高渗透性煤储层分布的构造预测

以我国山西沁水盆地为例,采用现代构造应力场和构造曲率分析相结合的方法,就构造对煤储层高渗透性区发育特征的控制规律及其地质机理进行了研究。结果表明：沁水盆地下二叠统山西组主煤储层试井渗透率与现代构造应力场最大主应力差之间具有指数正相关关系,煤储层构造裂隙在构造主曲率大于O．1×10^4／m的地段可能相对发育;高构造曲率与高最大主应力差相匹配的地段在盆地中-南部呈NNW向展布,是较高渗透性煤储层发育的地带;构造应力实质上是通过对天然裂隙开合程度的控制而对煤储层渗透率施加影响。     

鄂尔多斯盆地合水油田油藏储层特征建模分析

针对鄂尔多斯盆地合水油田区域油气资源开发的需求,建模分析鄂尔多斯盆地合水油田油藏储层特征,为油气资源勘探提供科学依据。以鄂尔多斯盆地合水油田庄211井区为例,通过测井数据确定油藏储层孔隙度与渗透率参数,建立三维地质模型,通过变差函数,获取油藏储层物性参数的空间分布特征。研究结果表明：该方法可有效建立庄211井区的三维地质模型;该井区的储层具备复合韵律特征,利于形成油藏;该井区储层渗透率具备非均匀质特征;渗透率为1.4 mD左右时,油藏开发效果最佳,即储层有效厚度的渗透率下限是1.4 mD,储层有效厚度的孔隙度下限为9%;当渗透率为1.1、1.2 mD时,油藏最终采收率最高的水平段为1 000 m,渗透率为1.3、1.4、1.5 mD时,油藏最终采收率最高的水平段为800 m,为后期油气资源开采提供科学依据。     

滇东地应力场深度分带及其对煤储层渗透率控制

地应力贯穿于煤层气生产整个过程,对煤层气的勘探选区和工程实施具有重要的现实意义。为研究滇东地应力特征,收集了滇东地区15口井（35层煤）注入/压降试井数据。研究发现：滇东煤层埋深介于497.12～1 234.31m（平均780.44m）,破裂压裂介于10.26～22.31MPa（平均16.55MPa）,闭合压力介于9.75～21.44MPa（平均15.52 MPa）。煤层的破裂压力与埋深、闭合压力均表现正相关性。滇东地区垂向地应力场可划分3部分,分别是走滑断层应力场（<700m）、过渡应力场（700～1 000m）和正断层应力场（>1 000m）。滇东地区煤储层渗透率为0.004 5～1.86mD（平均0.187 9mD）,随着埋深的增加,表现为“先降低后增加”的趋势,与地应力场转化位置基本一致。煤储层天然裂缝的发育规律与现代地应力场垂直分布特征,共同控制滇东地区煤储层的渗透率。     

煤层渗透率统计预测方法

以沁水盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地为例,本文运用线性回归分析方法,建立了煤储层试井渗透率和埋深之间的回归方程。相关系数检验结果表明,该回归方程具有显著性。运用此回归方程便可确定未勘探区煤储层试井渗透率的变化范围。根据历史拟合的煤层渗透率与试井测试的煤层渗透率之间的比较关系,针对具体煤层气田(藏)确定出一个合理的比例关系,再乘以由回归方程得出的试井渗透率预测值,从而可确定出较为真实的煤层渗透率值,供煤层气可采资源量计算使用。      

黔西地区煤层埋深与地应力对其渗透性控制机制

基于黔西六盘水煤田和织纳煤田16口井36层次的试井资料, 采用地质统计分析等方法, 探讨了黔西地区煤储层渗透性的展布规律与地应力特征, 论证了煤层埋深与地应力对其渗透性的控制机制.研究表明, 研究区煤储层以特低渗-低渗透率储层(＜0.1×10-9m2)为主, 中渗透率储层(0.1×10-9~1.0×10-9m2)也占有相当大比例; 应力场类型在浅部表现为大地动力场型, 一定深度可能转化为准静水压力状态.煤储层渗透率及其埋深的负幂指数关系较为离散, 但在不同深度渗透率转折点与地应力场类型转变一致; 单井煤储层试井渗透率差异较大, 随地应力增大和埋深增加而降低, 平面展布受地应力强度控制由SW-NE具"低-高-低"发育规律.埋深对渗透率的控制实质是地应力的控制, 区域构造位置及其所处高应力场作用下的煤体形变与破碎致使孔裂隙压缩或闭合是该区渗透性差异的主要控制机制.      

