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汶川地震对建筑结构设计的启示 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
汶川大地震造成了大量房屋建筑的破坏。本文通过对钢筋混凝土结构和砌体结构的震害研究、非结构构件的震害分析以及典型震害进行的调查归类分析,探讨了此次地震对建筑结构抗震设计的启示,总结了经验并给出了以下相关的建议:(1)适当提高抗震设防标准。(2)房屋建筑设计要更好实现“强柱弱梁”机制:改进加强楼梯间设计:进一步研究非结构构件与主体结构的连接。(3)进一步推广隔震技术。 相似文献
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汶川地震桥梁震害分析及抗震设计启示 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
汶川地震中公路桥梁破坏严重,且破坏形式在破裂面南、北两端出现显著的差异。本文从震源机制、断层运动方式和桥梁本身特点等角度,分析了产生这一差异的原因。分析结果表明,断层南端由于释放能量巨大,断层逆冲作用显著,结构在竖向和水平向地震力作用下出现强度破坏;而断层北端右旋走滑作用显著,结构在剧烈的地面错动中出现位移型破坏。在此基础上,本文对强震区的桥梁抗震设计提出了相应的改进措施。 相似文献
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汶川地震中宝珠寺水电站遭受的地震烈度为8°(相当于水平峰值加速度0.2 g),远超过大坝的设计地震水平(0.1 g),震后大坝未见明显震损.为解释大坝在地震中的抗震现象,构建了坝址区三维模型.考虑坝体横缝非线性以及三个方向地震作用的不同组合方式,对汶川地震中大坝的动力响应进行有限元模拟.在此基础上,针对震后提高的抗震设防标准,进一步选取典型坝段,采用二维弹塑性方法对大坝进行抗震复核并分析可能的破坏模式.模拟结果表明:横河向地震分量起主导作用而顺河向地震作用相对较弱是宝珠寺重力坝在汶川地震中免于发生损坏的主要原因.坝顶混凝土发生挤压破碎缘于永久横缝在地震中高频渐开渐合行为引起的剧烈碰撞.宝珠寺重力坝对设计地震0.27 g的强震可以保持整体的安全性,对校核地震0.32 g的强震整体安全性降低,水库正常运行及抵抗余震的能力将受到影响. 相似文献
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汶川8.0级地震的一些启示 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
文章分析了地震能否预报争议的历史、 背景及其影响, 主张地震预报要知难而进, 要坚持监测、 预报和科研这一中心工作。 地震预报探索就是一部不断在反思和总结中前进的历史。 文中讨论了1975年海城7.3级、 1976年唐山7.8级、 1995年孟连西7.3级和2001年昆仑山口西8.1级等地震的启示、 2008年汶川8.0级地震的意义及科学继承与发展问题。 作者提出了地震大形势的判断、 地震前兆、 观测资料分析与评价等在汶川地震科学总结中要思考的重点问题, 建议做好汶川地震的科学总结、 制定新一代地震预报发展规划、 部署新一代观测台网、 完善地震监测预报工作体制等, 进而开创我国地震工作的新局面。 相似文献
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2008年汶川8.0级地震已经过去10年, 在此期间关于地震预测相关的基础研究和实践工作从未停止, 本文作者从地震预测业务人员角度, 分析了2008年汶川8.0级地震相关的地震地质、 大地测量、 地震学、 前兆观测异常等方面的现象。 针对不同研究方向, 从震情跟踪角度提出了预测意义的讨论、 可能问题的分析、 不成熟的一些建议, 并就综合预测给出了一些粗浅的思考和认识, 期望对地震预测预报工作起到抛砖引玉的作用。 相似文献
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Boming Zhao Xiwei Xu School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China National Center for Active Fault Studies 《地震学报(英文版)》2009,(2):175-179
Major cases of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake are obtained through field investigations of the epicenter and high-intensity areas, and the relationships among earthquake faults, ground motion and earthquake disasters near fault zones are analyzed.Both strong deformation and ground rupture lead to significant damages of the buildings, indicating that it is necessary to keep safe distance away from active faults and to take other necessary measures.There are two reasons for that the buildings near the surface ... 相似文献
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2008年汶川M_S8.0地震前地震活动异常特征 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
分析了汶川地震前地震活动时空演化特征.结果表明:①汶川地震前38a龙门山断裂带及其附近形成5级地震背景空区,震前6.5a形成ML4.0地震孕震空区,震前1a孕震空区内部及其两端相继发生多次ML4.0—5.0地震,空区缩小;②中国大陆西部及邻区2001年以来处于大震活跃时段,而中国大陆内部地震活动水平非常低,出现非常显著的7级、6级和5级地震平静;③南北地震带7级以上地震在时间上具有准周期特征,空间上存在由南向北迁移的特点,汶川地震的发生符合这一规律;④1998年以来南北地震带中段为7级地震空段,汶川地震就发生该空段内;⑤2003年云南大姚地震后,南北地震带地震活动显著增强,且在中、南段形成4.6级以上地震环形分布,四川及其附近表现为异常平静,同时震群活动显著,且在4.6级地震平静区内形成震群空区,汶川地震就发生震群空区的边缘,震前8个月,震群频度出现高值异常;⑥汶川地震前7个月,青藏块体大范围ML≥4.0地震平静103d,2008年1月13日以后平静区逐渐解体,至汶川地震前4级地震平静区缩小到巴颜喀拉地块,汶川地震就发生在巴颜喀拉地块的东边界带上,汶川地震前3 个多月,孕震空区内部出现NW走向的3级地震条带,与龙门山断裂带斜交. 相似文献
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Damage investigation of girder bridges under the Wenchuan earthquake and corresponding seismic design recommendations 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6
An investigation of girder bridges on National Highway 213 and the Doujiangyan-Wenchuan expressway after the Wenchuan earthquake showed that typical types of damage included: span collapses due to unseating at expansion joints; shear key failure; and damage of the expansion joint due to the slide-induced large relative displacement between the bottom of the girder and the top of the laminated-rubber bearing. This slide, however, can actually act as a form of isolation for the substructure, and as a result, the piers and foundation of most of the bridges on state route 213 suffered minor damage. The exception was the Baihua Bridge, which suffered severe damage. Corresponding seismic design recommendations are presented based on this investigation. 相似文献
