热应激对肉鸡血液生化指标及内分泌机能的影响

通过检测生产性能及血液生化指标和内分泌指标,研究了热应激对肉鸡的影响,从鸡体重、平均日增重、饲料转化率及血清总蛋白、白蛋白、钙、磷、甲状腺激素（Ｔ３、Ｔ４）含量显著下降,血清钾则信参３０日龄显著下降,但血清尿素氮、氯、皮质醇含量及血清乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸磷酸激酶活性显著升高,热应激对血清钠和葡萄糖含量影响不大。     

南海北部鱼类石油烃含量地理差异原因浅析

比较了南海北部海洋鱼类石油烃含量的地理差异,结果表明：被研究的５个海区中,广州湾海洋鱼类的石油烃含量明显高于北部湾（Ｐ〈０．０５）和红海弯（Ｐ〈０．０５）,该３个海区和珠江口明显高地台湾浅滩（Ｐ〈０．０１）,其余的两两之间没有统计学差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。利用海洋环境质量调查和监测资料进行分析,说明这种地理分布特征与南海北部近岸海域的石油烃污染有直接关系。     

碳酸氢钠对高温下珍珠鸡生产性能及血液pH值的影响

用１８０只５６日龄肉用仔珍珠鸡,测定了高温环境（２５～３４℃）条件下,在日粮中添加不同量的ＮａＨＣＯ３ （质量分数分别为０％ ,０．５％ ,１．０％ ,１．５％ ,２．０％ ,２．５％ ）对珍珠鸡肥育期（５６～８４日龄）生产性能及血液ｐＨ 值的影响,基础日粮含 ＭＥ １３．３７ ＭＪ／ｋｇ,ＣＰ１８％ 。结果表明：体增重、采食量、屠宰率、血液ｐＨ 值不受日粮中ＮａＨＣＯ３的显著影响（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）,但体增重、采食量、饲料利用率受性别的显著影响（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,母鸡比公鸡的体增重大１８．８％ ,采食量高８．０２％ ,饲料利用率高９．７０％ ,公母鸡间的这种差异在１．５％ ＮａＨＣＯ３ 添加组表现最明显     

黄鳝血清甲状腺激素的检测与分析

用放射免疫测定法测定了４４条不同性别黄鳝（Ｍｏｎｏｐｔｅｒｕｓ ａｌｂｕｓ Ｚｕｉｅｗ）血清总甲状腺激素Ｔｈｙｒｏｘｉｎｅ Ｔ３,Ｔｒｉｉｏｄｏｔｈｙｒｏｎｉｎｅ Ｔ４）含量。结果表明：（１）５～９月雄性Ｔ３含量一直较高。雌性５～６月Ｔ３含量比雄性和兼性低,７月以后升至兼性持平,８～０月达到与雄性持平,高于兼性含量,升幅较大,但差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）。（２）５～６月雄性Ｔ４含量稍高于其它性别,７月以后有所降低;雌性与兼性Ｔ４含量与变化趋势基本相同。（３）同性别Ｔ４含量比Ｔ３含量要低得多。甲状腺激素可能与性逆转关系不大,其作用在于促进代谢与生长。     

水体中NH3—N对建鲤非特异性免疫功能的影响

用０．１、０．５、１．０、２．０和５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ ＮＨ３－Ｎ分别刺激建鲤１０ｄ后,测定了建鲤非特异性免疫指标,估测不同浓度的ＮＨ３－Ｎ对建鲤非特异性免疫指标的影响。０．１、０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＮＨ３－Ｎ对建鲤ＮＢＴ阳性细胞、溶菌酶活性无影响,１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＮＨ３－Ｎ可使ＮＢＴ阳性细胞数和溶菌酶活性降低,而２．０和５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ则使ＮＢＴ阳性细胞数和溶菌酶活性显著下降（Ｐ〈０．０５）。这些结果表明水体中０．１、０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＮＨ３－Ｎ对建鲤非特异性免疫功能无影响,１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＮＨ３－Ｎ略有影响,而２．０和５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＮＨ３－Ｎ则明显降低了建鲤的非特异性免疫功能。     

