茶尖岭矿区M28—上汪家矿化带铜银多金属矿床成因分析

本文通过对茶尖岭矿区M28—上汪家矿化带铜银多金属矿产出的地质、矿化特征及伴随的热液蚀变、微量元素特征、卤族元素特征等的综合分析,认为M28—上汪家矿化带铜银多金属矿均属于与燕山期中酸性浅成岩浆岩有空间、成因联系的浅成热液矿床,从上汪家矿化区的热液脉型到M28异常分布区的矽卡岩型属于多位一体成矿。     

江西相山西部地区深部多金属矿化矿石组构学、矿物学研究及其地质意义

江西相山铀矿田西部地区实施的铀矿科学深钻3号孔在深部-700 m发现大量铅锌多金属矿化脉,垂向上呈"上铀下多金属"的分布特征。文章对深部多金属矿化进行了详细的矿物学和矿石组构学研究,并对其成因进行了探讨。研究表明,矿石结构主要有中细粒及微粒结构、自形晶粒状结构、他形晶粒状结构、填隙结构、包含结构、镶边结构、固溶体分离结构、碎裂结构、环带结构等;矿石构造主要有脉状构造、细脉状构造、条带状构造、角砾状构造、致密块状构造、稠密浸染状构造等。矿化类型主要有石英-毒砂-黄铁矿(锡石、黄铜矿)型、黄铁矿型、闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铁矿型、闪锌矿-方铅矿-碳酸盐(菱铁矿-方解石)型,在空间上具有明显的分带性。根据矿物组合和穿插关系,矿化过程经历了成矿前期的碱性流体作用,形成矿前期绿泥石、锡石和金红石。铅锌成矿期经历了石英-毒砂阶段、黄铁矿化阶段、铅锌矿化阶段、铅锌银碳酸盐阶段等多期叠加。成矿后期以形成碳酸盐-石英脉为特征。综合分析认为,相山深部多金属矿化具有浅成、中低温特征,是与次火山岩有关的低硫化型浅成中低温热液多金属矿化。目前已经发现的铅锌多金属矿化很可能是深部矿化的一个端员,深部很有可能存在与成矿有关的次火山岩体,且具有寻找斑岩型多金属矿化的成矿潜力。     

赣中大王山钨多金属矿床流体包裹体及 H-O-S 同位素特征

为确定赣中大王山钨多金属矿床成因类型及地质特征, 笔者对主成矿期石英和硫化矿物进行了流体包裹体、H-O-S 同位素研究。 结合野外矿体产出形态, 可以将研究区划分出3 期成矿作用, 早期以矿囊状为特征, 与围岩无明显的蚀变现象, 主成矿期为大脉状, 与围岩发生云英岩化, 成矿晚期可见含矿石英晶洞。 主成矿期包裹体岩相学和显微测温结果显示： 石英中主要发育气液二相包裹体、富气相包裹体、CO₂三相包裹体和气-液-固三相包裹体 ; 包裹体均一温度为 180 ℃ ～280 ℃（峰值为190 ℃ ～210 ℃）, 盐度为7.86% ～20.22% NaCl_eqv （峰值为11%～17% NaCl_eqv ）, 结合前人对赣中石英脉型黑钨矿中的黑钨矿测温结果, 推测大王山形成于中温、中高盐度;石英包裹体δD_V-SMOW 值介于- 93.1‰～-72.5‰, δ¹⁸O_H2O 值介于0.9‰～3.4‰, 石英包裹体的温度-盐度关系图显示成矿流体混入了低温、低盐度的流体相;δ³⁴S 值介于-1.3‰～+1.9‰之间, 表明成矿物质硫源主要来自深源岩浆。 结合前人研究显示, 黑钨矿较石英早结晶, 成矿流体以岩浆水为主, 大气降水参与成矿, 硫源与深部岩浆有关。 赋矿碱长花岗岩中见有W-Mo 多金属矿囊和细晶岩、伟晶岩脉, 其成岩时间和成矿时间一致。 指示了大王山钨多金属与围岩碱长花岗岩具有一定的亲源性, 并且岩浆-流体液态不混溶作用是导致W-Mo 多金属矿沉淀的主因。     

