THE HUMAN GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTHEAST ASIA: AN ANALYSIS OF POST-WAR DEVELOPMENTS

This paper reviews the directional shifts in human geographical research on Southeast Asia from 1945 to the present. It first begins with an overview of the identity of the region as conceived in various cultural traditions, such as the Greek, Arabic and Indian traditions. This is followed by an evaluation of regional geographies of Southeast Asia in the post-war period, highlighting the pre-eminence of the geostrategic definition of the region and the failure to come to grips with its rich cultural-historical identity. The paper then goes on to show that, arising from the changes in conceptual developments and methodologies in geography, the early regional emphasis then shifted to systematic concerns, with a movement away from ‘encyclopaedic’ to ‘adjectival’ geography (economic, urban, population, political, cultural and historical) and a greater emphasis on issues concerning national development. Since the 1980s, there have also been fewer regional works on Southeast Asia and though there are now many more indigenous geographers within the region, much of their research is based on their own national or provincial areas. However, this may shift again, given that rapid economic growth has now given the region prominence. Certainly, there is renewed multi-disciplinary interest in Southeast Asia.     

东亚地区森林植被带的三维空间分布

东亚森林植被带主要由热带亚热带雨林（季雨林）、暖温带常绿阔叶林、冷温带落中阔叶林和亚寒带针叶林组成。这些植被带的垂直分布高度随纬度（温度梯度）和经度（干湿度梯度）的不同而变化，本文根据大量的地植物学资料，从生态气候学的角度研究了这种变化的规律性并给予了定理的表达。结果表明，在湿润气候区，各森林植被带的分布高度随纬度的增加而下降，下降趋势能用多级正弦函数来表达，随着经度的增加（由内陆向沿海变化），各     

THE MODERNIZATION OF SUGAR PRODUCTION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, 1880–1940

ABSTRACT. Southeast Asia is an ideal location in which to study the modernization of sugar production, given that the presence of six colonial powers makes comparisons possible. The Dutch took the lead in modernizing the region's sugar industry by breeding new varieties of sugarcane and by introducing central sugar factories. The article takes these two innovations as indexes of modernization and traces their diffusion through the region. It demonstrates that colonial policy largely determined the speed of acceptance of these innovations. Modernization made the sugar industry dependent on the continuing success of scientific research, restructured the relations between worker and factory, and, by supplanting the previous system of sugar production, Chinese in origin, changed the human geography of the region.     

滇东南喀斯特峰丛地区灰岩土壤的基本性质和综合评价

本文以云南省西畴西部为例,阐述了滇东南喀斯特峰丛地区灰岩土壤的形成、分类和分布规律。从土壤的颜色、结构、机械组成、化学组成、游离碳酸钙、pH值、有机质含量、碳氮比、氮磷钾含量、盐基代换量和盐基饱和度、微量元素含量等方面,对灰岩土壤的基本理化性质进行了分析和评价,提出了合理利用途径。     

DESERTIFICATION ASSESSMENT USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS AND GIS IN SOUTHEAST IRAN

Studying the factors influencing desertification progress of a region and its resulting zoning can be effective in helping to reduce the damage of this phenomenon. This study attempted to investigate the factors influencing desertification progress; hence, it proceeded to zone Sistan and Baluchestan Province using three analytic hierarchy processes, Expert Choice software and a geographic information system. First, factors affecting desertification progress were checked and they were then used to determine the most important aspects in order of priority as follows: climatic elements (temperature, evaporation, wind, precipitation and humidity), morphology (topography and slope) and human factors (land cover). Then, a zoning map of desertification‐prone lands was prepared. The results showed that, in terms of hazard progress of these lands, there were five desertification hazard regions in Sistan and Baluchestan Province with an area of about 187 502 km² and high hazard regions covering approximately 29.2% of the province were located in the north of the province. High hazard regions with an approximate area of 3.20% of the total area of the province were mostly located in Saravan, Khash, and the surrounding areas; medium hazard regions with an approximate area of 19.6% were in Iranshahr and the southeastern part of the province; low hazard regions with an area of about 18.2% were in the southern parts of the province; and very low hazard regions with an approximate area of 12.7% were in Nikshahr and the southern parts of the province.     

