.83 to 73.35 wt.% and A/CNK<1.1 (except for YM61-2). They have rare earth element and trace element patterns that are enriched in light rare earth elements, Rb, Pb, Th, and U, and are depleted in Ba, P, Sr, Ti, and Nb, indicative of weakly peraluminous-metaluminous I-type affinity. Zircon U–Pb dating reveals that the Ageledaban complex was emplaced at ca. 80 Ma. Zircons from the monzogranite and monzonite samples with concordant ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages about 80 Ma have a zircon ε_Hf(t) of ?6.6 to ?1.1, corresponding to the Mesoproterozoic Hf crustal model ages (T_DM^C = 1.2–1.6 Ga); the remaining inherited zircons from the monzonite with concordant ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages of about 108.1 Ma have ε_Hf(t) values that range from ?8.3 to ?5.0, corresponding to the Mesoproterozoic Hf crustal model ages with an average of 1.6 Ga. These signatures indicate that the Ageledaban granitoids may have been derived from the partial melting of a mixed mantle-crust source. Together with the age and geochemical data in the literature, we propose that the collisional event in the KKT in northwestern Tibet would postdate the northern Lhasa–southern Qiangtang collision, which occurred first in the Amdo in the east and later in the Shiquanhe in central Tibet. Our results support the previous view that the collision of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone (BNSZ) may be diachronous.     

Geochemistry and geodynamic implications of the Triassic bimodal magmatism from Western Kunlun Orogen,northwest China

The Western Kunlun Orogen occupies a key tectonic position at the junction between the Tarim block and the Tethyan domain. However, the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic, especially the middle to late Triassic tectonic evolution history of the Western Kunlun Orogen remains controversial. This study reports SHRIMP zircon U–Pb ages and geochemical as well as Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data for middle to late Triassic Taer pluton in Western Kunlun Orogen, Northwest China. The Taer pluton shows a strong bimodal distribution of compositions, with the felsic rocks dominant and the mafic rocks subordinate. Zircon U–Pb dating reveals that the coexisting mafic and felsic rocks are coeval, both emplacing in a period between 234 and 225 Ma. Most of the studied rocks are potassium rich and can be classified into high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic series. They are also strongly enriched in LREE, LILE and depleted in HFSE with strong negative Ti and Nb anomalies, and characterized by enriched Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic signatures. Detailed geochemical and isotopic studies indicate that the Taer pluton was emplaced in a post-collisional extensional setting, with the mafic rocks derived from partial melting of the enriched continental lithospheric mantle in the spinel facies field, and the felsic rocks formed by anatexis of newly underplated basaltic rocks. The existence of middle to late Triassic post-collisional magmas in Western Kunlun region suggests that the final closure of Paleo-Tethys and the initial collision between the Western Kunlun and the Qiangtang terranes may have happened before ~234 Ma, most probably in late Permian, rather than in late Triassic or early Jurassic. In assistance with other geological evidences, such as the presence of early Triassic to late Triassic/early Jurassic S-type magmatism, terrestrial molasse depositions, regional unconformities, and strong deformation, we propose that the Western Kunlun Orogen may have undergone a long post-collisional intracontinental process from early Triassic to late Triassic/early Jurassic.     