兰坪盆地白秧坪铅锌铜银多金属矿床:成矿年代及区域成矿作用

针对沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床的定年难题,选用闪锌矿的Rb-Sr法和成矿阶段方解石的Sm-Nd法,对白秧坪铅锌铜银多金属矿床3个矿段(吴底厂、李子坪、富隆厂)分别测定,取得了较好的定年效果。测得白秧坪铅锌多金属矿床的铅锌成矿年龄为30~29Ma,而且3个矿段结果可互相印证。进而通过成矿年龄的探讨,认为矿区发生过2次矿化事件,一期为以铜为主的矿化,发生于古新世末-始新世初期,印度板块-欧亚板块强烈挤压后的应力松弛阶段成矿;另一期是以铅锌为主的矿化,发生于30~29Ma,对应于始新世末-渐新世早期挤压后应力松弛阶段。两期矿化事件在上千千米的"三江"成矿带上普遍存在,但在不同部位铅锌成矿时代略有不同,印度板块的东北角首先对接欧亚板块,位于岬角处正碰位置铅锌成矿要稍早于两侧的铅锌矿化事件。     

青海虎头崖矽卡岩型多金属矿床蚀变矿化分带特征研究

虎头崖铜铅锌多金属矿床位于东昆仑西段祁漫塔格成矿亚带内.矿化带产于岩体与围岩接触蚀变带、不同岩性地层接触界面或地层中断裂破碎带内,兼有正接触带和外接触带2种蚀变矿化带.由岩体→接触带→碳酸盐岩地层,金属成矿元素分别为W-Mo→Fe-Sn-Cu→Cu-(Pb-Zn) →Pb-Zn-Ag,蚀变类型由岩体自变质的钾化、硅化、云英岩化过渡为正接触带附近的符山石化、绿帘石化、透辉石化,再到外接触带围岩的石榴子石化、透辉石化,以及晚期的绿泥石化、碳酸盐化.主量元素分析结果显示,地层中的CaO等向岩浆岩内扩散,岩体中的SiO2、Al2O3等则向碳酸盐岩扩散,而且,与花岗岩相比,矽卡岩中FeO、MnO、MgO更为富集,这表明接触渗滤作用与接触交代作用同时存在.成矿元素分析结果显示,W、Mo元素在岩体内含量较高,而Fe、Cu、Pb、Zn主要在矽卡岩带内富集,各成矿元素在未蚀变大理岩中的含量均较低.笔者认为,矿化蚀变的明显分带性是岩体和地层成矿差异性及矽卡岩带内微裂隙系统发育的不均匀性所致.     

黔东南那哥铜铅多金属矿床的矿化时空结构

黔东南那哥铜铅多金属矿床位于扬子陆块与华夏陆块的过渡带上,该区经历了自四堡期以来的多期构造活动,岩浆活动频繁,变形-变质强烈,构造形迹复杂;通过深入剖析矿床地质特征,结合区域地质演化史,从铜铅矿化的时空结构分析入手,系统研究了矿体空间定位规律。研究结果表明,在时间结构上,成矿与重大地质事件关系密切,具有多阶段成矿的特点;在空间结构上,矿体主要受控于尾硐溪断裂,赋存于断裂带走向上的弧形转弯处、断裂面的凹凸变化部位,矿体具膨大狭缩、尖灭再现特点,在空间上具有向W侧伏的趋势。     

内蒙古大井锡多金属矿床次火山岩脉与成矿

矿区内次火山活动对成矿起着重要的、直接的控制作用。次火山岩脉与成矿在空间上、时间上以及成因上的关系极其密切。在脉岩分布密集,脉体规模较大或局部隐蔽爆发作用形成的次火山岩——角砾岩构造等地段,对成矿最为有利。脉岩的产出部位,可以作为矿区及其外围找矿的重要标志。     

内蒙古大井铜锡多金属矿成矿物质来源及成矿作用探讨

大井铜锡多金属矿以矿床规模大、伴生元素多、矿脉展布窄而密集、品位较高而著称。但是,矿区范围勘探并没有发现燕山期岩体,矿床成因众说纷纭。笔者从幔枝构造视角研究认为,矿区位于大兴安岭幔枝构造核部,地幔热柱多级演化沟通了深部含矿流体,并沿途萃取部分成矿物质,在有利的成矿构造裂隙中集聚成矿。而成矿控矿裂隙的方向性则与成矿阶段区域构造应力场密切相关。至于在矿区内部的Sn、Cu、Au、Ag、Pb、Zn成矿元素的分带性,应与成矿作用及成矿物质结晶温度有关,结晶温压条件较高的Sn、Cu、Au等元素矿化多位于矿区中部,而结晶温压条件较低的Ag、Pb、Zn等元素矿化则多位于矿区的外围。     

