湖北广水蔡家河地区混合岩研究

在详细的野外工作及室内工作的基础上,研究了湖北广水蔡家河地区较为广泛分布的条带状混合岩的成因。 本区条带状混合岩主要分布于桐柏造山带根部的桐柏杂岩内的表壳岩系中。表壳岩系在工作区主要分布于杨家西湾及曾家老门,由5大类岩石组成:大理岩、磁铁石英岩、绿帘石英岩、斜长角闪岩、混合岩化黑云斜长片麻岩。表壳岩系早期经历了区域性混合岩化,后期随元古代及中生代花岗岩侵入还分别发生了边缘混合岩化作用。在杨家西湾混合岩化作用由南西向北东逐渐增强,在曾家老门混合岩化作用较为均一.条带状黑云斜长片麻岩基体的岩石类型为:黑云斜长片麻岩、角闪黑云斜长片麻岩、角闪斜长片麻岩、黑云角闪斜长片麻岩、黑云二长片麻岩、绿帘黑云斜长片麻岩。脉体的岩石类型有:石英岩、富石英花岗岩、石英闪长岩、闪长岩、英云间长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、花岗伟晶岩。条带状混合片麻岩的主要矿物为黑云母、角闪石、绿帘石、斜长石,它们均未因母岩的不同及是否经历了混合岩化作用而显示成分的显著差。基体中的斜长石牌号较脉体中的斜长石牌号稍高,但彼此有重叠。本区斜长石延性系数分布型式相似,没有指示出热液中心.条带状混合岩中发育着极为丰富的变晶结构和     

混合岩矿物空间分布研究及其意义

混合岩中脉体是多成因的,如何区分脉体的成因是研究混合岩的一个关键问题。脉体中矿物在空间的分布特征是区分不同成因脉体的标志之一。利用线切法或接触—频效法进行接触类型的统计,在此基础上求出随机分布条件下的期望接触频数。某种接触类型实测出现的数目与期望接触频数之比定义为R。R值反映出矿物在岩石中的空间分布特征与随机分市特征的偏离程度。同类接触中R<1为规则分布;R=1为随机分布;R>1为集聚分布。不同成因的脉体其R值有较大差异,当脉体为注入或深熔作用的产物时,脉体中的矿物在空间上呈随机分布,R值为1或接近于1;当为变质分异或交代作用的产物时,脉体中的矿物在空间上不呈随机分布,而为集聚分布或规则分布,R值显著大于或小于1。以此可以区分不同脉体的成因。     

赣中变质岩带中矽线石的初步研究

赣中变质岩带在空间上具递增变质带分布特征,根据随变质作用增强而出现的新变质矿物及矿物组合划分出绢云母绿泥石带、黑云母带、铁铝石带、十字石带、矽线石带,部分地段还出现混合岩带。矽线石发育于矽线石带的含榴矽线云母片岩、含矽线斜长变粒岩中,化学成分与其寄主岩石的化学成分、成物成分有一定的关系,富含Al、K和云母的含榴矽线云母片岩,其中的矽线石中Al含量相对高,K含量很低。而富含Si、Ca、Na、K和斜长石,贫Al和云母的含矽线斜长变粒岩,其中的矽线石中Al、Na含量相对稍低,K含量稍高。     

新疆阿克陶红蓝宝石矿床矿物学研究

新疆阿克陶红蓝宝石矿床含矿岩石具有典型的眼球状、条带状混合岩化构造。浅色脉体中的钾长石有序度很低，属单斜正长石，其中部分发育钠长石出溶条纹。基体中出现富铝矿物矽线石和电气石，黑云母中Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量高；斜长石Ａｎ值低，为钠长石。含矿岩石为富铝贫硅低钙质岩石。脉体中的红蓝宝石晶体中发现大量流体熔融包裹体。红蓝宝石矿床为混合岩化作用成因，形成于高温低压条件下     