内蒙古乌拉山-大青山地区变泥质岩的地球化学特征及构造意义

乌拉山-大青山地区位于华北克拉通西北缘孔兹岩带的中段,该地区出露大面积的古元古代高级变质表壳岩系岩石,例如夕线(堇青)石榴二长片麻岩、石榴黑云二长片麻岩、黑云长英质片麻岩、石榴石英岩、大理岩、磁铁石英岩和钙硅酸盐岩等。其中该地区典型的变泥质岩石(夕线(堇青)石榴二长片麻岩和石榴黑云二长片麻岩)多以似层状产出,夕线(堇青)石榴二长片麻岩含有大量的石榴石、夕线石和/或堇青石,并保留典型的堇青石反应边结构。岩石地球化学研究结果表明上述变泥质岩石样品明显富Al2O_3,属于过铝质岩石,其平均化学成分与上地壳平均值较为接近。样品的稀土配分型式具有中等程度的轻重稀土元素分异,轻稀土明显富集和弱铕负异常的特征。微量元素蛛网图显示变泥质岩石样品富集大离子亲石元素如Rb和Ba,而高场强元素如Zr、Hf含量相对较低,且Nb、Ta、P和Ti呈明显亏损的特征。多种原岩判别图解显示其原岩为一套富铝粘土岩及杂砂岩,且成熟度较低,为近源沉积。多数样品的CIA值低于太古宙后澳大利亚平均页岩和北美页岩的CIA值,反映其源岩经历了中等程度的风化作用。物源以上地壳的长英质成分为主,可能有古老沉积物的加入。多种构造判别图解表明研究区样品形成于有演化岛弧发育的活动大陆边缘环境。结合前人对孔兹岩带出露的变泥质岩石的变质作用研究普遍得到近等温减压型顺时针P-T演化轨迹以及锆石同位素年代学研究结果,综合表明乌拉山-大青山变泥质岩石形成于有演化岛弧发育的活动大陆边缘环境,中元古代物质(2.1~2.0Ga)为其提供主要的沉积物源,随后卷入~1950Ma华北克拉通西部古老陆块之间的碰撞造山作用,经历了大规模麻粒岩相变质作用,并于1920~1850Ma碰撞后折返至近地表。     

Geochemistry of metabasites from the Nevado-Filabride complex,betic cordilleras,Spain: Relics of a dismembered ophiolitic sequence

Major- and trace-element distribution, including REE data, in the metabasites of the Nevado-Filabride Complex (Betic Cordilleras, Spain) suggests that the whole mafic-ultramafic association represents a dismembered ophiolitic sequence. All the analyzed samples have been affected by sea-floor alteration. Yet only the fine-grained rocks have suffered some significant mobilization of the LREE. Life the other Western Mediterranean ophiolites, this sequence is related to the opening of the Liguro-Piemontese basin during Mesozoic times. However, the metabasites from Betic Cordilleras differ from the ophiolitic basalts by higher values of the more incompatible over less incompatible element ratios. The entire variation of these ratios in the Liguro-Piemontese basin is related to a dynamic melting process coupled with a diapiric uprise of the mantle source from the stability field of garnet peridotites. possibly up to the spinel-plagioclase facies transition. In this process, the ophiolites of the Betic Cordilleras would record the deepest stages and the lowest degrees of melting. This feature is related to the peculiar location of these ophiolites at the western end of the Liguro-Piemontese basin.     

西藏吉定蛇绿岩地球化学特征及其构造指示意义

吉定蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的中段,是该带保存较好的蛇绿岩之一,通过对该岩体的研究及与附近蛇绿岩剖面的对比有助于恢复早白垩世雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的演化过程。吉定蛇绿岩包括玄武岩、辉绿岩、堆晶岩及地幔橄榄岩四个岩石单元。壳层岩石岩浆结晶顺序为:橄榄石→单斜辉石→斜长石,代表湿岩浆系统分异。吉定蛇绿岩壳层熔岩(玄武岩和辉绿岩)Ti O2含量为0.87%~1.45%,平均1.1%,与印度洋N-MORB玻璃(1.19%)相似。REE配分模式具有明显的LREE亏损特征,稀土配分模式与典型的大洋中脊玄武岩相似。但其微量元素蛛网图上表现为富集LILE,而亏损HFSE,并具有较高LILE/HFSE比值特征,与俯冲带上的(SSZ)蛇绿岩相似。蛇绿岩熔岩在岩石地球化学上表现出既亲MORB,又具部分IAB的特征。结合区域上大竹卡、得几等蛇绿岩岩石及地球化学资料对比分析,提出吉定蛇绿岩形成于在洋内俯冲带上发育起来的弧后盆地,并提出日喀则地区早白垩世洋壳演化的解释模式:雅鲁藏布江中段蛇绿岩至少包含三种组分特征的蛇绿岩体,其代表性剖面分别是吉定,得村和大竹卡,分别形成于近俯冲带的弧后盆地、弧前盆地和弧后盆地,这些洋壳共同组成早白垩世时期的与特提斯洋俯冲带斜交的一条分段发育的洋中脊。     