锡钨锂矿化与外围脉状铅锌银铜矿化的内在成因关系和形成机制——以内蒙古维拉斯托锡钨锂多金属矿床为例

大兴安岭南段维拉斯托锡钨锂多金属矿是近年来新发现的大型矿床,具有"上脉下体"的垂向矿化分带特征,矿集区范围内表现出以花岗岩体为中心的高温锡钨钼矿化、中温铜锌矿化、外围低温铅锌银矿化的水平分带。目前,对锡钨锂多金属矿化与外围脉状铅锌银铜矿化的内在成因关系和形成机制及深部地质背景还缺乏足够的认识。Ar-Ar年代学研究结果表明,维拉斯托锡钨锂矿区石英脉型矿石中白云母的Ar-Ar坪年龄为(131.7±1.4)Ma,显示其与外围维拉斯托铜锌矿床和拜仁达坝银铅锌矿床的成矿时代基本一致,属同一构造-岩浆活动产物。石英斑岩中铁锂云母的Ar-Ar坪年龄为(121.9±1.3)Ma,可能代表了最晚期的岩浆活动时限,暗示维拉斯托矿区存在多期次岩浆-热液活动。本次研究还获得了维拉斯托矿床东南侧磨盘山岩体边部黑云母二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(141.6±1.5)Ma(MSWD=0.75),该年龄不仅与含矿岩体石英斑岩体的年龄一致,也与北大山高分异杂岩体的形成年龄相近,揭示了维拉斯托外围高分异花岗杂岩体深边部及其与地层接触带部位还有寻找锡多金属矿的巨大潜力。综合本次工作和大量前人工作的基础上,笔者认为大兴安岭南段稀有金属矿床都形成于大陆边缘弧后伸展和软流圈上涌的构造背景,维拉斯托锡钨锂矿化与外围脉状铅锌银铜矿化属同一岩浆-热液成矿系统,不同金属元素在不同的矿化空间内的选择性沉淀是造成元素分带性的直接原因,其成矿特征上可类比南美玻利维亚锡银成矿带。值得提出的是,维拉斯托矿区岩石组合与松潘-甘孜造山带与锂矿化有关的片麻岩穹窿群类似,锡林郭勒杂岩可能为成矿提供了部分物质来源,对于岩浆-变形-变质-深熔作用过程及对稀有金属成矿的制约还需要进一步研究。     

Tin mineralization in the Dajing tin–polymetallic deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

Dajing is a large-scale tin–polymetallic deposit that hosts the largest tin mine in North China. It is a hydrothermal vein-type deposit containing Sn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, and minor components Co and In. The deposit consists of more than 690 veins hosted within Upper Permian sedimentary rocks.Three mineralization stages and six ore types are recognized with cassiterite constituting the dominant tin mineral. The SnO₂ content of cassiterite increases in the sequence of mineralization stages shear-deformation→cassiterite–quartz→cassiterite–sulfide (or chalcopyrite–pyrite) stage, while the content of FeO, TiO₂, Nb₂O₅, Ta₂O₅, and In₂O₅ tends to decrease with increases in NiO and Ga₂O₅. It is considered that the negative correlation between SnO₂ and FeO, Nb₂O₅, Ta₂O₅, and In₂O₅ results from elemental substitutions. The early stage cassiterite is much richer in Ta and the later stage cassiterite is much poorer in Ti and Fe than is usual in hydrothermal vein type tin deposits. This is interpreted to indicate that the component of early stage cassiterite reflects a granitic magma source while the composition of later stage cassiterite has a more obvious strata source. The compositional variation of cassiterite corresponds to decreasing crystallization temperatures within each stage and between sequential stages with time. The characteristics of REE in cassiterite from two stages are in accord with that of subvolcanic rocks and the Linxi formation. It suggests that tin transported during the cassiterite–quartz stage may have originated from subvolcanic dikes (e.g., dacite porphyry), while in the cassiterite–sulfide stage, tin may have been derived from wallrock (e.g. siltstone) of the Upper Permian-age Linxi Formation.     

