滇西南打洛断裂晚第四纪活动特征

滇西南打洛断裂位于青藏高原向SE方向物质挤出的最前端,其构造活动记录了青藏高原东南缘最新构造活动信息。通过卫星影像分析、现场追踪调查、探槽开挖、年代样品测试、断错微地貌高精度测绘等工作,对打洛断裂晚第四纪活动特征进行深入研究。结果表明,打洛断裂是一条全新世活动的左旋走滑断裂,晚第四纪水平滑动速率上限值为(2.5±0.1)mm/a,下限值为(0.8±0.1)mm/a,平均约(1.7±0.9)mm/a。假定断裂滑动速率基本保持恒定,根据沿断裂地质体最大位错约(11.2±0.5)km,估算其走滑活动构造转换时代应为(4.4~14.9)Ma B.P.。断裂最近一次构造活动时间为(360±30)a^850±30a B.P.。     

孟连断裂晚第四纪活动特征

孟连断裂是滇西南地区的1条区域性活动断裂。本文通过地形地貌、断裂剖面及地震活动等对断裂的空间展布及晚第四纪活动性进行分析和研究,获得了断裂活动时代和活动速率等参数。研究表明:孟连断裂晚第四纪期间仍在活动,最新活动时代为全新世,运动性质以左旋走滑为主,晚第四纪以来的平均水平滑动速率为3.8—5.1mm/a;该断裂控制着孟连、勐阿等第四纪盆地的发展及演化,沿断层发生了1995年7月12日中缅边境7.3级地震。     

阳高-天镇断裂晚第四纪活动特征及滑动速率

山西地堑系北部的晋冀蒙盆岭构造区历史上无7级以上强震记录,但该区地处多个Ⅱ级活动地块的接合部位,具有孕育强震的构造条件,对其开展活动构造研究对区内的地震危险性评价工作具有重要意义。文中以晋冀蒙盆岭构造区内研究相对薄弱的阳高-天镇断裂为对象,基于遥感影像解译、野外地质、构造地貌调查对其晚第四纪活动特征进行了研究,发现阳高-天镇断裂多沿基岩山体与盆地内沉积物之间的接触带展布,在局部断裂几何结构不规则处向盆地内部生长;第四纪以来断裂以正断运动为主,但其运动性质沿走向存在差异。NEE和NE向为纯正断性质,而NWW向以正断为主,兼具左旋走滑运动分量;对沿断裂断错的地质体、地貌面进行了位移测量和光释光定年工作,得到断裂晚更新世以来的滑动速率为0. 12～0. 20mm/a,对应的拉张速率约占山西地堑系北部地壳伸展速率的10%。     

山西霍山山前断裂带晚第四纪活动特征研究

正霍山山前断裂带是山西断陷盆地带中部重要的边界活动断裂带之一,是我国依据历史文献记载确定的第一个8级大地震(1303年洪洞M=8大地震)的发震断层。围绕该断裂带的晚第四纪活动,包括断裂带的几何展布特征、构造地貌、活动方式、古地震等的深入研究,不仅对系统认识山西断陷盆地带晚第四纪活动历史具有重要理论意义,还对山西省的防震减灾工     

滇西南地区黑河断裂中西段晚第四纪构造活动特征

通过卫星影像解译、野外实地调查与地质填图,对滇西南地区黑河断裂中西段晚第四纪构造活动特征进行了研究.结果表明,黑河断裂为一条规模较大的区域性活动断裂带,西起沧源县南,向东南止于澜沧江断裂,全长约168 km,走向280°～310°.该断裂晚第四纪新活动性具有一定的差异性和分段性.根据其几何结构、最新活动性及1988年澜沧7.6级地震破裂带特征,可将黑河断裂从西向东划分为沧源-木戛、木戛-南代和南代-勐往三条次级断裂段.其中的中、西段长约88 km,全新世活动显著,活动性质以右旋走滑为主.沿断裂形成了丰富的断错地貌现象.西段断裂的最新活动断错了全新世晚期地层;中段是1988年澜沧7.6级地震的发震断裂之一.根据对断错冲沟的测量和年代测试,得到其全新世以来右旋滑动速率为(3.54±0.78)mm/a,与区域上其它断裂的滑动速率大致相当,反映了其区域构造活动的整体性和协调性.     

