双壳类软体动物精子发生及其在系统演化研究中的应用前景

综述了双壳类软体动物精子发生及精子形态结构方面的研究进展，指出双壳类软体动物精子发生过程中精细胞分化具有种、属特异性，精细胞分化的细节是区别个体外部形态很近的物种的依据；精子的形态结构具有种的特征，精子结构的比较研究将成为双壳类软体动物系统演化研究的重要方法之一。     

东太平洋沉积物U的地球化学

本文对地矿部“海洋四号”科学考察船１９８７－１９８９年在东赤道太平洋ＣＣ区所取得的２７个深海表层沉积样品进行Ｕ的地球化学分析，探讨了Ｕ在深海沉积中的地球化学行为，结果表明，不同类型沉积的Ｕ含量不同，平均值由大至小的次序的含沸石粘土（２．１６×１０＾－６），硅质粘土（１．９５×１０＾－６），硅质软泥（１．６５×１０＾－６），钙质硅质粘土（１．５９×１０＾－６），在同类型沉积中Ｕ的分散性较大；Ｕ在区域     

东太平洋海隆上的现代成矿作用

研究了活动的“黑色吸烟者”区大洋底层水中，悬浮和溶解诉Ｈｇ、Ｃｅ，Ｚｎ的空间分布，当液体从喷泉的管道中流出时，在周围的海水敢特殊的蘑菇状异常区，可达海底以上１０００ｍ处。该区富含溶解的锌和铈但贫溶解的汞。悬浮状态的金属异常区到达较低的层位，在该处水的上升速度接近或小于悬浮颗粒的下沉速度。随着向较高层位过渡 ，明显地观察到悬浮状态向溶解状态的转移过程。     

微型藻类对太平洋牡蛎幼虫生长的影响

微型藻类的营养价值,对于确定其是否适合作为双壳类动物幼虫和稚贝发育的鲜饵料是很重要的依据。日本学者对适合作为太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)幼虫鲜饵料的四种藻类:角刺藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)、角刺藻(C. calcitrans)、陆兹尔巴夫藻(Pavlova lutheri)和海水小球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)进行了探讨和比较。 用上述四种藻类分别投喂太平洋牡蛎幼虫21天后发现:角刺藻(C. gracilis)、角刺藻(C.     

中太平洋和东太平洋火山沉积作用的差异：矿物学的证据

中太平洋和东太平洋的沸石粘土沉积岩心（ＣＰ３０和ＣＣＡ１２１）的矿物学特征揭示了早中新世以来两个洋区火山沉积作用的差异。首先,中太平洋火山组分来自偏碱性的火山母岩,而且从早中新世到第四纪,母岩碱性增加;而东太平洋火山组分的母岩主要呈基性,从早中新世到现代,母岩具有由碱性向基性变化的趋势,表明洋壳或上地幔在时空上具有不均匀性。其次,两个洋区火山沉积物中都含有陆源物质,但东太平洋受到了较中太平洋强的陆源作用影响。同时伴随着火山沉积作用,东太平洋一直存在热液沉积作用,为结核形成提供了丰富的成矿元素     

赤道东太平洋海：气基本要素特征及其相互联系

本文分析了赤道东太平洋区域海-气基本要素特征及其相互联系,为该区域的海-气相互作用的深入研究提出一些有意义的事实和依据。     

盐度对太平洋牡蛎面盘幼虫垂直分布的影响

于1986年夏、秋两季在福建省惠安、罗源采集太平洋牡蛎,以人工授精法获取受精卵,在空调室内研究盐度变化对太平洋牡蛎面盘幼虫趋性行为的影响。结果表明,盐度的提高能促使牡蛎D形面盘幼虫从正趋地性转变为负趋地性,同时幼虫的正趋光性也得到加强。在D形面盘幼虫期,能引起趋光性加强的盐度增加阈值为2.9×10~(-12);在8日龄壳顶面盘幼虫,提高至5.0×10~(-12)以上。当D形面盘幼虫和壳顶面盘幼虫分别从25×10~(-12)移置于30×10~(-12)时,趋光水平能得到明显提高的时间阈值分别为4h和6h。据以上结果,作者认为该种幼虫在河口区有无阻留的主动性取决于该区环境的变化,同时也与幼虫不同发育时期有关。盐跃层的存在对牡蛎幼虫垂直分布的影响表明,只要盐跃层为2.5×10~(-12),即能抑制幼虫的向上游泳;一旦盐跃层增加,其阻抑作用仍维持接近低盐跃层水平。这说明盐跃层的存在对牡蛎幼虫的垂直迁移具有重要作用。     

东太平洋铁锰结核区微生物的丰度及其成矿作用研究

于１９９４年４－１１月东太平洋铁锰结核期探区,随向阳红０９号船,采集了３９个表层沉积物,１２个上覆水和７个结核样,在现场用平板法测定了异养细菌和铁,锰细菌丰度,用稀释法（ＭＰＮ法）测定硫酸盐还原菌丰度,在实验室对船上带回的异养细菌和锰细菌进一步纯分分离,进行了１２项生化试验,对照伯杰氏手册第八版鉴定至属。为了探讨微生物在大洋成矿过程的作用,使用分光光度法,测定锰细菌对锰,铁离子的转化作用和不同培养     

