若尔盖-九寨沟裂谷构造与金成矿

若尔盖-九寨沟地区产有30余处金矿床（点），另有铜、锑、铁等金属矿产；金矿石分石英脉型和微细浸染型，成因类型可分为构造热液型和构造岩浆热液接触交代型。金成矿与裂谷的演化息息相关，金矿主赋于裂谷强烈期的三叠系地层中，分布受裂谷带控制，金矿化具明显的岩性-岩相选择并与一定的围岩蚀变相伴产出。     

闽西北三种新的金矿成因类型及地质特征

研究闽西北加里东旋回裂谷构造热事件对区内金成矿的作用,新建立了裂谷改造一再造型和裂谷沉积变质－热液叠加改造型两种金矿成因类型,并发现斑岩金矿。     

南非维特瓦特德兰德与俄罗斯外贝加尔巴列依矿区金矿床的共同特点——比较分

作者在对南非维特瓦特斯兰德砾岩型金矿及俄罗斯外贝加尔巴列依矿区浅成低温热液金矿床的成矿特征研究基础上，从其区域构造位置、裂谷构造演化特点、裂谷盆地基底的性质等诸方面对两个盆地的共性进行了逐一对比分析，指出尽管它们之间在矿化成因和成矿年龄上存在很大差异，但在许多方面均具有强烈可比性，总结了与隶属于不同时代裂谷盆地有关的超大型金矿的找矿标志。     

新疆伊什基里克成矿带金矿类型及其地质特征

伊什基里克成矿带系西天山成矿区带内重要的金铜成矿带.带内金矿类型主要划分有二种类型岩浆-热液型和火山-热液型,其中岩浆-热液型金矿床与浅成-超浅成侵入体(脉)有成因关系,火山-热液型金矿床与下石炭统火山热液活动有关,矿体赋存于大哈拉军山组火山地层中.两类型金矿均严格受构造、火山岩地层以及花岗岩(脉)体的控制.     

西天山吐拉苏-也里莫墩金成矿带简述

吐拉苏一也里莫墩矿带是西天山地区重要金矿成矿区.矿带内金矿赋存于晚古生代中期拉张(裂谷)环境下形成的早石炭世火山岩带内,金矿围岩为下石炭统大哈拉军山组陆相火山岩,成矿时代为早石炭世杜内-韦宪早期.矿带内金矿化可分为浅成低温热液系统(冰长石-绢云母型、硅化岩型)、斑岩型和沉积砾岩型.矿带内东、西两段控矿构造有差异:西部吐拉苏地区的阿希、京希开布拉克、伊尔曼得等金矿产于京希一阿希近南北向火山构造拗陷带内的火山机构构造系统(冰长石-绢云母型)和层间裂隙带(硅化岩型)中;东部也里莫墩地区的加特曼、铁列克特、小于赞等金矿床(点)产于吾拉斯台-郎布拉近东西向火山构造隆起带内的次火山穹丘构造系统中.     

论福建省闽中裂谷带成矿系统

闽中裂谷带有一套与裂谷构造演化密切相关的矿床组合。裂谷演化的各阶段都伴随着特定的成矿作用,形成了相庆的矿床类型裂谷张开和大洋形成阶段形成层控型块状硫化物矿床;裂谷事碰撞阶段形成韧性剪切带型金矿;后裂谷阶段形成岩浆热液矿床。各类（式）矿床的常是构造化各阶段伴随的多种成矿作用叠加和改造的产物,表现为成矿的多阶段和物质的多来源。因此将裂谷构造环境及其化各阶段成矿作用和种类矿床作为一个整体,称之谓闽中裂谷     

