弱GPS信号捕获算法及其仿真研究

为满足低信噪比环境下的导航需要,介绍了一种基于改进循环相关的GPS基带信号捕获算法。本文借助于GPS信号基带数学模型以及FFT技术,从理论层面上对捕获算法的信号处理流程以及捕获性能进行了分析;并利用真实GPS基带数据对算法在低信噪比环境下的检测概率和捕获能力进行了重点仿真,仿真结果显示算法在低信噪比环境下是有效的,能够提高低信噪比环境下的检测概率和提高GPS接收机的检测灵敏度。     

弱GPS信号捕获算法的仿真实验研究

针对低信噪比环境下导航的需要,文章对低信噪比环境下弱GPS信号捕获算法进行了分析,重点对相关累加、非相关累加以及多重数据位循环相关累加捕获算法的信号处理流程和算法捕获性能进行讨论。通过特定的硬件装置获得真实的GPS信号,利用Matlab对上述3种常用的弱GPS信号捕获算法进行计算机仿真研究。根据理论分析和仿真结果可以看出,多重数据位循环相关捕获算法更适合检测低信噪比环境下的GPS信号。     

一种基于FFT的GPS中频信号捕获方法

本文针对GPS导航接收机对定位信号快速捕获的要求,给出了基于FFT并行运算的GPS中频信号快速捕获方法,同时在非相干累加、接收信噪比、先验信息、弱信号等方面分析了提高中频信号快速捕获的关键技术。数据实验表明：基于FFT的快速捕获方法具有抗干扰、捕获速度快和可捕获低信噪信号的能力,满足GPS接收机快速定位的要求。     

GPS中频信号快速捕获技术分析

为解决GPS中频信号快速捕获问题,在介绍GPS码相位和载频信号捕获原理的基础上,重点阐述了基于FFT的并行GPS中频信号快速捕获方法,同时在非相干累加、接收信噪比、先验信息等方面分析了提高中频信号快速捕获的可能性,最后利用一组GPS实测数据对上述分析进行了的仿真计算。仿真结果表明基于FFT技术的中频信号快速捕获方法具有抗干扰、捕获速度快和检测低信噪比信号的能力,可以满足GPS软件接收机定位的要求。     

CORDIC算法实现GPS信号捕获研究

在GPS接收机中,对GPS信号的捕获是最为关键的第一步。对GPS信号中伪码的初始相位和信号载频的估计是捕获的两个基本任务。在某些特定的环境下,比如室内、城市街道、树林,对信号的捕获变得困难。针对这个困难可以通过提高估计精度以减少估计误差带来的相关损失。但是信号累积和估计精度的提高都需要极大地增加运算量。本文提出了将CORDIC算法引入到GPS接收机,在保证大运算量的情况下,实现快速的计算时间。介绍了GPS信号捕获的基本原理,讨论了使用CORDIC算法的必要性以及实现方法。最后通过仿真验证了CORDIC算法能够有效提高GPS接收机的捕获速度。     

利用高精度PPS测量进行GPS-GLONASS时差监测

首先对三类不同卫星导航系统时间基准偏差监测途径进行简要介绍,并首次把高精度PPS(pulse per second)测量这种方法成功应用到GPS-GLONASS时差监测中。针对PPS测量方案作了较为详尽的论述和说明,包括硬件配置、数据采集和后处理等内容,在试验中利用两台GPS和GLONASS双模接收机分别输出1PPS的GPS和GLONASS秒脉冲信号,使用斯坦福大学的SR620精密时间间隔计数器进行PPS精密测量,从而得到GPS和GLONASS的系统时间偏差测量值,并通过带有汉宁窗的FIR滤波器得到GPS和GLONASS的系统时间偏差估计结果,其平均值为317.1ns,标准差为5.01ns。     

高灵敏度GPS技术的研究进展

介绍了高灵敏度GPS（High—Sensitivity GPS）技术的研究进展及高灵敏度GPS技术的应用前景和研究意义。分析了GPS信号在室内、森林、城市等一般GPS接收机无法应用环境的特性,综述了高灵敏度GPS关键技术的基本原理。高灵敏度GPS技术的核心就是室内环境微弱GPS信号的捕获技术,重点介绍了捕获室内环境弱GPS信号的基本方法,总结了各种捕获算法的特点。     