黄鳝血清甲状腺激素的检测与分析

用放射免疫测定法测定了４４ 条不同性别黄鳝（Ｍｏｎｏｐｔｅｒｕｓ ａｌｂｕｓ Ｚｕｉｅｗ ）血清总甲状腺激素Ｔｈｙｒｏｘｉｎｅ Ｔ３,Ｔｒｉｉｏｄｏｔｈｙｒｏｎｉｎｅ Ｔ４）含量。结果表明：（１）５～９ 月雄性Ｔ３ 含量一直较高;雌性５～６ 月Ｔ３含量比雄性和兼性低,７ 月以后升至与兼性持平,８～９ 月达到与雄性持平,高于兼性含量,升幅较大,但差异不显著（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。（２）５～６ 月雄性Ｔ４ 含量稍高于其它性别,７ 月以后有所降低;雌性与兼性 Ｔ４ 含量与变化趋势基本相同。（３）同性别Ｔ４ 含量比Ｔ３ 含量要低得多。甲状腺激素可能与性逆转关系不大,其作用在于促进代谢与生长。     

寡糖对三黄鸡生产性能及免疫机能的影响

用96只1日龄广东三黄鸡，研究了饲料添加0．2％或0．3％的寡糖对肉鸡生产性能与免疫机能的影响。结果表明：饲料中添加0．2％的寡糖能显著提高11—30日龄肉鸡的增重、免疫器官指数及新城疫HI抗体滴度（P〈0．05），血液白细胞吞噬率和血清IgG含量亦高于对照组，但组间差异不显著；添加0．2％或0．3％的寡糖能明显改善全期的饲料转化率（P〈0．05）。     

滇西地区重力潮汐观测资料的分析处理及潮汐基准参数的确定

本文使用Ｎａｋａｉ预处理和Ｖｅｎｅｄｉｋｏｖ调和分析方法，对滇西地区下关台ＧＳ１５－２２７重力仪１９８７－１９９２年观测资料和丽江台ＥＴ－２２重力仪１９９１－１９９２年的观测资料进行了分析处理，并对其计算结果进行了仪器动力学特征及惯性和海潮负荷改正，进而确定滇西地区潮汐基准参数为：δ（０１）＝１．１６６±０．００１，δ（Ｍ２）＝１．１６３±０．０００，（０１）＝－０．３８±０．０８，（Ｍ２）＝－０．３２±０．０８     

罗氏沼虾体长和体重的一些遗传参数分析

报告了罗氏沼虾［Ｍａｃｒｏｂｒａｃｈｉｕｍｒｏｓｅｎｂｅｒｇｉｉ（ＤｅＭａｎ）］体长和体重的一些遗传参数：在体长为１１．０４０±０．１２２（ｃｍ）、体重为４２．２５８±１．７４０（ｇ）时，雄体大于雌体。此时，体长与体重有显著的直线相关（ｒ＝０．９１２，Ｐ＜０．０１）。体重对体长的回归直线为Ｗ＝１３．０５６Ｌ—１０２．０１９，其中雌性为Ｗ＝８．３１５Ｌ—５５．３１１．雄性为Ｗ＝１６．１７ｌＬ—１３４．４０６。罗氏沼虾体长的同类相关系数为０．０４７５，体重的同类相关系数为０．０４７７１６。     

贵州盘州地区早渐新世古气候定量重建

早渐新世全球气候迅速发生了降温,对地球生物产生了重大影响。利用共存分析法对贵州盘州地区石脑组的早渐新世植物群古气候进行了定量重建。植物群大化石指示的古气候参数:年 均 温 （ＭＡＴ）为 １５．７～２１．９℃、最冷月均温（ＣＭＭＴ）为 ２．５～１６．７℃、最 热 月 均 温（ＷＭＭＴ）为 ２１．６～２８．１℃、年 均 降 雨 量（ＭＡＰ）为８２８．０～１９００．０ｍｍ、最湿月均降 雨 量（ＭＰｗｅｔ）为 １６０．０～３４３．０ ｍｍ、最旱月均降雨量（ＭＰｄｒｙ）为 ７．０～５４．０ｍｍ、最暖月均降雨 量（ＭＰｗａｒｍ）为１０５．０～１８０．０ｍｍ。孢粉化石指示的古气候参数:ＭＡＴ 为１１．５～２３．９℃、ＣＭＭＴ为－１．０～１６．７℃、ＷＭＭＴ为２３．０～２７．９℃、ＭＡＰ为８０３．０～１６１３．０ｍｍ、ＭＰｗｅｔ为１１６．０～２９３．０ｍｍ、ＭＰｄｒｙ为１７．０～５５．０ｍｍ、ＭＰｗａｒｍ为９４．０～１８０．０ｍｍ。植物群大化石和孢粉化石的共存分析结果都指示一种温暖的、湿润的亚热带气候,且具有较明显的季节变化,与现在我国东南部地区气候较相似。盘州地区现在气候与早渐新世气候相比,夏季变凉爽多雨。结合我国同时期的植物群古气候参数,结果说明我国早渐新世时气候随纬度升高变化并不大,其分带现象明显低于现在的气候纬度分带变化。      

