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天然气水合物是一种新型的清洁能源, 南海北部神狐海域的地质条件有利于水合物的形成和储藏。传统的多道地震(MCS)数据难以得到精确的速度信息, 并且只能从时间域上判断地质体纵向分布。海底地震仪(OBS)是一种常用的主动源地震仪器, 可以接收到更清晰的气枪信号。相比于MCS, OBS剖面上的折射震相可以揭示较深部的地层速度信息。文章结合MCS和OBS的优势, 识别水平叠加剖面上的反射层位, 并得到初始模型; 将OBS剖面和水平叠加剖面拼合, 从而判断OBS剖面上反射震相所对应层位; 拾取OBS台站上的反射和折射震相, 使用RayInvr软件正演模拟得到水合物存在区域的二维速度模型, 解决了MCS中较为困难的时深转换问题。最终模型显示了水合物、游离气区域的埋深、厚度和速度, 以及似海底反射(BSR)下方更深部界面的深度和速度特征。 相似文献
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时深转换是将地震资料解释成果转化为地质成果的一个重要环节,以油田勘探实际资料为例针对几种不同的时深转换方法进行深入讨论.对于常速成图分区分深度进行幂函数拟合是最理想的办法,对于变速成图在实际应用中需根据不同的资料特征和实际情况选用不同的变速成图方法.通过变速成图计算误差的对比阐述各种方法的优缺点和适用范围,进而根据不同的地质及地震反射条件,选择合适的时深转换方法,以达到最佳的地质成果. 相似文献
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受大深度水体的影响,传统的海面拖曳式多道地震技术在进行深水地层探测时,目标地层深度处的菲涅耳半径非常大,水平分辨率低,难以满足海域天然气水合物高精度探测需求。针对海面拖曳式地震探测技术存在的上述问题,设计了一套可以在2 000 m水深近海底作业的地震探测系统。应用耐压透声发射阵技术,克服了20 MPa外压环境和瞬时内压冲击对等离子体震源子波幅频特性的不利影响,研制的深拖等离子体震源的声源级达到214 dB,主频低于1 000 Hz;水下控制中心采用集成SoC片上系统设计,可以对震源进行定距激发控制,进行近海底多道地震数据的连续采集。系统在2019年深海试验拖曳最大深度达2 025 m,测试剖面数据显示最大地层穿透深度达380 m,纵向分辨率<2 m,横向分辨率<10 m,为深水海域沉积地层的深拖高分辨率地震探测提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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基于崎岖海底定量校正的时深转换方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究区位于深水低勘探区,崎岖海底等普遍存在,受地震、钻井和速度等资料条件的限制,只能采用去海水的拟合公式法进行时深转换。然而去海水拟合公式法时深转换会因崎岖海底而造成假构造现象,且常规的崎岖海底填平校正方法存在一定的不足。用去海水拟合公式法计算出时转深层位,并比较时转深层位与深度域地震资料的横向构造形态变化,引入了构造形态相似率的概念,建立了崎岖海底填平量化评分模板来对崎岖海底进行填平校正,最后根据最高得分值来确定最佳平滑网格的海底和合适的时转深层位,在一定程度上消除了崎岖海底造成的假构造现象和支持了构造成图的需求。 相似文献
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1996和1997年,在日本TOKAI离岸Nankai海槽采集了四分量的海底地震检波器(OBS)数据。我们将OBS数据与多道地震数据(MCS)联合分析,研究甲烷水合物在沉积中的分布和特征。地震数据揭示了一个非常复杂的动态沉积史,受控于下沉的浊流沉积、活动通道、褶皱以及陡倾角断层。不管这点,表明气体水合物存在的似海底反射(BSR),很容易识别为一个振幅横向变化的反射。
对于OBS反射数据,我们应用一种成像技术,获得的结果与多道地震剖面有很好的吻合。我们还应用模拟和反演程序揭示详尽的速度结构。东Nankai海槽水深在930至1160m之间的区域,OBS数据允许我们构建一个含9个地层的地球物理模型描述其最上部700m的沉积。旅行时反演给出了上升的P波速度,其值达到2100m/s。如此高的P波速度可以解释为部分的水合物饱和度达到孔隙空间部的20%。在海底以下320m处,BSR与P波速度的明显下降相对应,速度值大约降至1580至1750m/s之间。这一低速层厚约80m。S波速度通过广角数据的同相轴相关、时间拾取和正演模拟得到,在水合物稳定带其值达到700—750m。在BSR正下方,我们观测到s波的速度有小的下降。这可能暗示水合物对沉积基质的弱胶结作用。在更深的位置,高P波与S波速度表明沉积过固结,这归因于独特的压缩构造背景。 相似文献
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基于高分辨率浅剖与钻孔信息对比的金州湾海底声速的统计特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
声波在海底沉积物中的传播速度是一个重要参数,弄清海底沉积物中声速的变化规律具有极其重要的意义。以渤海金州湾海域为例,在进行畸变校正的基础上,基于高分辨率浅地层剖面与钻孔数据的对比分析,实现了全新世沉积层和基岩界面以上沉积层声速的准确反演,并采用统计学方法分析讨论了研究区内的声速特征和变化规律,结果表明,全新世沉积层平均声速的95%置信区间为1 449.60~1 655.72 m/s,平均值为1 560.34 m/s;基岩界面以上沉积层平均声速的95%置信区间为1 657.96~1 970.80 m/s,平均值为1 765.63 m/s;研究区内海底地层的声速与埋藏深度之间呈现明显的正线性相关关系,声速梯度为4.18 s?1。 相似文献
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《海洋地质前沿》2016,(10)
崂山隆起位于南黄海盆地的中部,新生代地层沉积薄,其底部存在高速屏蔽层,加上中—古生代地层经历了多期构造运动,导致中—古生界地震有效反射信号弱、成像效果较差,地震处理中采用常规速度谱拾取不能准确获得高速屏蔽层下的地层速度,给叠前时间偏移和叠前深度偏移的速度建模工作带来很大困难。近几年,青岛海洋地质研究所在南黄海崂山隆起采集了大容量震源长电缆地震数据,获得了来自中—古生界的初至波信息。采用初至波层析成像方法来揭示高速屏蔽层下中—古生界速度变化信息,主要通过拾取初至波时间,建立初始速度模型,经过不断迭代反演得到最终速度模型。结果表明,高速屏蔽层下地层速度横向变化剧烈,存在速度为3 500~4 000m/s的低速层,预测为碎屑岩;速度为5 100~5 500m/s的高速层,预测为碳酸盐岩地层。 相似文献