BOC信号改进码相位捕获算法研究

BOC(binary offset carrier)信号自相关函数存在多值性,BOC信号的捕获不能简单地移植GPS信号捕获算法。在分析经典并行码相位算法和BOC信号互相关特性基础上,仿真分析了并行码相位搜索算法对BOC信号进行捕获的有效性,并针对经典算法在低信噪比条件下捕获信号存在的不足,对经典算法进行了改进设计,并利用改进算法对多种BOC信号进行了仿真分析。结果表明,本文提出的改进捕获算法适用于BOC(pn,n)信号(p为整数),扩展了经典算法的适用范围,且与经典算法相比,改进捕获算法对所给定BOC信号能够改善捕获信噪比10dB,可显著提高接收机捕获灵敏度,对接收机BOC信号捕获算法设计具有重要意义。     

电磁干扰对GPS双频接收机定位精度的影响

分析了载频干扰对GPS定位精度影响的基本原理。通过设置不同的载频干扰环境,检验了双频GPS接收机在L_1和L_2载频干扰下的定位精度。同时通过分析记录卫星信号信噪比和伪距误差的变化以及双频接收机电离层修正误差,对干扰导致的接收机定位误差原因进行了分析。从而为现有GPS接收机在复杂电磁环境下的使用和事后数据处理提供了依据和参考。     

基于GPS单频软件接收机的捕获与跟踪算法实现

在分析基于软件无线电全球定位系统（GPS）接收机结构的基础上,研究了GPS单频软件接收机的捕获和跟踪算法,并基于MATLAB平台在PC上仿真了GPS单频软件接收机样机。信号捕获采用基于快速傅里叶变换（FFT）的并行码相位搜捕算法;信号跟踪联合使用超前滞后非相干延迟锁定环和科斯塔斯环的跟踪环结构。采用实测数据对信号捕获、跟踪算法进行了分析和验证。结果表明：仿真的GPS单频软件接收机具备基本的基带信号处理功能。     

Heading and Pitch Determination Using GPS/GLONASS

This article describes a single difference approach to estimate heading and pitch with a twin global positoning system (GPS)/GLONASS (GG) receiver system. Augmentation of GPS with GLONASS is not straightforward, however, because the latter system employs the frequency division multiple access technique to distinguish the signals form different satellites, rather than the code division multiple access technique used by GPS. The fact that each GLONASS signal has its own slightly different frequency makes the double difference (DD) of carrier phase observables no longer possible without modification. To get around this problem, the use of the between-receiver single difference (SD) of the carrier phase observables is proposed. In this case, however, receiver clock and other errors do not cancel out. The possibility of using a common external oscillator for the two receivers is explored. Remaining time and other biases are estimated using a low-pass averaging filter. The single difference integer ambiguities can then be resolved and the heading and pitch can be determined with a relatively good level of accuracy. Static and kinematic tests conducted with a pair of GPS/GLONASS receivers are used to validate the approach. Under reduced visibility, the combined GPS/GLONASS approach is shown to yield superior availability. ? 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

高灵敏度GPS和Galileo信号联合捕获方法

针对传统接收机无法同时捕获两种不同卫星系统信号Galileo E1或GPS C/A的问题,该文提出E1和C/A相干联合捕获和E1-C和C/A相干联合捕获两种新算法。基于E1和C/A联合相干捕获算法,利用E1的数据信号和导频信号与C/A进行联合相干捕获,推导出了捕获灵敏度的计算式,实现了对两种信号的同时捕获。采用E1-C和C/A相干联合捕获算法,仅利用E1的导频信号E1-C和C/A进行捕获,简化了联合捕获的推导过程。仿真结果显示,两种联合捕获均比单独捕获E1或C/A的灵敏度高,为新一代GNSS接收机提供了新的卫星信号捕获方法。     

A USRP2-based reconfigurable multi-constellation multi-frequency GNSS software receiver front end

We present a multi-constellation multi-band GNSS software receiver front end based on USRP2, a general purpose radio platform. When integrated with appropriate daughter boards, the USRP2 can be used to collect raw intermediate frequency (IF) data covering the entire GNSS family of signals. In this study, C++ class-based software receiver processing functions were developed to process the IF data for GPS L1, L2C, and L5 and GLONASS L1 and L2 signals collected by the USRP2 front end. The front end performance is evaluated against the outputs of a high end custom front end driven by the same local oscillator and two commercial receivers, all using the same real signal sources. The results show that for GPS signals, the USRP2 front end typically generates carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N ₀) at 1–3 and 1–2 dB below that of the high end front end and a NovAtel receiver, respectively. For GLONASS signals, the USRP2 C/N ₀ outputs are comparable to those of a Septentrio receiver. The carrier phase noise from the USRP2 outputs is similar to those of the benchmarking devices. These results demonstrate that the USRP2 is a suitable front end for applications, such as ionosphere scintillation studies.     