黑龙江多宝山-呼玛地区金矿分类及成矿地质背景研究

黑龙江省西北部的多宝山-呼玛地区发育大小型金矿（点）16处,主要集中分布在北东向和北西向构造形成的菱环形构造带内.元古宇和下古生界地层单元为金成矿提供物质来源,古生代以来3阶段强烈岩浆热事件为金矿成矿提供了热源、流体和就位空间.根据金矿床赋矿岩石类型、成矿流体等特征和区域构造演化过程,将本地区金矿划分为3个类型：①与火山岩有关的浅成低温热液型金矿,赋矿围岩为早白垩世火山岩,成矿流体源于大气降水;②受压扭性构造控制的低温热液金矿,对围岩无选择,成矿流体具有变质流体和大气降水混合特征,低盐度,少CO₂;③夕卡岩型、斑岩型伴生金矿床,具有成矿温度高、盐度高、流体包裹体富含CO₂的特点.第一类与第二类为同期异相,形成环境为造山后陆内裂谷-伸展环境;第三类形成于与古太平洋板块的斜向俯冲作用和北部鄂霍次克洋闭合有关的挤压造山环境.     

新疆鄯善县康古尔金矿带小尖山金矿地质特征及找矿标志

新疆鄯善县康古尔金矿带小尖山金矿位于星星峡谷带—旱山微板块中的雅满苏-红石山-黑鹰山晚古生代陆内裂谷带内康古尔金矿带的东部,产于苦水大断裂南侧的巨型韧性剪切带内,具有明显韧性剪切带控矿作用。矿体分为2类:蚀变岩型金矿、石英脉型金矿。矿区初步圈定了3条较具规模的蚀变岩型金矿体和2条石英脉型金矿体。其中,蚀变岩型金矿是主要矿床类型,赋存于安山质凝灰岩与英安质凝灰岩的接触带上安山质凝灰岩一侧,整个矿带受苦水断裂之次级韧性剪切带控制。通过综合分析,初步认为该区金矿属于与韧性剪切带有关的中—低温热液型金矿床,并总结了控矿构造、容矿岩石、岩浆岩、地球化学、热液蚀变等5个方面的找矿标志。     

四川冕宁西部层控型金矿的地质特征

本文阐述了攀西裂谷西缘金矿带的分布及区域地质条件,概括了两类层控型金矿特征。着重分析了层控矿床遭受变质作用、构造变动、热液叠加的后期改造。在此基础上探讨了成矿规律,指出了绿岩金矿产于古老的冲断体中。     

新疆北山西段裂谷演化及金矿成矿规律

新疆北山裂谷构造带,呈北东东—北西西向展布,是在塔里木地块太古界、元古界的基础上开裂演化而成,总体呈两地块夹裂谷的构造格局,经历了-C、O—S、C—P3次大规模的裂开与闭合、由南向北迁移的演化模式。在该裂谷带晚古生代沉积盖层中分布着一系列不同类型的金矿(点),并划分了多个Au成矿亚带。笔者所论为新疆北山晚古生代金(铜)级成矿带金矿的成矿规律。根据赋矿岩系划分为6类,矿石建造划分为4类,分别为石英脉型、破碎蚀变岩型、破碎蚀变岩型 石英脉型、中酸性岩浆热液型,以石英脉 破碎蚀变岩型为主。控矿因素为沉积建造(火山岩-碎屑岩及碳质岩系)、韧-脆性断裂、岩浆岩等;成矿时代为华力西晚期、印支期、燕山期和喜马拉雅期,成矿作用与各期构造活动同步或准同步。     

西天山金、铜矿地质特征简述

西天山是我国古生代造山带重要的金、铜矿成矿单元之一,具有Au、Cu地球化学场.各种地球物理场也显示具有良好的金、铜矿成矿地质背景.金、铜矿主要生成于海西期的构造岩浆地质热事件中,形成了浅成低温热液型和韧性剪切带型金矿以及海底火山喷气热水沉积型、矽卡岩型、斑岩型、陆相火山热液充填型铜矿.可划分出赛里木铜金成矿带、吐拉苏也里莫墩金成矿带、察布查尔铜成矿带及胜利达坂金成矿带.主要矿床有阿希金矿、望峰金矿、喇嘛苏铜矿和预须开普台铜矿.     