五台山北麓断裂繁峙段晚第四纪活动性研究

五台山北麓断裂位于山西地堑系北部。本文以五台山北麓断裂繁峙段的地质地貌为研究对象,分别在繁峙县的大峪村和岗里村两地断裂沿线进行了无人机测量。利用三维结构的运动重建技术(Structure from Motion,SfM)进行影像数据处理,得到高精度点云数据,并通过进一步处理获得了分辨率达0.5m的高清断错地貌正射影像(DOM)和数字高程模型(DEM)。通过对典型地区的详细野外调查和挖掘探槽等手段对该段晚第四纪的活动性进行研究,发现断层晚第四纪以来的活动主要是以正倾滑运动为主。同时在五台山北麓断裂沿线的大峪村、岗里村等地进行了断错地貌分析和晚第四纪滑动速率计算,得到约20ka以来的断层垂向滑动速率为0.4—0.6mm/a,近18ka以来该段发生过至少两次古地震事件。古地震事件和滑动速率分析表明,五台山北麓断裂晚第四纪,尤其是全新世以来活动强烈,且不同段落存在明显的活动性差异。     

阿尔金南缘断裂东段晚第四纪活动特征

阿尔金断裂的几何学和运动学特征对研究青藏高原构造演化和陆内地震机理非常重要。为定量科学研究较为薄弱的阿尔金南缘断裂东段的运动学参数,我们采用航卫片的解译、野外调查、地形测绘和年代学样品测试等多种方法对该段进行了初步研究。结果显示该段断裂主要以左旋走滑运动为主,且沿线存在较多的小位移,其位移空间分布的3个明显峰值分别为4.5m、8m和13m。根据河流阶地的左旋位移和相应的地貌面沉积年龄,得到晚第四纪以来阿尔金断裂东段的走滑速率约为2.7±0.9mm/a。基于所获得的定量参数,认为该段断裂向东以应变分解的形式将其应变量传递到相邻的逆冲断裂上。     

1303年洪洞8级地震震源过程研究

运用霍山断裂滑动速率和１３０３年洪洞８级地震错距的资料，将霍山断裂面取作位错面，使用粘弹介质中位错模型的有限单元公式￣［１］，计算震前断层蠕滑动和震时断层错动对应的临汾盆地应力和应变能密度年速率分布，由此得出：（１）１３０３年洪洞地震前，在临汾盆地以霍山断裂中段和南段应力和应变能密度年速率正值最高，为积累过程，而震时（含震后），年速率负值最高，为释放过程；（２）１３０３年洪洞地震加速了１６９５年临汾地震应力和应变能积累；（３）用有限单元分析方法中的劈节点技术离散位错面，可以符合位错概念     

柴达木盆地北缘断裂(锡铁山段)的构造地貌特征与晚第四纪活动速率

柴达木盆地北缘断裂是控制柴达木盆地东北部的边界活动断裂,对其晚第四纪的活动性进行研究对于理解南祁连山地区的应变分配模式以及该地区断裂向柴达木盆地内部的挤压扩展过程具有重要意义。文中通过遥感解译、地质考察、开挖探槽、GPS地形剖面测量及OSL测年等开展了相关研究,结果表明:柴达木盆地北缘断裂锡铁山段的遥感影像线性特征明显,存在一系列断层陡坎、断层三角面、水系扭错等地貌现象,是一条以走滑为主、逆冲为辅的全新世活动断裂。综合分析锡铁山镇西和全集河东2处不同期次洪积扇的垂直位错以及相应地貌面的年龄,并通过实测该区地貌面的水平、垂直位错数据,得到该断裂全新世晚期(3.2ka BP)以来的水平滑动速率为1.81～2.1mm/a,平均逆冲速率为0.33～0.38mm/a。     

山西高原六棱山北麓断裂晚第四纪运动学特征初步研究

六棱山北麓断裂是山西地堑系北端张性构造区中的一条控制性断裂，总体走向北东东、倾向北北西，是一条至今仍在活动的倾滑正断裂，控制阳原盆地的形成和发展。在１９９３年和１９９４年的中日合作研究中，我们对断裂分段特征进行了研究，并用Ａｕｔｏ－ｌｅｖｅｌ仪器对这一条断裂晚第四纪不同时期的断错地貌面的位错量进行了测量，对这些地貌面的年龄进行了测定，得到该断裂带晚更新世晚期至全新世时期的平均垂直滑动速率为０．４３～０．７５ｍｍ／ａ。关键词     

山西太谷断裂带全新世活动及其与1303年洪洞8级地震的关系

最新调查结果表明,太谷断裂断错山前冲沟Ⅰ级阶地以及在黄土台地前缘形成断坎,在地表及探槽中多处见到断裂断错全新世地层,断裂的最新活动是1303年洪洞8级地震,活动方式为右旋走滑兼正倾滑活动. 在该次地震中,太谷断裂与灵石隆起上的绵山西侧断裂、临汾盆地东边界的霍山山前断裂一起活动,形成长约160 km的地表破裂带. 除此之外,该断裂曾在全新世中期及距今7 700年以后有过活动. 由此得到,在山西断陷系,两个断陷盆地边界断裂的贯通活动发生8级特大大震.     