滇东北镇威煤田上二叠统煤层气储层特征

滇东北镇雄-威信煤田煤层气资源丰富,通过对该区上二叠统龙潭组、长兴组(P_3c+l)和宣威组(P_3x)煤储层进行试井分析、等温吸附和现场解吸等方法研究,结果显示本区含煤面积广约为4530km~2,构造中等偏简单;主采煤层分布较稳定,以贫煤和无烟煤为主,平均渗透率为0.27mD,平均储层压力介于4.14～6.26MPa,兰氏体积平均值介于19.72～25.52m~3/t,平均含气量介于2.89～11.7m~3/t,含气饱和度介于16.01%～80.41%。表明该区储层条件良好,具有煤层气较好的开发潜力。     

滇东煤层气井动态渗透率变化特征及其工程优化

滇东地区煤层气资源量丰富,但是一直未能实现大规模商业性开发。为实现滇东地区煤层气井的产能突破,首次引入压力降落试井分析方法,对滇东地区煤层气井饱和水单相流阶段的煤储层动态渗透率进行了反演,并提出了改造初始渗透率和见气前渗透率的概念。研究发现,煤储层的改造效果与累计压裂液的总量、累计支撑剂的总量无关,而与储层改造规模(单位米厚压裂液和单位米厚支撑剂)密切相关。改造规模越大,煤储层改造效果越好。为确保滇东煤层气井能获得商业性开发气流,单位米厚压裂液和单位米厚支撑剂分别大于200m³/m、12m³/m。同时,煤层气井在排采初期降压幅度应小于0.017MPa/d,减少煤储层渗透率损害。     

韩城WL1井组煤层气地质特征

韩城矿区为我国煤层气勘查的重要区块,WL1井组位于象山煤矿西侧,区内煤层厚度大、发育稳定。根据WL1井组获得的煤储层参数可知,该区的煤层煤化程度R0为1.85%～2.05%,煤储层压力2.39～2.65MPa,渗透率为0.22～3.50mD,3号、5号、11号煤层含气量分别为8.38、8.46和6.63m3/t。区内构造简单,含煤地层富水性弱-中等。综合区内地质条件分析认为,韩城WL1井组是具有煤层气开发、生产潜力的区块之一。     

平顶山煤田煤层气赋存地质条件及资源潜力评价

平顶山煤田煤层气资源丰富,本文在分析煤层气赋存地质条件的基础上,对影响煤层气开采利用的煤层厚度、含气量、储层压力、吸附能力、渗透率等基本参数进行了分析,并评价了其的资源潜力。结果显示:平顶山煤田煤层厚度大,层数多,地层倾角小,各煤段基本都覆盖有泥岩、砂质泥岩等密闭性良好的区域性盖层,主采煤层二1煤厚度大,分布稳定,加之以水力封闭为主的水文地质条件,使得煤层气保存良好,赋存程度较高;煤变质程度较高,镜质组含量普遍大于60%,主采煤层主要是原生结构煤,割理、裂隙较发育,较大的吸附能力,这些有利因素为煤层气的生成和富集奠定了基础;根据煤层气试井资料,煤层渗透率普遍较低,平均仅为0. 07mD,这可能与试验井煤层结构破环较为严重,裂隙多被充填致使连通性阻塞所致;煤储层压力属正常压力储层,煤层气解吸速率较高,煤层气的赋存处于欠饱和状态。     

山西沁水盆地中-南部煤储层渗透率物理模拟与数值模拟

通过对山西沁水盆地中南部上主煤层宏观裂隙观测,力学参数测量和应力渗透率实验,分别建立了裂隙面密度、裂隙产状、裂隙宽度与煤储层渗透率之间的预测数学模型;利用FLAC—3D软件,模拟了该区上主煤层内现代地应力状态,结合煤层气试井渗透率资料,构建了应力与渗透率之间关系预测的数学模型,并对该区上主煤层渗透率进行了全面预测。通过吸附膨胀实验,揭示了各煤类煤基质的收缩特征,构建了有效应力、煤基质收缩与渗透率之间的耦合数学模型,并对煤层气开发过程中渗透率动态变化进行了数值模拟。     

Evaluation of the reservoir permeability of anthracite coals by geophysical logging data

Permeability is one of the most significant reservoir parameters. It is commonly obtained by experiment, history simulation, injection/falloff well test and geophysical logging. Among these, geophysical logging remains as the most economic and efficient technique in evaluating coal permeability in the vicinity of an open-hole. In this paper, geophysical logging data are used to evaluate the coal reservoir permeability for the No. 3 coal seam in the southern Qinshui Basin (Fanzhuang and Zhengzhuang coal zones). Ideally coal reservoirs consist of coal matrix and fracture networks that can be represented by a model called a collection of sheets. Based on the model, coal reservoir permeability can be quantitatively calculated using the theoretical formula of k_f = 8.50 × 10^− 4 w²φ_f, in which fracture width (w) and fracture porosity (φ_f) were obtained by dual laterolog and density logging data, respectively. Calculative results show that coal reservoir permeability ranged from 0.017 mD to 0.617 mD for the Fanzhuang coal zone and from 0.047 mD to 1.337 mD for the Zhengzhuang coal zone. The permeability decreases with coal burial depth, reflecting variations in penetration capability of coal reservoirs at varying depths. Comparing results with those from injection/falloff well tests, however, shows that the model-calculated permeability is slightly higher. This is expected because the model did not include the influence from coal anisotropy.     