赤道东太平洋海温对东亚～西北太平洋温带气旋的影响

本文分析了东亚～西北太平洋较强温带气旋的气修特征及其与赤道东太平洋海温的关系。得出,厄尔尼诺年或厄尔尼诺持续年,较强温带气旋偏多的对应关系占找优势。但当副热带高压偏强时,则较强温带气旋偏少。     

山东近岸双壳类体内重金属的研究(英文)

１９９３年和１９９４年,分别在山东沿海地区（长岛、烟台、蓬莱、威海、青岛、崂山、黄岛和胶南）采集了一些常见的底栖生物（蛤、扇贝、贻贝、毛蚶和牡蛎等）,用火焰和无火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定了这些生物体中的重金属（Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｒ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ和Ｎｉ）。结果表明重金属的浓度变化较大,取决于生物种类、元素本身和采样点。采用金属污染指数（ＭＰＩ）比较了不同采样点生物体的金属总量,ＭＰＩ的变化顺序为：威海、崂山＜胶南、长岛＜青岛＜蓬莱＜烟台＜黄岛。将双壳类体内重金属的含量与最大允许浓度进行比较,表明在本调查范围内山东沿海地区大多数双壳类可食部分的重金属含量对人类健康还是安全的。     

Catch and effort of the shore and skiboat linefisheries along the South African Eastern Cape Coast

An assessment of catch and effort in the Eastern Cape shore and skiboat linefisheries was undertaken between 1994 and 1996 by means of roving creel and access point surveys. Catch-and-effort data were obtained from direct observation of 3 273 shore-fishers, 172 recreational and 223 commercial skiboat outings. Total effort in the region was high at 903 186 fisher-days year^?1 in the shore fishery and 64 266 and 24 357 fisher-days year^?1 in the commercial and recreational skiboat sectors respectively. The fisheries are multispecies in nature. The shore fishery consisted of 66 species, the recreational skiboat fishery 44 species and the commercial skiboat fishery 48 species. Just 10 species accounted for 75, 83 and 90% of the catch of the shore, recreational and commercial skiboat fishery respectively. The average catch per unit effort (cpue) was low in all sectors, 1.15 kg fisher^?1 day^?1 in the shorefishery, 9.4 kg fisher^?1 day^?1 in the recreational skiboat fishery and 21.5 kg fisher^?1 day^?1 in the commercial skiboat fishery. Catch data showed that professional and club anglers are more successful fishers. Comparisons with historic records for Port Elizabeth revealed that the cpue in the shore fishery had declined markedly, whereas the total effort increase was negligible (0.1%). In addition, the species composition of the fishery has changed.     

Bioerosion by the sea urchin Diadema mexicanum along Eastern Tropical Pacific coral reefs

Bioerosion is a natural process in coral reefs. It is fundamental to the health of these ecosystems. In the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) coral reefs, the most important bioeroders are sponges, bivalves, sea urchins and the fish Arothron meleagris. In the 1980s, El Niño caused high coral mortality and an increase in macroalgal growth. As a result, greater sea urchin bioerosion occurred. This weakened the reef framework. Considering the high vulnerability of the ETP coral reefs, the goal of this study was to determine the current bioerosion impact of the sea urchin Diadema mexicanum along the western coasts of Mexico, El Salvador, Costa Rica and Panamá. The balance between coral bioaccretion and sea urchin bioerosion was also calculated. Between 2009 and 2010, in 12 coral reefs localities, D. mexicanum density, bottom cover and rugosity were quantified along band transects. The daily bioerosion rate was obtained from the amount of carbonates evacuated by sea urchins per unit time. The rate of coral accretion was calculated by multiplying the coral growth rate of the dominant genus by the density of their skeleton and by their specific coral cover. The localities were dissimilar (R = 0.765, P < 0.001) in terms of live coral cover, crustose calcareous algae, turf cover, rugosity index, and density and size of D. mexicanum. At all sites, with the exception of Bahía Culebra (Costa Rica), coral bioerosion was less than coral bioaccretion. Diadema mexicanum plays a dominant role in the balance of carbonates in the ETP, but this depends on reef condition (protection, overfishing, eutrophication) and so the impacts can be either positive or negative.     

