关注海洋环境保护促进人海协调发展

海洋环境是全球环境的重要组成部分。海洋的可持续发展必须建立在对海洋自然资源和海洋环境可持续利用的基础上。文章剖析了当代海洋环境问题产生的根源,分析了海洋环境保护应遵循的原则,并提出了关注海洋环境保护,促进人海协调发展的相关建议。     

人海关系调控技术体系构建初探

人海关系是人类与海洋,以及以海洋为背景的人与人之间的关系,是人地关系的区域性体现.自工业革命以来,大工业生产扩展了人类开发自然、利用自然的能力,作为人类活动聚集度最高的海岸带首当其冲,环境污染、资源破坏、生态退化、灾害频发等问题触目惊心,人海关系向着不协调、恶化的方向急速演变.在环境变化全球化、经济全球化以及信息网络全球化的背景下,在可持续发展及和谐社会建设的要求下,人海关系调控已迫在眉睫.信息控制过程模型是人海关系调控的框架模式,也是构建人海关系调控技术体系的依据.在人海关系调控中,由于海洋海岸带系统的复杂性和人类活动的复杂性,单一的技术难以解决问题,而是需要多种技术的有机集成.因此技术集成工程是人海关系调控技术体系应用于实践的途径,也是工程创新的重要内容.     

山东省海洋空间资源合理开发刍议

1　山东省海洋空间资源概况1 .1　渔场数量、面积及主要鱼类主要渔场有莱州湾、烟威、石岛、青海、海州湾、连青石等 ,总面积 5 0 0 0 0 n mile2。渔区分两个 :一个是渤海湾渔业区域 ,面积约 2 70 0 0 km2 ,各种鱼类约 10 0种 ,主要经济种类有小黄鱼、黄姑、鲅鱼、鲐鱼、带鱼、鲆鲽鱼、鱼是鱼等。另一个是黄海渔业区域 ,10～ 14m以内等深线海域面积 1400 0 0 km2 ,鱼类 2 0 0余种 ,主要经济种类有小黄鱼、大黄鱼、带鱼、叫姑、真鲷、鳗鱼、青鱼等。近岸渔场是山东省渔业生产的主要作业区。包括 :( 1)黄河口附近渔场 ,主捕小黄鱼、鳓鱼等 ;( …     

基于人海和谐的陆海空间开发新格局构建路径探析

实现国土开发优化是“十三五”乃至未来更长时期我国经济社会发展的重要目标,而陆海空间开发是其中实现高质量发展的战略要点之一。当前,随着我国海洋开发利用深度和广度的持续拓展,用海需求扩增与海域资源和空间稀缺的矛盾日益凸显,这对协调海洋资源开发与环境保护的关系以及提升海洋利用现代化水平提出新要求。基于人海和谐理念加强海洋生态文明建设、统筹陆海发展、维护海岸带生态系统健康以及实现海洋开发与保护的良性互动,成为新时期发展海洋事业的必然要求。在具体实践中须注重5点内容：科学编制海岸带规划,优化海岸带开发利用格局;加强海岸带空间用途管制,细化深化管制任务,丰富管制“工具箱”;提高海域资源节约集约利用水平,实现海域资源科学、高效利用;提升海洋生态系统碳汇能力,推动海岸带蓝碳发展;加强海洋要素市场化配置,推动海洋经济向质量效益型转变。     

人海关系和谐发展海洋循环经济

海洋循环经济的提出背景实际上就是针对工业经济条件下,人类通过不断提高对自然资源的开发和利用来促进经济增长,造成了随之而来的海洋生态环境污染和退化问题,反而降低了社会福利的总体水平。因而,提出了以人海关系和谐论发展海洋循环经济的课题,管理海洋公共资源的有效的、永续的开发和利用,来保障人与自然的协调和全面发展。海洋作为人类     

中国海洋资源开发现状及对策

对中国海洋资源的概况和开发现状进行了梳理,系统分析了中国海洋资源开发活动在观念上、技术上、效益上以及管理上存在的主要问题,提出了增强海洋意识、树立海洋科学发展观、建立海洋综合管理机制、依法治海、科技兴海、进行海洋资源资产化管理等各项对策和措施。     

广东海洋经济可持续发展制约因素及对策

广东海洋经济凭借优越的资源优势和区位优势条件得到了快速发展,其发展速度已超过国民经济发展速度,对国民经济的贡献率愈来愈高.但是,广东海洋经济发展面临着海洋生态环境恶化、海洋产业结构与区域布局不尽合理、海洋科技与海洋经济可持续发展的要求不相适应等制约因素.因此,广东在大力发展海洋经济的同时,必须坚持科学与可持续发展观,通过合理利用法律手段、政策机制和市场机制,依靠科技进步,尽可能科学、合理地开发与利用海洋资源.     