Petrophysical evaluation of subsurface reservoir sandstones of Bengal Basin,Bangladesh

The present study has been carried out for core and log based petrophysical evaluation of subsurface reservoir sandstones considering at least one well from each of the Kailas Tila, Titas, Bakhrabad and Shahbazpur gas fields of Bangladesh. Core analysis results show that average core porosity, permeability and pore throat values are 20%, 209 mD and 44020 Å, respectively. These measured values support that the sandstone reservoirs are categorized as good quality reservoirs. Core porosity values usually exceed thin section porosity. Different cross-plots indicate that permeability is largely dependent on porosity. Permeability and porosity are also dependent on textural parameters that include size, shape, sorting and matrix of the reservoir sandstones. It reveals from both thin section study and different cross plots that diagenetic cements are the main controlling factors of the reservoirs. Quantitative determination of the volume of cements shows that cements have inverse correlation with porosity and permeability. Log based petrophysical parameters include shale volume, porosity, water and hydrocarbon saturation, permeability, moveability index and bulk volume of water. The average values of the mentioned parameters are 20%, 22%, 26%, 74%, 110 mD, 0.28 and 0.05, respectively. The most important parameters are porosity and permeability, which indicate that log porosity exceeds core porosity and log permeability significantly lags behind core permeability. The study also reveals that 23 gas zones covering total thickness of 385 m sandstones mostly posses good quality reservoirs except few moderate quality reservoirs.     

Coalbed Methane-bearing Characteristics and Reservoir Physical Properties of Principal Target Areas in North China

The coalbed methane (CBM) resources in North China amounts up to 60% of total resources in China. North China is the most important CBM accumulation area in China. The coal beds of the Upper Paleozoic Taiyuan and Shanxi formations have a stable distribution. The coal reservoir of target areas such as Jincheng, Yanquan-Shouyang, Hancheng, Liulin, etc. have good CBM-bearing characteristics, high permeability and appropriate reservoir pressure, and these areas are the preferred target areas of CBM developing in China. The coal reservoirs of Wupu, Sanjiaobei, Lu'an, Xinmi, Anyang-Hebi, Jiaozuo, Xinggong and Huainan also have as good CBM-bearing characteristics, but the physical properties of coal reservoirs vary observably. So, further work should be taken to search for districts with high pressure, high permeability and good CBM-bearing characteristics. Crustal stresses have severe influence on the permeability of coal reservoirs in North China. From west to east, the crustal stress gradient increases, whil     

Statistical analysis of the microlithotype sequences in the Bulli Seam, Australia, and relevance to permeability for coal gas

Sequential microlithotype analyses through the Permian Bulli Coal, Sydney Basin, Australia, enable determination of the abundance, locations and thicknesses of various microlithotypes in the seam. Statistical analyses allow prediction of these parameters. Microlithotype analyses may be used as a means of predicting seam permeability in relation to coal gas drainage, if used in conjunction with reported correlation between coal type and seam reservoir properties.A combination of sequential microlithotype analyses and statistical modelling provide data on the number, location and thicknesses of individual bands of vitrite, vitrinertite, inertite and mineral-rich coal. A Markov chain describes both the order and thickness of the bands in the seam. Local ordering of microlithotypes is similar, irrespective of vertical orientation, which suggests that analyses and predictions may be possible using representative, randomly oriented samples. Statistical modelling can be used to characterise the seam using a small number of parameters. These include the elements of the transition probability matrix of the Markov chain, from which many seam properties such as maximum band thickness, thickness distribution of bands and spacing of thick bands can be predicted.The permeability of vitrite-rich coal in the seam is 30 mD and it is 2.3 mD for inertite-rich coal. In general, for the Bulli seam, vitrite-rich plies are expected to provide better flow paths for coal gas than inertite-rich plies, because of the abundance of cleat systems in vitrite. Using this information, it thus may be possible to predict gas and water flow paths in a seam from microlithotype analyses, thereby leading to the development of a rapid method for assessing the comparative permeabilities of coal plies.     