西太平洋海鲶(Ariidae)主要种类与分布的研究

简述海鲶科鱼类研究概况,并结合作者的调查研究列出了西太平洋海鲶科鱼类的主要种及其检索表;又描绘各个种的地理分布区,通过分析比较认为印度—西太平洋是该科鱼类的分布区;中日海域是该区的一个分布边缘;最后讨论了有关于印度—西太平洋海鲶科鱼类的起源与分化问题。     

Distribution of mixotrophic nanoflagellates along the latitudinal transect of the central North Pacific

To elucidate the ecological importance of mixotrophic nanoflagellates in the open ocean and the environmental factors that regulate their abundance, we surveyed latitudinal distributions of autotrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic nanoflagellates in the central North Pacific Ocean along a transect at 170°W. Mixotrophic nanoflagellates significantly contributed (26–64 %) to total bacterivory, as measured by the fluorescently-labeled bacteria method, from the equatorial through the subarctic regions, which reinforces the importance of mixotrophic nanoflagellates as a trophic link in the open ocean. The proportion of mixotrophic to total plastidic nanoflagellates was significantly higher in the nutrient-depleted subtropical gyre than in other regions, sometimes exceeding 10 %. Additionally, the proportion was negatively correlated with soluble reactive phosphorus concentration within the tropical and subtropical waters, suggesting that low nutrient availability could facilitate phagotrophy of plastidic nanoflagellates, which may explain the survival of nano-sized eukaryotic phytoplankton in the ultraoligotrophic water. In the subarctic regions, the proportion exhibited no obvious relationship with any environmental parameter. Conversely, the numerical proportion of mixotrophic nanoflagellates in total phagotrophic nanoflagellates (sum of mixotrophic and heterotrophic nanoflagellates) was positively correlated with nutrient concentrations. In contrast to macronutrient availability, the physical stability of the water column did not appear to affect the contribution of mixotrophic nanoflagellates.     

北海东部大尺度底形及其沉积动力学

近几年来 ,丹麦和格陵兰地质勘察部(GEUS)已对丹麦北海岸线进行了多次调查。除了对丹麦北海西岸近海区进行过一次比较广泛的海洋地质研究外 (Leth和Anthony ,1 999) ,还对滨外地区 2 4km2 范围内的表层沉积物和下伏层地质情况进行了调查 (Anthony和leth ,2 0 0 0 ;Leth和Anthony ,2 0 0 0 )。调查区水深变化范围为 1 2～ 1 8m。1　自然背景条件1 .1　水文状况研究区域位于北海的东部 ,受相对较强的西风影响。研究区内由风产生的波浪平均高度可达 5m(Lauatrup等 ,1 997) ,与较强的西风和大的风区长度有关。在很大程度上它们是形成相对强…     

秦皇岛市的海岸类型与功能区划研究

依据实地调研资料及科学合理地利用海岸资源、经济效益、社会效益和环境效益平衡与最优化的原则,系统研究了秦皇岛市境内的海岸类型与特点,提出了秦皇岛海岸功能区的划分方案。通过对六大类海岸功能区的分布、资源优势、主要功能、环境保护、开发现状等方面深入研究,针对性提出了秦皇岛海岸开发存在的问题及未来开发方向的建议,为海岸资源的科学利用,沿海经济的可持续发展提供依据,推动河北省环渤海战略的有效实施。     

东部海洋经济圈的海洋科技发展水平和海洋经济

为科学合理评价区域海洋科技发展水平,进一步促进区域海洋经济增长,文章以东部海洋经济圈为例,采用主成分分析方法构建海洋科技发展水平综合指标,采用多元线性回归模型分析海洋科技发展等因素与海洋经济增长之间的关系,并提出建议。研究结果表明:海洋科技发展水平综合指标包括海洋科技支撑、海洋科技成果转化和海洋科技投入3个主要素及其11个指标,2006—2015年东部海洋经济圈各地海洋科技发展水平整体处于上升趋势,且差距较小;除政府支持力度外,海洋科技发展水平、海洋第三产业发展水平和工业污染程度等变量均与海洋生产总值存在显著相关关系,其中海洋科技发展水平为正相关;未来应促进海洋科技成果转化、减少区域壁垒制约以及加强海洋生态环境保护和治理。     

Marine reserve phenomenon in the Pacific islands

Coinciding with increased numbers of global marine reserves, communities in the Pacific islands are establishing unprecedented number of periodically-harvested and indefinitely-closed marine reserves. An integrated ecological and social comparative methodology is used to examine the motivations and outcomes of reserves in Vanuatu. Communities establish permanent reserves due to concerns about human impacts on reefs, while others establish periodic reserves in response to declining resources. Local knowledge suggests that both reserve types are effective, although validation by underwater surveys was inconclusive. Community support for both reserve types is strong, suggesting that the marine reserve phenomenon in Pacific will continue.     

黄海北部近岸鱼类资源数量分布与群体结构

通过 1998 年 6 月和 9 月共 24 个站位的底拖网调查,分析了黄海北部近岸渔获物的组成,其结果表明,该海域鱼类资源量指数较低,为 17.068 kg / 网·h,鱼类资源经济品质结构低值化,鱼类资源群体结构小型化、低龄化更加突出,一些个体小、价值不高的种类如青鳞鱼、鳀鱼、斑鰶等占据了春季渔获量的主要部分,秋季捕获的经济鱼类如兰点马鲛、鲐鱼等全部是当年生幼鱼。