Characteristics and Genesis of Fine-Clastic Rock-Type Au Deposits in the Liaodong Rift

Gold deposits occurring in the Liaodong rift are located in interlayered carbonate rocks and fine-clastic rocks, belonging to the middle and upper parts of the lower Proterozoic. Compared with the Carlin-type Au deposits abroad and gold deposits in Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi, Qinling and western Sichuan Province, they are similar in many respects. This paper discusses the geological features of ore-bearing formations and ore-filling structures and metallogenetic characteristics. Through the discussion on the sources of ores, heat and water, it points out that the Au deposits belong to vadose reworked hydrothermal deposits. This conforms to the principle of "mineralization in the neighbouring areas", i.e., the deposits are formed in nearby ore-bearing layers, and the latest hydrothermal event was the main factor in forming the Au deposits.     

珲春-汪清地区成矿地质条件及找矿方向

吉林珲春-汪清地区已发现的有色金属、贵金属、稀有金属、放射性金属和黑色金属矿产计11种.这些矿产与下古生界五道沟群地层,中生代火山岩系,华力西-燕山期中酸性侵入岩、次火山岩,东西向、南北向构造及火山构造密切相关     

稀土矿床：基本特点与全球分布规律

本文介绍了全球稀土资源供需历史、现状和对未来的展望。从矿床成因视角切入，将稀土矿床分为内生和外生两大类型，其中内生稀土矿床包括碳酸岩型、碱性岩型、碱性岩型- 碳酸岩型、氧化铁铜金型、热液脉型，外生稀土矿床包括风化壳离子吸附型、沉积岩型、沉积矿产(煤矿、铝土矿和沉积磷矿)伴生型、砂矿和现代海洋底部含稀土的锰结核、结壳和软泥型。归纳总结了主要类型矿床的基本特点和时空分布；认为内生稀土矿床产出于四类构造环境，包括裂谷环境、碰撞后伸展环境、大陆碰撞环境和后俯冲伸展环境；从构造演化入手，探讨了在外生与内生地质过程中稀土元素的迁移和富集规律，建立了涵盖主要矿床类型的构造- 成矿模型。     

五台-恒山地区中生代构造-岩浆活动与次火山岩型金银的成矿作用

五台－恒山地区的网状脆性断裂系统控制了中生代花岗研及其有关的金、银、多金属矿床的分布。中生代过渡同熔型花岗岩类是成矿的驱动力和成矿物质的母源,次火山岩是岩浆体系分熔侵入＝喷发过程中最 集中成矿热液的载体,具有直接的找矿意义。该区中生代次火山岩型矿 与本区太古宙变质热液金矿在成矿地质背景、地球化学特征上具有明显的差异,说明了它们成矿物质来的不同。     

Metallogeny of Shoshonite-Hosted Copper-Gold Deposits in Middle-South Parts of Tancheng-Lujiang Deep Fault Zone and Its Vicinity,Eastern China

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Qinling Orogenic Belt: Its Palaeozoic-Mesozoic Evolution and Metallogenesis

The formation, development and evolution of the Qinling erogenic belt can be divided into three stages: (1) formation and development of Precambrian basement in the Late Archaean-Palaeoproterozoic (3.0-1.6 Ga), (2) plate evolution (0.8-0.2 Ga), and (3) intracontinental orogeny and tectonic evolution in the Mesozoic.The Devonian (D) and Triassic (T) were the key transition period of the tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogenic belt. That is to say, in the Devonian, the Qinling micro-plate was separated from the northern margin of the Yangtze plate (passive continental margin). This period witnessed transition of the micro-plate from the compressional to ex-tensional state, and consequently three types of sedimentary basins were formed, namely, the rift hydrothermal basin in the micro-plate, restricted ocean basin in the south, and residual ocean basin resulting from collision on the northern margin. In the Triassic the Qinling area was turned into the intracontinental orogen.The Devonian and Triassic w     