准西苏13井区石炭系火成岩有效储层物性下限

有效储层物性下限是进行储层有效厚度统计、储层划分和油藏储量估算的重要依据,研究区石炭系火成岩储层岩性较为复杂,岩石种类较多、组分差异性大并且空间分布及内中的多种属性有着极不匀称的变化,当前国内外学者利用物探资料来判断准西石炭系火成岩有效储层物性下限值的相关研究较少。采用分布函数曲线法和物性试油法分别研究并互相验证进而综合判定物性下限值,避免单一方法的随机性。在此基础上,求取研究区不同层段的物性下限值,建立有效储层物性下限值与储层埋藏深度的拟合方程。研究结果表明:研究区储层多为低孔、中低渗储层,中部区域孔渗相对较高,物性较好,向北部和南部物性逐渐变差;研究区石炭系1500~1900 m及1900~2300 m火成岩有效储层孔隙度下限分别为5.09%、4.93%,渗透率下限分别为0.252 mD、0.198 mD;研究区石炭系火成岩有效储层物性下限与储层埋藏深度呈负相关。      

阿尔金山前带东段基岩储层主要特征及评价

为了解阿尔金山前带东段基岩储层主要特征,对储层进行评价.在野外露头踏勘、岩心观察描述、薄片鉴定及相关分析测试的基础上,结合普通测井资料、成像测井资料及孔渗密实验数据等进行分析.结果表明,阿尔金山前带东段基岩储层岩性主要是岩浆岩和变质岩,岩浆岩以花岗岩为主,变质岩以片麻岩为主.储集空间类型主要包括未完全充填裂缝、溶蚀孔洞和基质微孔3类.基岩储层孔隙度介于0.004%~9.760%,平均孔隙度在1.663%~3.844%;渗透率介于最大值0.002~33.239mD,平均渗透率在0.020~3.836 mD,片麻岩类物性整体好于花岗岩类,孔隙度和渗透率之间没有明显的相关性.基岩储层主控因素包括岩性及矿物组合、古地貌、先存断裂及破碎带、后期岩浆侵入及热液作用4个方面.结合基岩储层的物性特征及形成的主控因素,建立了多因素控制的基岩储层评价标准,将储层分为好、中等、较差、差4类.评价结果表明,研究区多以Ⅱ类储层为主,主要见于花岗片麻岩,其次是花岗岩、黑云母斜长片麻岩等.东坪鼻隆、牛中-牛北斜坡可见Ⅰ类储层;尖北斜坡、牛东鼻隆、冷北斜坡多为Ⅱ类储层.      

四川安岳气田龙王庙组颗粒滩岩溶储层发育特征及主控因素

安岳气田磨溪区块下寒武统龙王庙组气藏是迄今为止我国已发现的最大的整装碳酸盐岩气藏.该气藏发育于川中古隆起东端,已探明含气面积805 km2,提交探明天然气地质储量4 403.8×108 m3,其高效开发对保障川渝地区的天然气供应具有重要战略意义.龙王庙组储层发育表现出较强的非均质性,不同部位气井产能差异较大.深入开展储...     

淮南煤田刘庄煤矿深部煤层气地质特征

为了查明刘庄煤矿深部煤层气赋存及开发地质条件,在井田内实施了两口煤层气探井,并开展了系统的分析测试工作。结果表明:刘庄深部勘查区主要煤层孔隙度一般为4.14%~4.77%,比表面积集中在2.184~5.228m 2/g,13-1煤层、11-2煤层和8煤层试井渗透率分别为0.12mD、0.09mD和0.08mD,孔裂隙系统发育一般,属于渗透性差的储集层;储层压力梯度大于静水压力梯度,属高异常压力范畴;主要煤层兰氏压力平均为2.61MPa,兰氏体积平均为6.74m 3/t,吸附能力较低;LT-1井气测录井过程中共出现14层气测异常,异常层段全烃含量均较低,最大为3.701%(16-1煤);主要煤层的含气量分布在0.21~1.47m 3/t,平均0.65m 3/t,主要煤层含气饱和度均很低,最大值仅为18.0%。综合分析认为,刘庄煤矿深部主要煤层埋深大,孔裂隙系统发育差,渗透率低,而且具有低含气量和低饱和度的特征,煤层气勘探风险较高。     

云南恩洪地区煤储层孔裂隙特征及孔渗性分析

研究煤中孔隙和裂隙,对煤层气勘探开发至关重要。云南恩洪地区煤层气资源丰富,具有较好的开发前景。通过多种测试手段对该区煤层气储层的孔隙、裂隙进行了表征,分析了煤储层的孔渗特征,并探讨了煤中显微组分及不同类型的孔隙对储层孔渗性的影响。研究结果表明:恩洪地区煤层厚度大,煤级适中,微小孔发育,吸附能力强,有利于煤层气的吸附;渗流孔隙结构单一,非均质性不高,渗流能力相对较好,显微裂隙以较小微裂隙(D型)为主,定向性和连通性较差,可能造成渗流通道不连续和受阻等问题,导致渗透性变差,对将来煤层气的开发产生不利影响。