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我们对海底以下气体水合物的广泛分布之认识源于似海底反射(BSRs)这一地震观测结果。根据纵波速度研究BSRs精细结构的全波形反演是一种可行技术,我们将非线性的全波形反演技术用于研究秘鲁近海的一处BSR。首先利用一个统计的反演技术确定地震速度变化特征,使旅行曲线的相关能量最大化。这些速度被用作全波形反演的初始模型,并产生BSR附近详尽的速度/深度模型。我们发现数据与一个由薄的低速层形成的BSR的模型吻合最好。在18m的层内,纵波速度由2.15km/s下降至平均速度为1.70km/s,在其中6m在层内,最小速率仅1.62km/s。利用纵波速度反演结果,计算沉积物中的气体含量,结果表明低速层为厚6-18m、孔隙空间含部分游离气的地带。BSR的出现与地层区域垂向抬升相一致。因此,我们认为该BSR处的气体是由于抬升作用造成压力下降,水合物稳定带底部水合物分解而形成的。 相似文献
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Estimating the amount of gas-hydrate and free-gas is difficult in deep seas even with scientific coring and downhole measurements. Well data may be incompatible between holes of a site as well as with depth in the same hole. In this paper, we demonstrate an approach to estimate saturation of gas-hydrate from seismic velocities at any site where data set is limited. The study is carried out in the outer Blake Ridge, which is one of the most intensively studied regions of natural gas-hydrate occurrences and a very distinctive example of studying geophysical signatures of gas-hydrate and free-gas in deep marine sediments. Although, downhole measurements from both vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) and sonic logs provide the most accurate and direct measurements of velocity, only VSP velocities at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 994, 995, and 997 on the Blake Ridge are used to estimate the saturation of gas-hydrate and free-gas as sonic logs at ODP sites are not reliable. Here we derive a general trend of the background velocity with depth using the porosity and mineralogy from coring at discrete depth intervals. Saturations of gas-hydrate and free-gas are then estimated from this background velocity using the effective medium modeling. The porosity and mineralogical compositions are taken from four different depths at Site 995, as data quality is the best in this hole. Average saturations of gas-hydrate and free-gas at three holes are estimated as 10–14 and 2–3%, respectively. 相似文献
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2D and 3D seismic reflection and well log data from Andaman deep water basin are analyzed to investigate geophysical evidence related to gas hydrate accumulation and saturation. Analysis of seismic data reveals the presence of a bottom simulating reflector (BSR) in the area showing all the characteristics of a classical BSR associated with gas hydrate accumulation. Double BSRs are also observed on some seismic sections of area (Area B) that suggest substantial changes in pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions in the past. The manifestation of changes in P–T conditions can also be marked by the varying gas hydrate stability zone thickness (200–650 m) in the area. The 3D seismic data of Area B located in the ponded fill, west of Alcock Rise has been pre-stack depth migrated. A significant velocity inversion across the BSR (1,950–1,650 m/s) has been observed on the velocity model obtained from pre-stack depth migration. The areas with low velocity of the order of 1,450 m/s below the BSR and high amplitudes indicate presence of dissociated or free gas beneath the hydrate layer. The amplitude variation