鄂东南地区阳新复式岩体成因:LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素证据

阳新岩体是鄂东南地区出露规模最大的岩体,也是鄂东南地区矿产最集中的地段。该岩体主要由石英闪长岩和小规模的黑云石英闪长岩组成。本文利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法对阳新岩体进行了精确的年龄测定及相应的Lu-Hf同位素分析。结果表明,阳新岩体形成于143~139 Ma之间,且主体岩性石英闪长岩侵位略早于黑云石英闪长岩。它们均是鄂东南地区岩浆活动高峰期的产物。锆石Ti温度计计算结果显示,石英闪长岩的形成温度主要分布在787~876℃之间,黑云石英闪长岩的形成温度主要分布在686~805℃之间。锆石Hf同位素分析表明,阳新石英闪长岩的ε_(Hf)(t)值为-11.42~-3.31,黑云石英闪长岩的ε_(Hf)(t)值明显偏低且分布范围较大,为-21.75~-1.44。结合岩体元素地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素以及矿物化学等方面的特征,认为阳新岩体应主要来源于富集岩石圈地幔,且在成岩过程中伴随一定程度的分离结晶和同化混染作用。其中,石英闪长岩结晶略早,形成温度较高,黑云石英闪长岩结晶稍晚,形成温度较低,且黑云石英闪长岩的源区较石英闪长岩有更多壳源物质的加入。     

哈萨克斯坦柯切塔夫地块和中国大别山含金刚石变质杂岩的多相性(英文)

中国中部大别杂岩和哈萨克斯坦柯切塔夫杂岩是世界著名的含金刚石变质杂岩,二者都位于地台边缘。笔者进行的矿物学岩石学研究揭示了这些杂岩中含金刚石变质岩的最主要性质———多相性。金刚石及其特征的共生矿物（钾质单斜辉石、柯石英、石榴石、锆石等）的地幔性质指示含金刚石变质岩在成因上与约１５０～２００ｋｍ的岩浆房有关,这与金伯利岩筒的含金刚石岩浆岩的岩浆房相同。矿物相图反映了含金刚石岩浆作用中心的氢水特点,这可以解释金伯利岩金刚石中的含水矿物包裹体和大别变质杂岩中榴辉岩、石榴单辉岩的石榴石中含水矿物包裹体的存在。地内期高压矿化的石榴单辉岩和榴辉岩岩浆侵入到地幔上层和地壳中,这一作用发生在褶皱前碳酸盐陆源层状地层形成的早期阶段。以后,这些含金刚石侵入体与围岩一道遭受了异化学变质（混合岩化、花岗岩化和退变质）,部分转变为新岩石———混合岩、片麻岩、角闪岩、片岩和退变岩,这些新岩石继承了石榴单辉岩及其它含金刚石母岩的金刚石部分。     

内蒙古大青山地区石榴混合花岗质岩石地球化学特征及成因

内蒙古大青山地区太古宙孔兹岩系在发生麻粒岩相变质作用的同时,榴云片麻岩岩组中的石榴黑云片麻岩在近水平剪切构造变形过程中发生部分熔融,形成了石榴混合花岗质岩石。现有证据表明,它们形成于新太古代晚期,在矿物组成、地球化学特征上,大体继承了石榴黑云片麻岩,而它们的结构和地球化学特征尤其是REE分布型式的变异又反映了其部分熔融和演化。尽管该石榴混合花岗质岩体规模小,但在矿物组成、结构和地球化学特征上显示出明显的不均一性,形成了高K2O低Na2O、CaO,稀土元素总量低,具正Eu异常和低K2O高Na2O、CaO,稀土元素总量高,具负Eu异常的两类石榴混合花岗质岩石。综合研究发现,这两类石榴混合花岗质岩石的形成与部分熔融及随后的流动过程中熔体与残留体的逐渐分离有关,前者残留体、残留矿物相极少,富长英质;而后者残留体和残留矿物相对较多,因而富镁铁质,并且控制REE行为的矿物相如石榴石和独居石、磷灰石、锆石等相对富集,从而造成了两类石榴混合花岗质岩石稀土元素分布型式的差异,与桑干地区成因相似、成熟度较高的古元古代花岗岩具有较大差别。     