THE LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY FEATURES AND SLIP RATE OF THE YANGGAO-TIANZHEN FAULT

The Shanxi Graben System is one of the intracontinental graben systems developed around the Ordos Block in North China since the Cenozoic, and it provides a unique natural laboratory for studying the long-term tectonic history of active intracontinental normal faults in an extensional environment. Comparing with the dense strong earthquakes in its central part, no strong earthquakes with magnitudes over 7 have been recorded historically in the Jin-Ji-Meng Basin-and-Range Province of the northern Shanxi Graben System. However, this area is located at the conjunction area of several active-tectonic blocks(e.g. the Ordos, Yan Shan and North China Plain blocks), thus it has the tectonic conditions for strong earthquakes. Studying the active tectonics in the northern Shanxi Graben System will thus be of great significance to the seismic hazard assessment. Based on high-resolution remote sensing image interpretations and field investigations, combined with the UAV photogrammetry and OSL dating, we studied the late Quaternary activity and slip rate of the relatively poorly-researched Yanggao-Tianzhen Fault(YTF)in the Jin-Ji-Meng Basin-and-Range Province and got the followings: 1)The YTF extends for more than 75km from Dashagou, Fengzhen, Inner Mongolia in the west to Yiqingpo, Tianzhen, Shanxi Province in the east. In most cases, the YTF lies in the contact zone between the bedrock mountain and the sediments in the basin, but the fault grows into the basin where the fault geometry is irregular. At the vicinity of the Erdun Village, Shijiudun Village, and Yulinkou Village, the faults are not only distributed at the basin-mountain boundary, we have also found evidence of late Quaternary fault activity in the alluvial fans that is far away from the basin-mountain boundary. The overall strike of the fault is N78°E, but the strike gradually changes from ENE to NE, then to NWW from the west to the east, with dips ranging from 30° to 80°. 2)Based on field surveys of tectonic landforms and analysis of fault kinematics in outcrops, we have found that the sense of motion of the YTF changes along its strikes: the NEE and NE-striking segments are mainly normal dip-slip faults, while the left-laterally displaced gullies on the NWW segment and the occurrence characteristics of striations in the fault outcrop indicate that the NWW-striking segment is normal fault with minor sinistral strike-slip component. The sense of motion of the YTF determined by geologic and geomorphic evidences is consistent with the relationship between the regional NNW-SSE extension regime and the fault geometry. 3)By measuring and dating the displaced geologic markers and geomorphic surfaces, such as terraces and alluvial fans at three sites along the western segment of the YTF, we estimated that the fault slip rates are 0.12~0.20mm/a over the late Pleistocene. In order to compare the slip rate determined by geological method with extension rate constrained by geodetic measurement, the vertical slip rates were converted into horizontal slip rate using the dip angles of the fault planes measured in the field. At Zhuanlou Village, the T₂ terrace was vertically displaced for(2.5±0.4)m, the abandonment age of the T₂ was constrained to be(12.5±1.6)ka, so we determined a vertical slip rate of(0.2±0.04)mm/a using the deformed T₂ terrace and its OSL age. For a 50°dipping fault, it corresponds to extension rate of(0.17±0.03)mm/a. At Pingshan Village, the vertical displacement of the late Pleistocene alluvial fan is measured to be(5.38±0.83)m, the abandonment age of the alluvial fan is(29.7±2.5)ka, thus we estimated the vertical slip rate of the YTF to(0.18±0.02)mm/a. For a 65° dipping fault, it corresponds to an extension rate of(0.09±0.01)mm/a. Ultimately, the corresponding extensional rates were determined to be between 0.09mm/a and 0.17mm/a. Geological and geodetic researches have shown that the northern Shanxi Graben System are extending in NNW-SSE direction with slip rates of 1~2mm/a. Our data suggests that the YTF accounts for about 10% of the crustal extension rate in the northern Shanxi Graben System.     