with offset analysis of BSR depicts increase in amplitude with offset, a similar trend as observed for the BSR associated with the gas hydrate accumulations. The presence of gas hydrate shown by logging results from a drilled well for hydrocarbon exploration in Area B, where gas hydrate deposit was predicted from seismic evidence, validate our findings. The base of the hydrate layer derived from the resistivity and acoustic transit-time logs is in agreement with the depth of hydrate layer interpreted from the pre-stack depth migrated seismic section. The resistivity and acoustic transit-time logs indicate 30-m-thick hydrate layer at the depth interval of 1,865–1,895 m with 30 % hydrate saturation. The total hydrate bound gas in Area B is estimated to be 1.8 × 1010 m3, which is comparable (by volume) to the reserves in major conventional gas fields. 相似文献
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中国近海四分量地震资料解释及应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
莺歌海盆地中浅层存在大量的密度型、低速型和钙质型亮点,只有低速型亮点才是气藏亮点,单纯用纵波地震难以准确预测出亮点类型;莺歌海盆地中深层可能还存在中弱振幅型的气层,用纵波地震预测这种形式的气层也是很困难的。四分量地震可较好地解决上述问题。浅层气层的纵横波振幅比、速度比、泊松比远远低于水层和泥岩层,中深层气层的纵横波速度比和泊松比明显低于其它层。用纵横波地震参数比可较好地预测岩性和气藏。应用不同方向的转换横波的走时差异、准各向异性系数的大小及横向(Y)分量的转换横波的反射能量的强弱来预测地层岩石各向异性的强弱。总结出了一套适合于中国近海四分量地震勘探资料解释和应用的流程。四分量地震技术在改善莺歌海盆地的构造成像、浅层气层检测及岩石各向异性(裂隙预测)方面的效果是很好的。乐东8-1等构造中深层的储层发育,储盖组合和储层物性均较好,中深层的勘探前景是比较好的。 相似文献
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We investigate the estimation of gas hydrate and free gas concentration using various rock physics models in the Cascadia accretionary prism, which is one of the most intensively studied regions of natural gas hydrate occurrences. Surface seismic reflection data is the most useful and cost-effective in deriving seismic velocity, and hence estimating gas hydrate and free gas across a BSR with depth, if a proper background (without gas hydrate and free gas) velocity is chosen. We have used effective medium theory of Helgerud et al. (EMTH) and, a combination of self-consistent approximation and differential effective medium (SCA-DEM) theory coupled with smoothing approximation for crystalline aggregate. Using the SCA-DEM (non-load-bearing) and EMTH (load-bearing) modeling, we calculate the average saturations of gas hydrate as 17 and 19%, respectively within ~100 m thick sedimentary column using velocity, derived from the surface seismic data. The saturations of gas hydrate are estimated as 15 and 18% using the SCA-DEM, and 20 and 25% using EMTH from the logging-while-drilling and wire-line sonic velocities, respectively. Estimations of gas hydrate from Poisson’s ratio are in average 50% for EMTH and 10% for SCA-DEM theory. We obtain the maximum saturation of free gas as 1–2% by employing the SCA-DEM theory either to seismic or sonic velocities, whereas the free-gas saturation varies between 0.1 and 0.4% for EMTH model. The gas hydrate saturation estimated from the sonic velocity and the free gas saturation derived from both the seismic and sonic velocities using the SCA-DEM modeling match quite well with those determined from the pressure core data in the study region. 相似文献