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Houqun Chen 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2009,8(2):241-249
This paper describes some special features of the Wenchuan earthquake that affected dam safety. Damage and performance of dams, primarily for four dams over 100 m high located in the affected earthquake area, are briefly described. Lessons learned related to dam safety from this devastating earthquake are preliminarily drawn. As the seismic safety of high dams during strong earthquakes has gained more attention around the world, some critical issues related to dam construction in China are considered and extensively discussed. Questions such as “Why is dam construction necessary in earthquake prone countries such as China?”, “Can we accurately evaluate the seismic safety of high dams in China?”, “Did reservoir impounding of the Zipingpu and Three Gorges Projects trigger the Wenchuan Earthquake in some way?” and “What is the strategic priority of dam safety for large dams in China?” are discussed. Finally, the corresponding tactics with response to the challenge are suggested and recent preliminary progress mainly achieved in IWHR is briefly introduced. 相似文献
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The characteristics of spatio-temporal seismicity evolution before the Wenchuan earthquake are studied. The results mainly involve in the trend abnormal features and its relation to the Wenchuan earthquake. The western Chinese mainland and its adjacent area has been in the seismically active period since 2001, while the seismic activity shows the obvious quiescence of M≥?7.0, M≥?6.0 and M?≥5.0 earthquakes in Chinese mainland. A quiescence area with M?≥7.0 has been formed in the middle of the North-South seismic zone since 1988, and the Wenchuan earthquake occurred just within this area. There are a background seismicity gap of M?≥5.0 earthquakes and a seismogenic gap of ML?≥4.0 earthquakes in the area of Longmenshan fault zone and its vicinity prior to the Wenchuan earthquake. The seismic activity obviously strengthened and a doughnut-shape pattern of M?≥4.6 earthquakes is formed in the middle and southern part of the North-South seismic zone after the 2003 Dayao, Yunnan, earthquake. Sichuan and its vicinity in the middle of the doughnut-shape pattern show abnormal quiescence. At the same time, the seismicity of earthquake swarms is significant and shows heterogeneity in the temporal and spatial process. A swarm gap appears in the M4.6 seismically quiet area, and the Wenchuan earthquake occurred just on the margin of the gap. In addition, in the short term before the Wenchuan earthquake, the quiescence of earthquake with ML≥?4.0 appears in Qinghai-Tibet block and a seismic belt of ML?≥3.0 earthquakes, with NW striking and oblique with Longmenshan fault zone, is formed. 相似文献
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YAN ZhenZhen ZHANG Huai YANG ChangChun & SHI YaoLin Institute of Geology Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,(6)
The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred in an active earthquake zone, i.e., Longmenshan tectonic zone. Seismic waves triggered by this earthquake can be used to explore the characteristics of the fault rupture process and the hierarchical structure of the Earth's interior. We employ spectral element method incorporated with large-scale parallel computing technology, to investigate the characteristics of seismic wave propagation excited by Wenchuan earthquake. We calculate synthetic seismograms with one-point ... 相似文献
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基于小浪底数字地震台网建设改造,就微震台网和强震台网在大坝监测中的应用做了详细的介绍,试图为同类台网的建设提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献