LATE QUATERNARY FAULTED LANDFORMS AND FAULT ACTIVITY OF THE HUASHAN PIEDMONT FAULT

Based on the 1︰50000 active fault geological mapping, combining with high-precision remote imaging, field geological investigation and dating technique, the paper investigates the stratum, topography and faulted landforms of the Huashan Piedmont Fault. Research shows that the Huashan Piedmont Fault can be divided into Lantian to Huaxian section (the west section), Huaxian to Huayin section (the middle section) and Huayin to Lingbao section (the east section) according to the respective different fault activity. The fault in Lantian to Huaxian section is mainly contacted by loess and bedrock. Bedrock fault plane has already become unsmooth and mirror surfaces or striations can not be seen due to the erosion of running water and wind. 10~20m high fault scarps can be seen ahead of mountain in the north section near Mayu gully and Qiaoyu gully, and we can see Malan loess faulted profiles in some gully walls. In this section terraces are mainly composed of T₁ and T₂ which formed in the early stage of Holocene and late Pleistocene respectively. Field investigation shows that T₁ is continuous and T₂ is dislocated across the fault. These indicate that in this section the fault has been active in the late Pleistocene and its activity becomes weaker or no longer active after that. In the section between Huaxian and Huayin, neotectonics is very obvious, fault triangular facets are clearly visible and fault scarps are in linear distribution. Terrace T₁, T₂ and T₃ develop well on both sides of most gullies. Dating data shows that T₁ forms in 2~3ka BP, T₂ forms in 6~7ka BP, and T₃ forms in 60~70ka BP. All terraces are faulted in this section, combing with average ages and scarp heights of terraces, we calculate the average vertical slip rates during the period of T₃ to T₂, T₂ to T₁ and since the formation of T₁, which are 0.4mm/a, 1.1mm/a and 1.6mm/a, and among them, 1.1mm/a can roughly represent as the average vertical slip rate since the middle stage of Holocene. Fault has been active several times since the late period of late Pleistocene according to fault profiles, in addition, Tanyu west trench also reveals the dislocation of the culture layer of(0.31~0.27)a BP. 1~2m high scarps of floodplains which formed in(400~600)a BP can be seen at Shidiyu gully and Gouyu gully. In contrast with historical earthquake data, we consider that the faulted culture layer exposed by Tanyu west trench and the scarps of floodplains are the remains of Huanxian M_S8½ earthquake. The fault in Huayin to Lingbao section is also mainly contacted by loess and mountain bedrock. Malan loess faulted profiles can be seen at many river outlets of mountains. Terrace geomorphic feature is similar with that in the west section, T₁ is covered by thin incompact Holocene sand loam, and T₂ is covered by Malan loess. OSL dating shows that T₂ formed in the early to middle stage of late Pleistocene. Field investigation shows that T₁ is continuous and T₂ is dislocated across the fault. These also indicate that in this section fault was active in the late Pleistocene and its activity becomes weaker or no longer active since Holocene. According to this study combined with former researches, we incline to the view that the seismogenic structure of Huanxian M_S8½ earthquake is the Huashan Piedmont Fault and the Northern Margin Fault of Weinan Loess, as for whether there are other faults or not awaits further study.     

山西峨嵋台地北缘断裂晚第四纪活动性

通过1/5万活断层地质填图,对山西峨嵋台地北缘断裂晚第四纪活动性进行了详细研究。以谭家庄、南柳附近的2个阶区为界,将断裂分为西、中、东3段。谭家庄以西该断裂中更新世早期有过活动,之后未见明显活动迹象。谭家庄至南柳之间断裂晚更新世以来活动强烈,全新世仍有活动,最新活动发生在(2.00~1.29)ka BP,晚更新世晚期以来滑动速率≥0.36mm/a。南柳至西彰坡段晚更新世以来活动明显,尚未发现全新世活动的直接证据,晚更新世以来断层滑动速率≥0.1mm/a。     

山西中条山断裂带的晚第四纪分段模型

山西南部的中条山断裂是鄂尔多斯断块周边活动断裂系东南部分的 1条断裂。有关断层活动性的最新研究结果表明 ,中条山断裂的活动性水平较低且重复间隔较长。在这个认识的基础上 ,根据构造不连续性、构造地貌学、探槽古地震学和断层运动学证据 ,进一步提出了晚第四纪中条山断裂的分段模型及其定量参数     

祁连山-六盘山地震带中强地震活动特点及震前异常特征

将祁连山-六盘山地震带分为东、中、西三段，以分段的方式研究了该带中强地震的迁移特点，并对各段地震活动进行了统计研究，得到各段的迁移规律和各段中强地震震前异常特征．     

内蒙大青山山前活动断裂带的地震破裂分段特征

沿内蒙大青山山前活动断裂进行野外调查及探槽开挖的研究结果表明 ,该断裂西部地段及东部地段的最新活动时期在全新世中期以后及全新世晚期以前 ;中部地段在全新世晚期强烈活动 ,公元 84 9年包头地震的地表破裂沿该段展布。大青山山前台地与断层陡坎分布、洪积扇类型及河流阶地断错等地貌特征、全新世晚期断裂活动范围、沿断裂带探槽开挖获得的古地震事件对比 ,以及现今中小地震震中分布表明 ,全新世晚期大青山山前断裂的活动以土左旗为界 ,该界以西全新世晚期断裂强烈活动 ,该界以东全新世晚期断裂活动不明显。全新世时期大青山山前断裂的活动显示了由东向西的迁移     

1303年山西洪洞8级地震高烈度区内地震活动特征及其物理意义

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