氨氮胁迫对马氏珠母贝免疫活性的影响

在实验室条件下探讨氨氮胁迫对马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)血细胞密度、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、溶菌酶(LSZ)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性的影响。结果表明:1)不同浓度氨氮(1.25~40 mg/L)胁迫3 d后,马氏珠母贝血细胞密度随氨氮浓度的增加呈下降趋势,当氨氮浓度超过5 mg/L时血细胞密度较对照组明显下降,差异极显著(P<0.01);2)血清SOD活性随实验氨氮浓度(1.25~40 mg/L)的增加而明显下降,在较低氨氮浓度(1.25~5 mg/L)时,SOD活性高于对照组,氨氮浓度超过10 mg/L时,SOD活性低于对照组,各实验组SOD活性与对照组均存在极显著差异(P<0.01);3)当氨氮浓度为1.25~20 mg/L时,马氏珠母贝血清CAT活性随氨氮浓度的增加而升高,除氨氮1.25 mg/L组外,其余各实验组血清CAT活性较对照组极显著升高(P<0.01),当氨氮浓度为30~40 mg/L时,血清CAT活性呈急剧下降趋势,且低于对照组(P<0.01);4)马氏珠母贝血清LSZ活性随实验氨氮浓度的增加而降低,当氨氮浓度为10 mg/L以下时,血清LSZ活性高于对照组,当氨氮浓度为20 mg/L以上时,血清LSZ活性较对照组极显著降低(P<0.01);5)氨氮浓度为1.25~10 mg/L时,马氏珠母贝血清ACP活性随氨氮浓度的增加而升高,且高于对照组(P<0.01),当氨氮浓度超高20 mg/L时,马氏珠母贝血清ACP活性随氨氮浓度的增加急剧降低,且低于对照组(P<0.01)。     

吉富罗非鱼最适生长水温研究

为研究不同养殖水温对吉富罗非鱼摄食和生长的影响,了解吉富罗非鱼的最适生长水温,实验设计28℃、30℃、32℃、34℃4个不同温度梯度,周期45 d。结果表明:不同水温环境下吉富罗非鱼表现出不同的生长特性,养殖在30℃水体中的罗非鱼生长速度明显高于其他温度组;水温对吉富罗非鱼的特定生长率、绝对增重率、饲料转化率、摄食率有显著影响(P<0.05),之间的相关关系可以用二次回归曲线来描述,特定生长率(SGR)与水温的关系式为rSGR=-19.255+1.3794T-0.0235T2,摄食率(FR)与水温的关系式为rFR=-22.175+1.5901T-0.026 6 T2,饲料转化率(FCR)与水温的关系式为rFCR=34.041-2.2256T+0.0382 T2;吉富罗非鱼的最适生长水温为29.3℃,最大摄食率的水温为29.9℃,最高食物转化率水温为29.1℃。     

Effects of Salinity Fluctuation Frequency on the Growth, Molting Rate and Hemolymph 20-Hydroxyecdysone Concentration in Juvenile Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis

This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of salinity fluctuation frequency on the growth, molting rate and hemolymph 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) concentration for juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis with an initial wet body weight of 1.115 g±0.012 g. The salinity of the control treatment (represented by D0) was 28 throughout the experiment, whereas treatments D2,D4, D6 and D8 were subjected to different salinity fluctuation frequencies of 2, 4, 6 and 8d, respectively. The range of salinity fluctuation was 4. The salinity in treatments D2, D4, D6 and D8 was kept at 28 for 2, 4, 6 and 8d, respectively; each original salinity was decreased abruptly to salinity 24, which first lasted for another 2d and was then raised to its initial value 28. This constituted a salinity fluctuation cycle and afterwards the cycle repeated. It was found that: 1) The weight gain of shrimp in treatment D4 was 202.9% and significantly higher than that in treatment D0 (P<0.05). The molting rate in treatment D2 was the lowest, while that in treatment D6 was the highest and significantly higher than those in treatments D0 and D2 (P<0.05). 2) The hemolymph 20-HE concentration of shrimps in all treatments was at low levels and increased first gradually during the inter-molt period and then increased sharply. It reached a peak value during the pre-molt stage, and then decreased abruptly during the post-molt stage when the lowest level occurred. 3) During the post-molt stage, the hemolymph 20-HE concentration in treatment D2 was 7.47pgμL-1 and significantly higher than that in treatment D0(P<0.05). There were, however, no significant differences in hemolymph 20-HE concentration among all five treatments during the inter-molt stage (P>0.05). During the pre-molt stage, the hemolymph 20-HE concentration in treatment D6 was significantly higher than that in treatment D0(P<0.05), whereas the hemolymph 20-HE concentration in treatment D2 was significantly lower than that in other treatments (P<0.05). Adequate salinity fluctuation promoted the molting rate through increasing hemolymph 20-HE concentration at the pre-molt stage.     