粤东金坑锡铜多金属矿燕山期岩浆热液叠加成矿

金坑锡铜多金属矿位于广东莲花山断裂带北东段,是近些年来在粤东地区新发现的典型锡铜多金属矿,关于该矿床的成因类型和成矿机制一直存在较大争议。矿区勘查工作在马山矿段首次发现伴有明显铜矿化的热液隐爆角砾岩,对于揭示矿床成因具有重要意义。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代分析结果显示,花岗质角砾成岩年龄约为150 Ma,ε_Hf（t）值为-8.20~-4.55,二阶段Hf模式年龄值为1.73~1.49 Ga,指示岩浆主要来自于中元古代地壳物质,并有地幔物质加入。硫化物原位硫同位素分析结果显示,不同阶段硫化物硫同位素组成具有明显差别。第一阶段（Py-Ⅰ）和第二阶段（Py-Ⅱ）黄铁矿存在显著的硫同位素变化,前者为-0.65‰~1.11‰（n=5）,后者为1.30‰~1.93‰（n=5）,与Py-Ⅱ共生黄铜矿同位素值为1.42‰~1.87‰（n=16）。第三阶段硫化物中黄铜矿δ³⁴S值为3.69‰~4.32‰（n=4）,其中隐爆角砾岩胶结物中黄铜矿（Ccp-Ⅲa）δ³⁴S为3.69‰~3.74‰,略低于第三阶段石英-绿泥石脉中黄铜矿（Ccp-Ⅲb）δ³⁴S值（4.29‰~4.32‰）。第四阶段黄铁矿（Py-Ⅳ）δ³⁴S值为-4.87‰（n=1）,黄铜矿（Ccp-Ⅳ）δ³⁴S值为-3.07‰（n=1）。基于成岩成矿年代及硫化物原位硫同位素分析,文章认为金坑锡铜多金属矿床可能存在两期岩浆热液活动的叠加,其中~150 Ma壳幔混合来源花岗质岩浆活动可能是触发矿区铜矿化的重要岩浆事件,早于后期锡矿的形成（~144 Ma）,这一发现有望为莲花山断裂带锡铜多金属矿指引新的方向。     

江西相山铀矿田深部多金属矿化中黄铁矿微量元素地球化学特征

在对相山铀矿田的深部勘查过程中陆续发现了一批铅、锌、银、铜多金属矿化,利用ICP-MS方法对多金属矿化中的重要金属矿物黄铁矿进行了微量元素分析。结果表明,黄铁矿中富集Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Sb、Tl、Pb、Bi等微量元素。对比黄铁矿与矿区出露的主要岩浆岩和基底变质岩的LREE/HREE、(La/Yb)N、Y/Ho、Zr/Hf和Nb/Ta特征参数,结果表明多金属成矿流体在上升运移过程中受到变质基底的强烈混染。LREE富集,Hf/Sm、Nb/La和Th/La值小于1的特征表明多金属矿化成矿流体并非为富F流体,与铀成矿流体具有较大差异。微量元素Co含量与Co/Ni特征值显示矿化形成于中低温环境,成矿物质主要来自于基底变质岩。     

内蒙古双尖子山银多金属矿床锡矿化的发现及其意义

大兴安岭南段是中国重要的有色金属成矿带,区内发育众多锡银铅锌等多金属矿床.双尖子山银铅锌多金属矿床是近年来发现的一个以银为主的超大型矿床,前人研究普遍认为该矿床是典型中低温岩浆-热液型矿床,缺乏高温成矿阶段.然而,文章在该矿床的井下和深部钻孔发现了大量铜锡矿化,表明双尖子山银多金属矿床的深部和外围具有巨大的锡铜资源找矿潜力.     

内蒙古双尖子山银多金属矿床锡矿化的发现及其意义

大兴安岭南段是中国重要的有色金属成矿带,区内发育众多锡银铅锌等多金属矿床.双尖子山银铅锌多金属矿床是近年来发现的一个以银为主的超大型矿床,前人研究普遍认为该矿床是典型中低温岩浆-热液型矿床,缺乏高温成矿阶段.然而,文章在该矿床的井下和深部钻孔发现了大量铜锡矿化,表明双尖子山银多金属矿床的深部和外围具有巨大的锡铜资源找矿潜力.     