山东海洋环境问题与管理对策分析

山东是我国重要的沿海地区,具有丰富的海洋资源、广阔的海洋空间和巨大的海洋开发潜力。2004年山东海洋经济总产值2130．2亿元,水产品总产量718．2万t,对山东国民经济,尤其是沿海经济增长的拉动作用显著。但海洋环境问题日渐突出,近海渔业资源衰退,海岸带环境质量下降,近海海域污染时有发生,已对“海上山东”建设的深入发展产生了不良影响。     

基于生态优先的海洋空间资源高质量开发利用对策研究

海洋空间资源开发利用质量与政府公共资源规划配置决策、资源使用者利用方式密切相关。文章通过对目前海洋空间资源开发利用特征研究,揭示了影响海洋资源开发质量的资源储备、规划配置、生态环境、开发方式等方面的制约因素,并从政府机制建设和使用者资源开发模式两个层面提出完善和改进对策。一是政府在海洋资源收储、统筹集约规划、生态环境保护方面建立保障与引导机制;二是资源使用者选择技术创新和精细化开发策略,以期为实现海洋空间资源高质量开发利用提供参考。     

加强海水产品地理标志保护的法理思考

地理标志,既是一种产地标识,更是一种质量标识.加强地理标志的保护有助于对名优特农产品的保护.以舟山市为例,指出加强海水产品的地理标志保护有利于渔业、渔农、渔村、渔文化的发展,同时针对当前海水产品地理标志权保护的薄弱环节,提出立法部门要完善相关的法律制度,执法部门要加强培育地理标志产品的力度,相关行业要构建一套有效的管理机制,地理标志使用人要有效利用地理标志来保护海水产品.     

Predator-Prey Interaction between two Competing Sea Star Species of the Genus Astropecten

Abstract. The predator-prey interaction between two sea star species of the genus Astropecten known to be competitors was investigated at Costa Colostrai, Sardinia, Italy by means of SCUBA-Diving. It was estimated that predation of A. aranciacus would eliminate about 1 % of the prey population of A. bispinosus daily. Because densities of A. bispinosus were observed to be unaltered during the summer months, a considerable immigration of A. bispinosus into the area has to be postulated. A. bispinosus represents 40% of the dry organic matter consumed by A. aranciacus , and is one of the most important food items of this species.
A. aranciacus is not more efficient in preying upon A. bispinosus than in preying upon other food items; but efficiency is greater upon buried sea stars than upon walking ones.
Consequences for stability of the local ecosystem are discussed.     

水团相互作用与东海高密水环流的演变

本文利用水文和海流观测资料，从水团相互作用去研究东海高密水及其环流的演变。获得如下一些结果：东海高密水冬季形成于东海中部陆架混合水中，入春以后水团挤压，高密水显得更为突出，入秋后高密水变性，东海中部陆架混合水重新形成；东海高密水核心区可形成气旋环流，从冬到秋经历了一个弱—强—弱的演变过程。海流观测结果证实这个环流是存在的；在东海高密水南侧存在较明显的密度锋，从冬到秋它也经历了一个弱—强—弱的演变过程；水团分析发现，各种与主体分离的混合水从春到夏可在高密水核心周围组合成一个环，从而进一步印证了这个高密水环流的存在     

海域管理空间基础数据库系统建设研究

近年来,国家逐步加强海洋事业的科学、规范化发展,这就要求地方海洋行政主管部门需通过相关的科学化建设积极配合.连云港市海洋管理相关部门提出具体的措施,建立海域管理空间基础数据库系统,对海域管理需要的空间数据制定数据规范及标准并进行统一管理,有效提高海洋管理综合能力,促进了数字海洋的建设.     

我国海砂资源开发现状与管理对策探讨

<正>我国海砂资源开发情况我国拥有漫长的海岸线和广阔的浅海,岛屿众多,陆架宽广,矿藏资源丰富。根据我国近五十年的海洋调查资料记载,我国的海砂资源大致可以分为两类:一类是分布在海岸和近岸海域的海岸海砂,另一类是分布在陆架浅海的浅海海砂。海岸海     

Spatial and temporal variability of the ratios between the nitrate and phosphate concentrations in the Sea of Okhotsk