北山成矿带金矿成矿规律与远景

位于新（疆）甘（肃）交界的北山成矿带属于北山古生代裂谷——造山带，呈NEE-EW-NWW向展布。在该裂谷带及其两侧基底岩系中分布着不同类型金矿床（点），根据矿床成因可分为：热液石英脉型、火山-次火山热液型、变质热液层控型、构造蚀变岩型及矽卡岩型金矿床。控矿因素：韧性、韧-脆性断裂，火山岩-碎屑岩地层，华力西、加里东期中酸性、中基性岩浆岩，成矿时代为华力西晚期、印支期和燕山期，与该期构造同或准同步。据此认为：坡子泉-明锡山、金窝子-照壁山、拾金坡-金厂沟、方山口-营毛沱、老硐沟-洗肠井、老金厂-金场沟、白墩子-石板墩、小西弓-金庙沟井和水宛南山-万字沟等找矿远景区。     

湖南西部钨锑金矿床成矿规律及找矿应用

湖南西部钨锑金矿床赋存于雪峰弧形构造带之前寒武系浅变质岩系中,受到韧-脆性剪切构造控制,具有明显的地层层位效应。区域变质和动力变形过程中,大规模深层次的韧性剪切变形促使矿源层中的Au活化迁移,连同SiO2,K等活性组分和岩石中的H2O一起形成含金动力变质热液,当其进入伸展型脆韧性剪切带及其剥离构造带、张扭性断裂带时,形成充填交代型含金石英脉型和破碎带蚀变岩型金矿。研究表明,矿床具有特定的元素共生组合,矿脉(体)沿倾向延伸大且普遍具有侧伏成矿现象,沿控矿构造方向侵入的长英质脉岩带与成矿有一定的联系;载金的硫(砷)化物以富集轻硫同位素为特点,氧化-还原反应是金成矿的主要化学机制等特征性成矿标志。矿床广泛发育中低温热液蚀变,黄铁矿、毒砂矿物和As元素是找金的标型矿物和指示元素。矿床成因主要属于受韧-脆性脆剪切带控制的变质热液型金矿。     

Volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the Murchison greenstone belt, South Africa

The Archean Murchison greenstone belt, Limpopo Province, South Africa, represents a rifted epicontinental arc sequence containing the largest volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VMS) district in Southern Africa. The so-called Cu–Zn line is host to 12 deposits of massive sulfide mineralization including: Maranda J, LCZ, Romotshidi, Mon Desir, Solomons, and Mashawa with a total tonnage of three million metric tons of very high grade Zn, subordinate Cu, and variable Pb and Au ore. The deposits developed during initial phases of highly evolved felsic volcanism between 2,974.8 ± 3.6 and 2,963.2 ± 6.4 Ma and are closely associated with quartz porphyritic rhyolite domes. Elevated heat supply ensured regional hydrothermal convection along the entire rift. Recurrent volcanism resulted in frequent disruption of hydrothermal discharge and relative short-lived episodes of hydrothermal activity, probably responsible for the small size of the deposits. Stable thermal conditions led to the development of mature hydrothermal vent fields from focused fluid discharge and sulfide precipitation within thin layers of felsic volcaniclastic rocks. Two main ore suites occur in the massive sulfide deposits of the “Cu–Zn line”: (1) a low-temperature venting, polymetallic assemblage of Zn, Pb, Sb, As, Cd, Te, Bi, Sn, ±In, ±Au, ±Mo occurring in the pyrite- and sphalerite-dominated ore types and (2) a higher temperature suite of Cu, Ag, Au, Se, In, Co, Ni is associated with chalcopyrite-bearing ores. Sphalerite ore, mineralogy, and geochemical composition attest to hydrothermal activity at relatively low temperatures of ≤250 °C for the entire rift, with short-lived pulses of higher temperature upflow, reflected by proportions of Zn-rich versus Cu-rich deposits. Major- and trace-metal composition of the deposits and Pb isotope signatures reflect the highly evolved felsic source rock composition. Geological setting, host rock composition, and metallogenesis share many similarities not only with Archean VMS districts in Canada and Australia but also with recent arc–back-arc systems on the modern seafloor where fragments of continental crust and areas of elevated heat flow are involved in petrogenetic and associated metallogenic processes.