西拉木伦断裂带双井微地块北缘混合岩的基本特征及其成因机制讨论

西拉木伦断裂带双井微地块北部边缘出露有以条带状为主的混合岩,岩石中中色体-暗色体-浅色体明显分带,岩相学特征显示暗色体和浅色体经历了较高温的交代变质作用。对该混合岩浅色体的矿物空间分布分析显示浅色体重结晶现象显著,新生石英、长石聚集分布,是交代或变质分异的结果。质量平衡计算结果表明本区混合岩形成于开放体系,有物质的带进带出。对中色体、暗色体、浅色体进行单独的地球化学分析,结果显示暗色体与中色体元素组成具有相似性,而浅色体与中色体的元素组成差异较大。电子探针数据显示浅色体中斜长石的An牌号低于暗色体,中色体中角闪石压力计计算平均压力为0.81 GPa,钙质角闪石-斜长石相平衡温度计求得混合岩形成温度为584℃。综合分析认为该混合岩在成因上早期以岩浆注入为主导,晚期则以高温交代为主导。混合岩的岩浆注入成因可能意味着混合岩的形成与区域的岩浆活动有关。     

大别杂岩中混合岩的矿物空间分布研究

介绍了矿物空间分布研究的基本原理及两种统计方法(接触频数法和线切法)。作者对混合岩矿物空间分布的研究表明:(1)前人提出的统计方法存在方法上的缺陷和应用上的局限性,作者推导出矿物接触类型的概率公式;(2)部分浅色体中矿物显示聚集分布的特征,而绝大部分的浅色体中矿物具有分散分布的特点。结合质量平衡和地球化学研究认为:大别杂岩中主体混合岩成因机制是重熔和交代作用。     

某地花岗伟晶岩脉和石英碳酸盐脉中褐帘石、独居石形成条件的讨论

脉岩分布在某地槽区一背斜构造轴部的太古代变质岩和燕山期花岗岩、花岗斑岩中。该区脉岩有中-基性脉岩(闪长岩、黑云母角闪岩、煌斑岩),酸性脉岩(花岗斑岩、花岗伟晶岩、霓石正长岩、石英斑岩)和石英碳酸盐脉,构成了一个脉岩群。 太古代变质岩系。下部出露在背斜构造的轴部,为黑云外长片麻岩、混合岩化黑云斜长片麻岩、角闪黑云斜长片麻岩,有时彼此互层出现,某些地段见大理岩夹层;上部分布在背斜构造的两翼,为黑云斜长片麻岩、角闪斜长片麻岩、花岗质混合片麻岩,局部夹大理岩     

山东雁翎关地区雌山混合花岗岩地球化学特征及其成因

一、地质背景雁翎关地区位于山东泰安东南四十余公里处(图1)。本区出露泰山群变质岩系,受到中压相系的角闪岩相区域变质作用,变质时代大于24亿年。雌山混合花岗岩带分布于东石棚—马家雌山西南和磨石山香水河东北的狭长地带(图1)。岩体走向北西—南东、与区域构造线方向一致,围岩为泰山群的山草峪组黑云变粒岩。构成     

Orthopyroxene-bearing, mafic migmatites at Cone Peak, California: evidence for the formation of migmatitic granulites by anatexis in an open system