GNSS双频兼容互操作接收机信号捕获方法

随着我国北斗导航系统“全球组网”序幕的拉开,设计实现接收机的兼容互操作功能已变成接收机设计领域的一个研究热点。文中针对GNSS双频兼容互操作接收机信号捕获环节设计中遇到的处理时间长、捕获精度低、硬件资源消耗大、兼容性差等问题,设计一种基于频域处理的信号捕获算法。该算法在传统频域捕获的基础上,优化频域转换资源利用与遍历方式,在能量累加方面加入相干与非相干累加方式,达到微弱信号捕获。借助Xilinx软件Vivado及其仿真工具,对整个捕获系统进行了仿真实现,验证了算法设计的准确性,本算法可以捕获信号功率-135 dB以上的信号,可捕获的载波多普勒频率范围满足实际工程需求。在实际工程验证中,本算法能较好地满足工程应用性能要求。      

单站多参数GLONASS码频间偏差估计及其对组合精密单点定位的影响

在分析传统GPS/GLONASS组合PPP数学模型中忽略GLONASS码IFB不足的基础上,提出一种基于"多参数"的组合PPP与码IFB估计算法。将"频间偏差"与"系统时差"参数进行合并,通过引入多个独立的"时频偏差"参数对组合PPP中的GLONASS码IFB进行函数模型补偿,同时可实现基于单个测站观测数据的码IFB精确估计。对配备6种GNSS品牌接收机的30个IGS站实测数据进行GLONASS码IFB估计与分析。结果表明:各品牌接收机不同频率通道的GLONASS码IFB可达数米,且表现出与频率的明显相关性,但难以通过简单函数建模为其提供精确的先验改正值;相同品牌接收机的GLONASS码IFB整体上具有相似的特性,而在个别测站会表现出异常特征;即使接收机类型、固件版本及天线类型完全相同的测站,GLONASS码IFB值也可能存在显著差异。新算法能实现对GLONASS码IFB的有效补偿,明显加快组合PPP的收敛速度。虽然引入多个附加参数会导致函数模型自由度减小,但对定位精度的影响有限,与传统"单参数"法进行组合PPP的定位精度相当。     

Performance analysis of integrated GPS/GLONASS carrier phase-based positioning

Due to the different signal frequencies for the GLONASS satellites, the commonly-used double-differencing procedure for carrier phase data processing can not be implemented in its straightforward form, as in the case of GPS. In this paper a novel data processing strategy, involving a three-step procedure, for integrated GPS/GLONASS positioning is proposed. The first is pseudo-range-based positioning, that uses double-differenced (DD) GPS pseudo-range and single-differenced (SD) GLONASS pseudo-range measurements to derive the initial position and receiver clock bias. The second is forming DD measurements (expressed in cycles) in order to estimate the ambiguities, by using the receiver clock bias estimated in the above step. The third is to form DD measurements (expressed in metric units) with the unknown SD integer ambiguity for the GLONASS reference satellite as the only parameter (which is constant before a cycle slip occurs for this satellite). A real-time stochastic model estimated by residual series over previous epochs is proposed for integrated GPS/GLONASS carrier phase and pseudo-range data processing. Other associated issues, such as cycle slip detection, validation criteria and adaptive procedure(s) for ambiguity resolution, is also discussed. The performance of this data processing strategy will be demonstrated through case study examples of rapid static positioning and kinematic positioning. From four experiments carried out to date, the results indicate that rapid static positioning requires 1 minute of single frequency GPS/GLONASS data for 100% positioning success rate. The single epoch positioning solution for kinematic positioning can achieve 94.6% success rate over short baselines (<6 km).     

An investigation of GNSS atomic clock behavior at short time intervals

A technique for obtaining clock measurements from individual GNSS satellites at short time intervals is presented. The methodology developed in this study allows for accurate satellite clock stability analysis without an ultra-stable clock at the ground receiver. Variations in the carrier phase caused by the satellite clock are isolated using a combination of common GNSS carrier-phase processing techniques. Furthermore, the white phase variations caused by the thermal noise of the collection and processing equipment are statistically modeled and removed, allowing for analysis of clock performance at subsecond intervals. Allan deviation analyses of signals collected from GPS and GLONASS satellites reveal distinct intervals of clock noise for timescales less than 100 s. The clock data collected from GPS Block IIA, IIR, IIR-M, and GLONASS satellites reveal similar stability performance at time periods greater than 20 s. The GLONASS clock stability in the 0.6–10 s range, however, is significantly worse than GPS. Applications that rely on ultra-stable clock behavior from the GLONASS satellites at these timescales may therefore require high-rate corrections to estimate and remove oscillator-based errors in the carrier phase.     

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED GPS/GLONASS CARRIER PHASE-BASED POSITIONING

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