内蒙古双尖子山银多金属矿床锡矿化的发现及其意义

大兴安岭南段是中国重要的有色金属成矿带,区内发育众多锡银铅锌等多金属矿床.双尖子山银铅锌多金属矿床是近年来发现的一个以银为主的超大型矿床,前人研究普遍认为该矿床是典型中低温岩浆-热液型矿床,缺乏高温成矿阶段.然而,文章在该矿床的井下和深部钻孔发现了大量铜锡矿化,表明双尖子山银多金属矿床的深部和外围具有巨大的锡铜资源找矿潜力.     

Crystal Structure and Chemical Composition of Ludwigite from Vranovac Ore Deposit (Boranja Mountain,Serbia)

The crystal structure of ludwigite from Vranovac ore deposit (Boranja Mt., Serbia) was refined using the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) Rietveld method in the space group Pbam to a final RB=7.45% and RF=5.26%. It has the unit cell dimensions of: a=9.2515(2) ?; b=12.3109(2) ?; c=3.03712(7) ?; and V=345.91(1) ?3. The calculated distances and angles are mostly in good agreement with the Mg2+-Fe2+ substitutions across the M(1) and M(3) sites, as well as with the Fe3+-Al3+ replacement in the M(4) site. However, the mean observed M(2)-O distance is considerably shorter than prescribed, due to a slight increase of the Fe3+ content in the M(2) site. Such replacement was compensated by slight increase of the Fe2+ content in the M(4) site, resulting in the (Mg1.48Fe2+0.46Fe3+0.05Mn0.02)2.01(Fe3+0.94Fe2+0.04Al0.02)1.00B1.00O5 composition. The formation temperature was estimated to be about 500–600°C. The influences of the various chemical compositions to the crystallographic parameters, M-O distances, M(3) and M(4) sites shift, distortion parameters and estimated valences, were also studied and compared with other reference samples.     

青海索拉沟铜多金属矿含矿围岩主要特征

索拉沟大型铜多金属矿位于鄂拉山叠覆造山带。在大量野外工作的基础上,通过详细的岩石地球化学、同位素地球化学、岩相学和原岩恢复综合研究表明索拉沟铜多金属矿含矿围岩为杂色非晶质致密块状均质、具条带状构造的不纯硅质岩,其中夹有火山岩及火山碎屑岩。根据岩石化学特征,其中火山岩属中性火山岩类。从火山岩原岩恢复图解看,在TiO2-SiO2图解中6个点全部落入火成岩区,而（al＋fm）－(c＋alk)-Si图中6个点有3个落入火山岩区,3个落入钙质沉积岩区,火山岩属于安山质岩类。综合研究认为,索拉沟含矿地层的宜归属为鄂拉山组,矿床类型属与弧火山作用有关的沉积-热液复合型矿床。     

内蒙古双尖子山银多金属矿床锡矿化的发现及其意义

大兴安岭南段是中国重要的有色金属成矿带,区内发育众多锡银铅锌等多金属矿床.双尖子山银铅锌多金属矿床是近年来发现的一个以银为主的超大型矿床,前人研究普遍认为该矿床是典型中低温岩浆-热液型矿床,缺乏高温成矿阶段.然而,文章在该矿床的井下和深部钻孔发现了大量铜锡矿化,表明双尖子山银多金属矿床的深部和外围具有巨大的锡铜资源找矿潜力.     

The Mesoproterozoic Abra polymetallic sedimentary rock-hosted mineral deposit,Edmund Basin,Western Australia