Abstract Orthopyroxene-bearing migmatites, exposed at the summit of Cone Peak in the Santa Lucia Range, California, offer an opportunity to explore potential links between granulite facies metamorphism and migmatite formation. Geothermobarometry indicates that the metamorphic temperatures and pressures were in the approximate ranges of 700–750° C and 7.0–7.5 kbar. The rocks at the summit comprise three domains: relatively coarse-grained, leucocratic veins; relatively fine-grained, biotite-enriched zones at the margins of the veins; and a biotite–hornblende-bearing host rock. Orthopyroxene is concentrated in the veins, which have also the highest ratio of anhydrous to hydrous minerals of the three rock types. The composition of the veins, together with their textures and modes, suggest that they formed through anatexis involving a dehydration-melting reaction which consumed hornblende and produced orthopyroxene. Variability in mineralogy and composition indicates that there was some local migration of magma along the veins before their final solidification. The biotite-enriched zones formed either by the concentration of residual biotite at the margins of the vein, or through the metasomatic conversion of hornblende (and/or pyroxene) to biotite, or by a combination of the two processes. Significant differences in the chemistry of the neosome (vein + biotite-enriched zone) and the host rock rule out simple dehydration melting in a local closed system. The model that explains best the mineralogical and chemical patterns involves triggering of melting by an influx of a low- a _H2O mixed fluid which added K and Si to and removed Ca from the neosome.     

Mineral chemistry of banded migmatites from Hafafit and Feiran areas, Egypt

The migmatitic rocks exposed in Hafafit and Feiran areas exhibit some migmatitic structures as the banded, agmatic, boudinage and schlieren structures. The dominant type of these structures is the stromatic migmatites. Electron microprobe analyses of plagioclases, biotites and amphiboles from Hafafit and Feiran areas, in the Eastern Desert and Sinai, Egypt, are carried out and the metamorphic conditions are discussed. The present study revealed marked differences in the composition of plagioclases, biotites and amphiboles from Hafafit and Feiran localities. The obtained data indicated that plagioclases of the Feiran migmatites are of andesine and oligoclase composition, and display anorthite content from An₂₀ to An₃₈; whereas the Hafafit migmatites show a wider range of plagioclases from An₁₀ to An₆₀, and therefore plagioclases have labradorite, andesine and oligoclase composition. This may be due to the slow rate of the crystallisation processes. The analyses indicated that biotites of the studied areas are of metamorphic origin showing significant variation in Fe–Mg. It is worth mentioning that biotites from Hafafit migmatites have Mg–biotite composition while that of Feiram migmatites have Fe–biotite composition. High Mg and low Fe contents in biotite suggest higher crystallisation temperature. The composition of amphiboles in Hafafit migmatites is ferro-tschermakitic hornblende, while amphiboles from Feiram migmatites are magnesio-hornblende. High Ti content in the hornblende of Feiran migmatites suggests that they were formed at slightly higher temperatures and lower pressure than the Hafafit migmatites (i.e. Feiram migmatites and Hafafit migmatites were formed at granulite and amphibolite facies, respectively). Discrimination diagrams show that the muscovite is of secondary origin. Moreover, the present study confirmed that these migmatites are mainly formed by metamorphic differentiation via partial melting.     

武夷山中段加里东期混合岩的特征及成因讨论

武夷山中段出露的加里东期混合岩中广泛发育交代结构，可划分出钠－钙交代、钾交代和磋交代等三个阶段．岩石中微斜长石为最大微斜长石．浅色体与基体内外长石的Ａｎ值明显不同，且无环带构造．黑云母成分与围岩中的黑云母接近．岩石化学成分的变化与交代作用的类型有关．微量元素具有与围岩相似的特征，仅重稀土含量高于围岩．质量平衡计算表明，它们形成于开放体系中，矿物颗粒呈聚集分布．这些特征表明它们是由原来的变质岩经减质流体交代形成的。     

Origin of migmatite granite and its relations to iron deposits—An experimental study

Experiments have been conducted over a wide range of temperatures and pressures (300°–950°C, 500–2000 bars) in an attempt to gain some better understanding of the geological features of Precambrian migmatite granites and banded iron formation (BIF) widespread in Northeast China. Results indicate that the BIF of Anshan type is unstable under the action of sufficient alkaline solutions with some iron or aluminum silicates formed at the expense of quartz. Rock melting experiments show that the initial melting temperatures of phyllite, biotite plagioclase gneiss and migmatite granite range from 630° to 640°C, but those of BIF and plagioclase amphibolite are 150°–200° C higher. The authors suggest that migmatites in this region have resulted from partial melting and metasomatism. With respect to the relationship between migmatization and iron deposits, it has been experimentally revealed that the migmatites will not “digest” the BIF if they are separated by other wall rocks. But melting to various extents will take place in the BIF where migmatites are in direct contact with it. Additionally, the BIF will even become richer in iron under favorable conditions. This information may probably help guide our efforts to prospect for Precambrian iron deposits in regions with extensive occurrence of migmatites.     