闽东南地区降雨侵蚀力的初步研究

本文利用实测降雨与径流小区资料对闽东南地区不同降雨类型的雨强等特点及其对土壤侵蚀的影响进行了分析；提出了６０分钟瞬时最大雨强为侵蚀性降雨指标，其指标在该地区为Ｉ６０≥９ｍｍ；建立了研究区年侵蚀力Ｒ值的简便算式，并根据谝绘制了研究区Ｒ值分布图。     

GLACIER RETREAT IN THE MARITIME ALPS AREA

In the southernmost tract of the Alps (Italian‐French Maritime Alps), extensively covered by glaciers during the Last Glacial Maximum, about 30 small glaciers were present by the end of the Little Ice Age. The aim of this paper is to document the progressive decrease towards exhaustion of these glaciers, located at the latitude of 44° N, highlighting the factors affecting their retreat. All available data sources were investigated for this work including: the annual glaciers fluctuations record, comparative analyses of historical maps and multi‐temporal oblique photographs and direct surveys in the field. The history of the Maritime Alps glaciers fluctuations was thoroughly reconstructed. Stationary conditions were observed from 1896 up to the beginning of the 1930s; since then they underwent phases of withdrawal with variable intensity. In the early 1990s, only six glaciers were still present, the extent of which were all was dramatically reduced. In the past two decades, the Maritime Alps glacier fronts experienced a global retreat of about 100 m, with a sharp acceleration after 2002. Currently ice patches along cirque walls and/or semi‐buried lenses of ice are still present; morphological evidence of permafrost creeping in the glacier forefield accounts for the incipient transition to periglacial landforms (i.e. rock glaciers). The main factors controlling glaciers retreat seem to have been their original extent at the beginning of the current regressive phase and their distance from the main chain divide. From a climatic point of view unfavourable factors for glaciers persistence have been in the last decades a remarkable and sharp temperature increase, a decrease in winter snowfall and a shift of the rainfall peak from autumn to spring.     

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: PAST THEMES, CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE TRENDS

Our knowledge regarding the physical geography of Southeast Asia is incomplete to a surprising extent. This paper reviews the past research, describes the ongoing work, and attempts to identify the future trends. Coverage of such a large area, even for the last 25 years, requires study of publications in several languages and coping with literature which is not easily available. Therefore certain topics. which are prominent in current research and likely to remain so in the future were chosen and reviewed in detail. Such topics include studies related to active plate margin features; the Pleistocene in Southeast Asia; erosion and sedimentation rates; rainforest; river systems; karst in Southeast Asia; coastal geomorphology; and the urban environment. Environmental studies are rapidly gaining importance chiefly because of (a) the destruction of the natural vegetation and the associated loss of biodiversity and (b) the growing problems due to accelerated erosion and sedimentation This trend is likely to continue with accelerated destruction of forests, development of coastal areas, and urbanization of the landscape The direction of research in physical geography of Southeast Asia has been determined by a combination of individual research interest, governmental priorities, and international expectations     

广东省森林公园发展态势及对策研究

森林公园及森林生态旅游业已在广东省社会、经济和生活中发挥举足轻重的作用,是广东省林业部门进行森林资源立体开发、综合利用的优势项目,也是广东省全面发挥森林多种效益的一项系统工程。文中介绍广东省森林公园发展的现状特点,借鉴国外森林公园建设的经验教训,在管理、立法、资金、基础设施优化以及精品促销等方面进行了有益的探讨,力求促进广东省森林公园建设事业持续、快速、健康发展和经济、社会、生态三大效益相互协调。     

四川森林的地域分异特点

四川的地形主要是山地,因而四川森林属山地类型,其中以松Pinaceae林和栎Fa-gaceae林为主。松林和栎林在四川森林中具有代表性。在地理分布上四川森林的地域分异极为明显。根据森林的地域分异特点,将四川林区划分为9个森林分布区。     

查格勒布鲁剖面—晚更新世以来东亚季风进退的地层记录

本文着重分析了查格勒布鲁剖面沉积物的粒度特征和孢粉组合特征，结合（１４）Ｃ测年、古冰缘现象和沉积物化学元素的ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３分子比值变化规律指出，晚更新世以来巴丹吉林沙漠南缘地区的气候条件随全球冰期气候的波动亦经历了由晚更新世早期的相对温湿阶段、晚更新世晚期尤其是末次盛冰期的干冷阶段向全新世温暖期的演化过程。东亚夏季风尾阎在晚更新世早期到达甚至越过本区影响到拐子湖一带，晚更新世晚期本区受冬季风的控制，全新世以来东亚夏季风尾闾又向本区推进，并于全新世大暖期对本区造成明显影响。