The relation between the nitrate and phosphate concentrations in the Sea of Okhotsk and the bordering waters of the Pacific Ocean were studied. The surveys were carried out in the autumn, spring, and summer of 2001–2002. For the deepwater part of the sea, the relation [NO^? ₃] = ((14.88 ± 0.07) × [PO^3? ₄] ? 5.46 ± 0.17) was found. The coefficients in the equation given are statistically different from those in the similar equation for the Pacific waters: [NO^? ₃] = (16.05 ± 0.15) × [PO^3? ₄]-(7.23 ± 0.36). In the northern part of the sea; on the shelf; in the slope area; and, especially, in the deep waters of the TINRO Depression, the linear dependence between the phosphate and nitrate concentrations was distorted. This feature was described in terms of nitrate deficiency. The maximum values of this deficiency were found in the near-bottom waters. The principal processes that might cause the nitrate deficiency were considered: the difference in the oxidation rates of the nitrogen and phosphorus organic compounds, the matter transfer between the continent and the sea, the different efficiency of the biogenic burial of nitrogen and phosphorus in the bottom sediments, and the denitrification in the upper layer of the bottom sediments. It was shown that the most probable cause of the nitrate deficiency was the denitrification. The loss of inorganic nitrogen owing to the supply of the waters of the Sea of Okhotsk to the Pacific Ocean was estimated as ～2.5 × 10¹¹ mol N/year.     

黄渤海海域波浪时空变化特征分析

本文利用欧洲中期预报中心(ECMWF)第五代再分析数据集(ECMWF Reanalysis v5,ERA5),对中国黄渤海海域2000—2019年的波浪进行了统计分析.得到如下的结论:1)黄渤海海区波浪具有明显的季节性,渤海区域有效波高呈现出周边小,中间大的特点;黄海海域有效波高呈现由南向北降低的趋势;研究区域冬季有效...     

Interaction between trench retreat and Anatolian escape as recorded by neogene basins in the northern Aegean Sea

The evolution of the North Aegean Sea is studied through the development of three deep basins: the North Aegean Trough, the North Skyros Basin and the Ikaria Basin. Bathymetric data, a 2D seismic dataset and the well-investigated stratigraphic records of the onshore deep basins of northern Greece and Western Turkey were used to make structural and seismic stratigraphic interpretations. The study area shows two sharp unconformities that correspond to the Eocene-Oligocene transition and the Miocene-Pliocene shift. These discontinuities were used as marker horizons for a more detailed structural and seismic stratigraphic interpretation resulting in the identification of several seismic units. A general seismic signature chart was established using onshore basin stratigraphy and well data, which was then used to constrain the ages of the different seismic units. The main features observed in the basins are interpreted as: 1) trans-tensional growth patterns in Pliocene and Quaternary sediments that combine NE–SW trending and steeply dipping fault zones that likely correspond to strike-slip corridors and E-W/WNW-ESE trending normal faults, 2) regional erosional truncations of Miocene sediments, likely related to the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC), 3) thick delta-turbidite deposits of Neogene age. Only the North Aegean Trough shows evidence of earlier development and polyphase deformation through inversion structures, and additional seismic units. Extension processes in the Aegean region have been driven by the Hellenic slab rollback since the middle Eocene. The widespread development of Neogene basins at the whole Aegean scale attests to a major tectonic change due to an acceleration of the trench retreat in the middle Miocene. The present study shows that the Neogene basins of the North Aegean Sea developed in dextral transtension with the northward migration of the associated NE-SW trending strike-slip faults. At regional scale, this tectonic pattern indicates that the westward escape of Anatolia started to interact with the trench retreat in the middle Miocene, around 10 Myr before the arrival of the North Anatolian Fault in the North Aegean Sea.     

我国海域使用论证与陆域土地利用审批依据的比较研究

海域使用权和土地使用权均为我国主权领域内的不动产权.海域使用论证是海域使用权审批的重要依据.海域使用论证与土地利用审批依据的主要相同点是两者均实行用途管制,以规划(区划)为评估依据;均需要勘测定界.但两者在工程描述、工程引发的环境变化及防治对策分析、利益相关者分析等主要内容方面存在较大的差异.造成上述状况的原因是海域和土地在本质上既有一定的共性(两者均为实现其他开发方式的载体、位置固定性、数量的不增性、利用方向及附属生态逆变的困难性),也有明显的差异(海域的开放性和流动性).     

On the correlation between oscillations of the Caspian Sea level and the North Atlantic climate

Correlations between the changes in the climate of the Caspian Sea region and in its level and the variations in the North Atlantic climate are studied. The indices of North Atlantic oscillation (NAO), Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), the intensity of Atlantic thermohaline circulation (ATHC), and the air humidity above the North Atlantic are used as basic indicators of climatic variations that influence the Caspian Sea. Results of an experiment for reproducing the World Ocean circulation and the parameterization of cyclic climate peculiarities made it possible to reveal their impact on the formation of Eurasian climatic variability and on the level regime of the Caspian Sea. This impact is studied through the variability of ATHC, the NAO index, and a composite index of moisture transport (CIMT) that is proposed as a result of the studies.