中国云南哀牢山含海蓝宝石伟晶岩的起源和成岩模拟实验研究

The Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites are associated with Proterozoic metamorphic rocks in the southern portion of the Ailaoshan fault-folded complex.The gem-bearing pegmatite mineralization zones of the region occur in areas generally consistent with the regional tectonic trend.The pegmatites are found in metamorphic rocks,migmatites and in the inner/outer contact zones of gneissoid granites. The Rb-Sr isochron drawn for the pegmatites is 26～31 Ma,(i.e.in Himalayan).The homogenization temperatures of melt and liquid inclusions in minerals vary from 185 to 920℃,which are comparable to the inclusions observed in banded migmatites and ptygmatic quartz veins in the surrounding metamorphic rocks. The mineralization fluids of the pegmatite were rich in HCO_3 and CO_2,and their compositional assemblages are comparable to metamorphic fluids.Results of H,O,C,Si etc.isotopic analyses and REE,and Be analyses indicates that the sources of mineralization components that formed the pegmatites are closely associated with metamorphic fluids and the enclosing metamorphic rocks. A pegmatite structure simulation experiment was conducted at high temperature and pressure(840℃and 1,500×105Pa.),with various metamorphic rock samples in a water-rich and volatile-rich environment.When the liquidus was reached,the temperature was gradually decreased at the rate of 5～10℃/day over a time period of three months.SEM energy-dispersive spectrum analyses were performed on the experimental products.A series of pegmatoid textures were observed including zonal texture,megacryst texture,drusy cavities,crystal druses,and vesicular texture along with more than ten types of minerals including plagioclase,microcline,quartz and biotite.Different metamorphic rock melts generated different mineral assemblages.Experiment results revealed that the partial melting of metamorphic rocks could form melts similar to pegmatite magmas. Based upon the geological characteristics,geochemistry,and pegmatite texture simulation experimental results,it is concluded that the mineralization components of Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites came from metamorphic rocks.The petrogenetic model for the origin of pegmatites is related to ultrametamorphism and metamorphic anatexis.     

二长石地质温度计在估算乌拉山金矿碱性长石形成温度中的应用

内蒙古乌拉山金矿田内主要出露晚太古代乌拉山群区域变质岩和规模不一的花岗岩体以及不同时代、不同种类的脉状地质体。含金矿脉中主要矿物共生组合为碱性长石、石英、斜长石、碳酸盐矿物(方解石、白云石)和少量金属硫化物。矿床的显著特征为碱性长石交代作用强烈，碱性长石也广泛产于该地区其他各种类型的岩石中。本文采用电子显微探针分析了共生碱性长石和斜长石的化学成分，并采用三元二长石温度模型估计了碱性长石的平衡温度。结果表明，第一成矿阶段的碱性长石一石英含金矿脉中碱性长石的形成温度为353℃，第二成矿阶段石英含金矿脉中碱性长石的形成温度为281℃，矿脉碱性长石形成压力约为5kbar。这些结果与同类矿石中平衡共生的碳酸盐矿物和云母类矿物的地质温度计估计的形成温度以及共生石英中流体包裹体的均一温度非常一致。因此，乌拉山金矿床形成和富集的温度可估测为260～380℃，压力约为5kbar。此外，应用二长石温度计计算了本地区区域变质片麻岩和花岗岩中碱性长石的平衡温度，所得温度比采用共生铁铝榴石和黑云母温度计估计的温度要低约250℃。这表明共生的铁铝榴石和黑云母的平衡温度可能代表其寄主变质岩变质期温度及寄主花岗岩原生温度，而区域变质岩和花岗岩中的碱性长石在经历了随后多次热液作用后，可能重新平衡再生，这也与前人对乌拉山金矿的矿床地质和同位素研究的结果一致。     