松辽盆地徐家围子营城组流纹岩地球化学特征及构造指示意义

松辽盆地徐家围子营城组发育一套以流纹岩为主的中酸性火山岩。岩石薄片观察和主量、微量元素研究发现,后期热液蚀变、区域埋深及低温水合作用对流纹岩的Si、K、Rb等元素含量产生一定影响; 流纹岩明显富集Rb、Th、U、Pb等强不相容元素,Ba、Sr、Ti、Eu、P 负异常,暗示其经历了斜长石、磷灰石和钛铁矿分离结晶作用。流纹岩的(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i(0.705265 ~ 0.711895)值变化范围较大,大多数ε_Nd(t)为正值(1.83 ~ 3.38),Pb同位素比值相对集中,(²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i=18.09～18.32,(²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i=15.50 ~ 15.54,(²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb)_i=37.80 ~ 38.10。研究表明,岩石的源区为大比例年轻成分与少量古老地壳的混合部分熔融,其演化过程中经历了不同程度的地壳混染。松辽盆地早白垩世火山岩为板内伸展环境喷发的产物,可能与太平洋板块俯冲导致的中国东部岩石圈减薄、软流圈上涌密切相关。     

甘肃永昌南坝杂岩体的地球化学特征及构造意义

走廊过渡带石羊硐岩基南坝杂岩体含有大量的闪长质包体,作者在原1∶5万区域地质填图资料的基础上,再次开展了该杂岩体内的包体和寄主岩的岩石学、主量及微量元素地球化学研究工作,确定南坝杂岩体的包体具火成结构,包体与寄主岩存在地球化学差异、但同时二者主量元素、微量元素在比值-比值协变图中呈双曲线或直线变异关系,在共分母比值-比值成分变异图中则呈直线变异特点,反映了壳幔混源的特征;根据杂岩体内强烈的塑性构造变形及杂岩体主要岩性在R1-R2图解及微量元素洋脊花岗岩标准化图解上的判别结果,确定该杂岩体属同碰撞花岗岩,与祁连地体与阿拉善地体的碰撞有关,是碰撞晚期构造机制转化阶段的产物,而与二地体碰撞有关的底侵作用是走廊过渡带地壳生长的重要因素之一。     

Petrology,geochemistry and tectonic setting of the Khoy ophiolite,northwest Iran: implications for Tethyan tectonics

The Khoy ophiolite in northwestern Iran represents a remnant of oceanic lithosphere formed in the Mesozoic Neo-Tethys. This northwest–southeast trending ophiolite complex consists from bottom to top (east to west) of a well-defined basal metamorphic zone, peridotites (dunite, harzburgite) and serpentinized peridotite, gabbros, sheeted dikes, pillow and massive lava flows, and pelagic sedimentary rocks, including radiolarian chert. The rocks of the metamorphic zone have an inverse thermal gradient from amphibolite facies to greenschist facies. The high-grade metamorphic rocks are immediately adjacent to the peridotite and the gabbros and the low-grade rocks are in contact with the Precambrian Kahar Formation. Based on mantle-normalized incompatible trace element diagrams there are two distinct types of basalt flows present at the Khoy ophiolite: (1) massive basalts that have patterns virtually identical to E-MORB, and (2) pillow basalts that have more primitive chemical composition whose trace element patterns plot between E-MORB and N-MORB. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the pillow basalts are LREE-depleted [(La_N/Sm_N)_ave=0.70], similar to patterns for the mean diabase composition for the Oman ophiolite and LREE-depleted basalts of the Band-e-Zeyarat ophiolite of southern Iran. The REE patterns for the massive basalts are similar in general REE abundances to the pillow basalt patterns, but they are slightly LREE-enriched [(La_N/Sm_N)_ave=1.09] and their patterns cross those of the pillow basalts. The REE patterns for the gabbros and diorites indicates that the crustal-suite rocks were most likely derived by a process of fractional crystallization from a common basaltic melt. This basaltic melt was most likely generated by approx. 20–25% partial melting of a simple lherzolite source and had REE concentrations of roughly 10× chondrite. A comparison between the results from the Khoy ophiolite and the data from other Iranian ophiolites reveals geochemical evidence to suggest a tectonic link between the Khoy ophiolite and the rest of the Iranian ophiolites. Our results suggest that Khoy ophiolite is equivalent to the inner group of Iranian ophiolites (e.g. Nain, Shahr-Babak, Sabzevar, Tchehel Kureh and Band-e-Zeyarat) and was formed as a result of closure of the northwestern branch of a narrow Mesozoic seaway which once surrounded the Central Iranian microcontinent.