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of FSHβ Gene Associated with Reproductive Traits in Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Follicle stimulating hormone β (FSHβ) of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) plays a key role in the regulation of gonadal development.This study aimed to investigate molecular genetic characteristics of the FSHβ gene and elucidate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FSHβ on reproductive traits in Japanese flounder.We used polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing of the FSHβ gene in 60 individuals.We identified only an SNP (T/C) in the coding region of exon3 of FSHβ.The SNP (T/C) did not lead to amino acid changes at the position 340 bp of FSHβ gene.Statistical analysis showed that the SNP was significantly associated with testosterone (T) level and gonadosomatic index (GSI) (P0.05).Individuals with genotype TC of the SNP had significantly higher serum T levels and GSI (P0.05) than that of genotype CC.Therefore, FSHβ gene could be a useful molecular marker in selection for prominent reproductive trait in Japanese Flounder.     

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrates Sources on Lipids Compositions in Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary carbohydrates on triglyceride, cholesterol and fatty acid concentrations in abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Six semi-purified diets with different carbohydrates (dextrin, heat-treated wheat starch, wheat starch, corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch, respectively), all containing a carbohydrate level of 33.5%, were fed to abalone (initial shell length: 29.98 mm±0.09 mm; initial weight. 3.42 g±0.02 g) for 24 weeks in a recirculation system. The results indicate that serum triglyceride concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the abalone fed with dextrin, heat-treated wheat starch and wheat starch than those fed with corn starch, and serum cholesterol concentrations were significantly (P<0.05)higher in the abalone fed with dextrin, heat-treated wheat starch than those fed with corn starch. Fatty acid C20:4n-6 in the foot muscles were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the abalone fed with dextrin than those fed with wheat starch, corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch. Fatty acid C20:4n-6 in hepatopancreas was significantly (P<0.05) lower in abalone fed with heat-treated wheat starch than those fed with corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch. Fatty acid C22:6n-3 in the foot muscles were significantly (P< 0.05) lower in the abalone fed with dextrin and heat-treated wheat starch than those fed with wheat starch and potato starch.     

温度对橄榄蛏蚌耗氧率和排氨率的影响

在室内实验条件下研究了温度对不同规格橄榄蛏蚌耗氧率和排氨率的影响。实验结果表明, 15~30℃下,橄榄蛏蚌耗氧率和排氨率为大规格组均小于小规格组。耗氧率和排氨率与橄榄蛏蚌软体部干重(W)呈现明显的幂函数关系。在实验温度(15~30℃)范围内,随温度的上升,橄榄蛏蚌的耗氧率和排氨率均先逐渐增加,后随之下降,两者的高峰值分别出现在25℃和20℃。耗氧率(O)、排氨率(N)与温度(T)和橄榄蛏蚌软体部干重(W)的二元线性回归方程分别为:O=-0 .651 3+0. 053 2T+0. 107 3W,N=32. 162 6-1. 056 6T+1 .322 2W。二方程复相关系数r分别为0 .964 2和0 .892 1;F检验分别为极显著和显著。     

寡糖对三黄鸡生产性能及免疫机能的影响

用96只1日龄广东三黄鸡,研究了饲料添加0.2%或0.3%的寡糖对肉鸡生产性能与免疫机能的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加0.2%的寡糖能显著提高11~30日龄肉鸡的增重、免疫器官指数及新城疫H I抗体滴度(P<0.05),血液白细胞吞噬率和血清IgG含量亦高于对照组,但组间差异不显著;添加0.2%或0.3%的寡糖能明显改善全期的饲料转化率(P<0.05)。     

珍珠囊发育中马氏珠母贝血清免疫因子的变化规律

马氏珠母贝育珠贝插核手术后的第1、第2、第3、第10、第15、第20、第30和第60天,抽取育珠贝血清,并研究其非特异性免疫因子酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(LSZ)的活性变化。结果表明:在珍珠囊发育初期(插核后3～10d),育珠贝血清的免疫因子ACP、AKP、CAT、SOD均比对照组(未经插核的马氏珠母贝)显著性增大(P<0.05),LSZ在插核后1～3d比对照组LSZ活性显著性增大(P<0.05);在珍珠囊发育中期(插核后第15～20天),各种免疫酶活性都逐渐降低;珍珠囊发育后期(插核30d后),育珠贝血清中的各种免疫酶活性都已恢复到对照组水平。