Fluid‐fluxed melting and melt loss in a syntectonic contact metamorphic aureole from the Variscan eastern Pyrenees

Open‐system behaviour through fluid influx and melt loss can produce a variety of migmatite morphologies and mineral assemblages from the same protolith composition. This is shown by different types of granulite facies migmatite from the contact aureole of the Ceret gabbro–diorite stock in the Roc de Frausa Massif (eastern Pyrenees). Patch, stromatic and schollen migmatites are identified in the inner contact aureole, whereas schollen migmatites and residual melanosomes are found as xenoliths inside the gabbro–diorite. Patch and schollen migmatites record D1 and D2 structures in folded melanosome and mostly preserve the high‐T D2 in granular or weakly foliated leucosome. Stromatic migmatites and residual melanosomes only preserve D2. The assemblage quartz–garnet–biotite–sillimanite–cordierite±K‐feldspar–plagioclase is present in patch and schollen migmatites, whereas stromatic migmatites and residual melanosomes contain a sub‐assemblage with no sillimanite and/or K‐feldspar. A decrease in X _Fe (molar Fe/(Fe + Mg)) in garnet, biotite and cordierite is observed from patch migmatites through schollen and stromatic migmatites to residual melanosomes. Whole‐rock compositions of patch, schollen and stromatic migmatites are similar to those of non‐migmatitic rocks from the surrounding area. These metasedimentary rocks are interpreted as the protoliths of the migmatites. A decrease in the silica content of migmatites from 63 to 40 wt% SiO₂ is accompanied by an increase in Al₂O₃ and MgO+FeO and by a depletion in alkalis. Thermodynamic modelling in the NCKFMASHTO system for the different types of migmatite provides peak metamorphic conditions ~7–8 kbar and 840 °C. A nearly isothermal decompression history down to 5.5 kbar was followed by isobaric cooling from 840 °C through 690 °C to lower temperatures. The preservation of granulite facies assemblages and the variation in mineral assemblages and chemical composition can be modelled by ongoing H₂O‐fluxed melting accompanied by melt loss. The fluids were probably released by the crystallizing gabbro–diorite, infiltrating the metasedimentary rocks and fluxing melting. Release of fluids and melt loss were probably favoured by coeval deformation (D2). The amount of melt remaining in the system varied considerably among the different types of migmatite. The whole‐rock compositions of the samples, the modelled compositions of melts at the solidus at 5.5 kbar and the residues show a good correlation.     

变质分异作用中的质量迁移

变质分异作用中的质量迁移徐士进，陆建军，尹宏伟（南京大学地球科学系．南京２１００９３）关键词武功山，变质分异，质量迁移变质分异作用（ｍｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｉｃｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｔｉｏｎ）这一名词是Ｆ．Ｌ．Ｓｔｉｌｌｗｅｌｌ于１９１８年首次提出，意指成...     

赣中变质岩带变质流体地球化学特征与流体来源

对赣中变质岩带的变质岩、混合岩及其中的长英质脉体包裹体的化学成分和C、H、O同位素进行了研究。结果表明：赣中变质岩带变质流体有多种来源,流体成分复杂,有互不混溶的流体水、CO2、有机物。水主要来源于古海水和大气降水,少部分来源于深部岩浆水;有机物来源于沉积岩成岩物质;CO2多数来源于碳酸盐岩,少数来源于有机质的氧化分解。这些流体受构造运动的驱动而活化迁移,成为成矿物质的运移介质,参与了本区岩石的变质改造,是形成本区长英质变质分异脉体、混合岩、混合花岗岩及伟晶岩的重要流体来源。