Abra is a blind, sedimentary rock-hosted polymetallic Fe–Pb–Zn–Ba–Cu ± Au ± Ag ± Bi ± W deposit, discovered in 1981, located within the easterly trending Jillawarra rift sub-basin of the Mesoproterozoic Edmund Basin, Capricorn Orogen, Western Australia. The Edmund Basin contains a 4–10 km thick succession of siltstone, sandstone, dolomitic siltstone, and stromatolitic dolomite. The age of the Edmund Group is between 1.66 and 1.46 Ga. The Abra polymetallic deposit is hosted in siltstone, dolostone, sandstone and conglomerate of the Irregully and Kiangi Creek Formations, but the mineralised zones do not extend above an erosion surface marking the change from fluvial to marine facies in the lower part of the Kiangi Creek Formation. The Abra deposit is characterised by a funnel-shaped brecciated zone, interpreted as a feeder pipe, overlain by stratiform–stratabound mineralisation. The stratiform–stratabound mineralisation includes a Red Zone and an underlying Black Zone. The Red Zone is characterised by banded jaspilite, hematite, galena, pyrite, quartz, barite, and siderite. The jaspilite and hematite cause the predominant red colouration. The Black Zone consists of veins and rhythmically banded sulphides, laminated and/or brecciated hematite, magnetite, Fe-rich carbonate and scheelite. In both zones, laminations and bands of sulphide minerals, Fe oxides, barite and quartz commonly exhibit colloform textures. The feeder pipe (Stringer Zone) merges with Black Zone and consists of a stockwork of Fe-carbonate-quartz, barite, pyrite, magnetite and chalcopyrite, exhibiting fluidised and/or jigsaw textures.The Abra mineral system is characterised by several overprinting phases of hydrothermal activity, from several stages of brecciation and fluidisation, barite and sulphide veining to barren low-temperature chalcedonic (epithermal regime) veining. Hydrothermal alteration minerals include multi-stage quartz, chlorite, prehnite, Fe-rich carbonate and albite. Albite (Na metasomatism) is an early alteration phase, whereas Fe-rich carbonate is a late phase. Fluid inclusion studies indicate that the ore fluids had temperatures ranging from 162 to 250 °C, with salinities ranging from 5.8 to about 20 wt.% NaCl. In the course of our studies, microthermometric and Raman microprobe analyses were performed on fluid inclusions in carbonate, quartz and barite grains. Fluid inclusions in quartz show homogenisation temperatures ranging from 150 to 170 °C with calculated salinities of between 3.7 and 13.8 wt.% NaCl.The sulphur isotopic system shows δ³⁴S values ranging from 19.4 to 26.6‰ for sulphides and from 37.4 to 41.9‰ for barite (Vogt and Stumpfl, 1987, Austen, 2007). Sulphur isotope thermometry between sulphides and sulphide–barite pairs yields values ranging from 219 to 336 °C (Austen, 2007).Galena samples were analysed for Pb isotope ratios, which have been compared with previous Pb isotopic data. The new Pb isotope systematics show model ages of 1650–1628 Ma, consistent with the formation of the host Edmund Basin.Re–Os dating of euhedral pyrite from the Black Zone yielded an age of ~ 1255 Ma. This age corresponds to the 1320–1170 Ma Mutherbukin tectonic event in the Gascoyne Complex. This event is manifested primarily along a WNW-trending structural corridor of amphibolite facies rocks, about 250 km to the northwest of the Abra area. It is possible that the Re–Os age represents a younger re-activation event of an earlier SEDEX style system with a possible age range of 1640–1590 Ma.A genetic model for Abra is proposed based on the above data. The model involves two end-members ore-forming stages: the first is the formation of the SEDEX style mineral systems, followed by a second multi-phase stage during which there was repeated re-working of the mineral system, guided by seismic activity along major regional faults.     

青海江里沟钨多金属矿成矿控制因素及矿化富集规律

青海江里沟钨多金属矿床目前是青海境内规模最大的钨矿床,其规模达中-大型,大地构造位置属秦祁昆复合造山系秦岭造山带西段。本文从江里沟钨多金属矿床的成矿地质背景、矿区地质特征、矿体特征等方面入手,总结矿床控矿因素及矿化富集规律。矿体受岗察复式花岗岩体与围岩接触带控制,矿化围绕岩体具有明显的分带性,自岩体向外形成了斑岩型钼矿化-云英岩型钨矿-矽卡岩型钨铜钼矿-角岩型钨矿-脉状铅锌矿的矿化系列,以矽卡岩型为主要类型。其矿床成因为与晚三叠世江里沟复式花岗岩体晚阶段花岗斑岩和细粒花岗岩的侵入及岩浆后期热液有关的多位一体矿床,为下一步的找矿提供依据。