基于NCEP数据进行高度计湿对流层校正的探讨

为达到高度计几厘米测高精度,湿对流层校正范围为3~45 cm,精确计算湿对流层校正是至关重要的。本文利用美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)数据,采用模型法计算高度计湿对流层校正。计算结果与无线电探空仪计算结果比较,偏差为0.01 cm,均方根为2 cm;与Jason-1模型法湿对流层校正产品比较,偏差为0.2 cm,均方根为1.4 cm。因此,利用NCEP数据计算高度计湿对流层校正精度较高,能够满足高度计大气湿对流层校正精度要求。为高度计大气湿对流层校正的计算提供1种新方法。     

海洋测线网平差中拟稳测线系统误差的影响

分析了海洋测线网平差中拟稳测线系统误差对参数解和系统误差检验的影响，提出了选择拟稳测线的t检验选取法。并通过仿真分析了拟稳测线系统误差的影响和选择方法的有效性。     

作业现场回声测深仪的器差订正方法比较

在作业现场使用回声测深仪测量海水深度的实践中,总结出了用于回声测深仪的器差订正方法中比测杆法、比测水陀法、温盐订证法的优缺点和使用范围,指出比测杆法只适用于在海水5 m以浅区域测水深中作比测,比测水陀法不能保证比测的准确性.进而,重点介绍了根据实践经验制作出的比测器的比测过程、步骤和方法,改法通过调整回声测深仪的声速,...     

沙漠黄土边界带湖相沉积糜地湾剖面红外释光测年

通过对糜地湾剖南红外释光测年结果与^14C测年结果（校正年代）比较，认为红外释光测年方法应用于沙漠黄土边界带湖相沉积物的年代测定可取得理想结果。 介绍了适合红外释光测年的粗颗粒钾长石矿物的分离，对粗颗粒钾长石红外释光信号的光晒退、残留信号和回授等性质作了初步研究，对测量等效剂量和附加剂量法和再生法进行了比较，同时还介绍了中国科学院黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室释光测年实验室从样品采集开始到年代值计算的整个测年实验流程。     

一种船载海面通量观测的校正方法

设计了一种用滤波法校正船载超声测风测量仪数据、计算海－气通量交换的方法。对１９８８，１９８９两年西太平洋海域考察期间超声测风测温仪的实测资料作了订正，订正了船体运动、特别是摇摆运动对风速的影响，用涡旋相关法计算了海面边界层的感热能量、动量通量、阻力系数和稳定度值。分析了海面上能量、阻力系数随大气状况的变化规律。计算结果表明，海面上的通量、阻力系数与水平风速和稳定度之间存在着合理的有规律的关系，证明     

大型钢管桩的动力测试和分析研究

本文介绍了用高应变法对某专用码头大直径钢管桩进行动力量测及ＣＡＰＷＡＰＣ法计算分析结果，提出了单桩极限承载力及该地区停锤标准，供设计部门参考。     

大洋多金属结核的生长历史研究

本文通过古生物地层法和^10Be法测年。确定了多金属结核三个生长世代的年龄。并联系当时发生的重要古海洋事件，探讨了大洋多金属结核的生长历史．     

第四纪测年研究概述

第四纪地层不仅在空间上复杂多变,而且其组成、岩性等也随时间变化.主要从岩石地层法、生物法、磁性地层法、考古法、放射性定年法等方面讨论了近年来第四纪测年方法的一些研究进展.由于科学技术的提高(如激光显微探测技术等),使得测年的精度、功效显著提高而样品的用量却大幅降低.此外,拓展了一些测年的应用领域,如电子自旋法应用于冰碛物的测年,据测年结果建立的序列可与深海氧同位素阶段对比.要增强测年数据的可靠性,需要丰富的地质工作经验,根据所测样品的特征选择最恰当的测年方法,且尽量选择多种适当方法进行对比.     

河口海岸环境沉积速率研究方法

沉积速率是河口海岸沉积环境的重要参数，对于河口海岸地质历史时期沉积速率的研究，大多采用^14C年龄值计算；现代河口海岸沉积速率的研究方法较多，常见的有河流输沙法，海图对比法，GIS法，放射性同位素测年法等。^14C法结合考古，孢粉等方法，能比较真实地反映河口海岸地质历史时期的沉积速率，对于现代河口海岸沉积，由于GIS和DEM方法的发展和计算机功能的支持，使海图对比的方法克服了手工带来的误差，目前仍然是一种可以使用的方法。放射性同位素^210Pb,^137Cs,^239,240Pu法使沉积速率的计算趋于定量化，在一定时间区域范围内，多种同位素测年同时运用，相互印证，从而使河口现代沉积速率更加准确。     

标准化测区法传递光滑因子研究

光滑因子对多面函数法GPS高程的拟合效果影响很大。结合两个实例测区,重点研究了多面函数法中的光滑因子的经验积累,提出了在标准化测区传递光滑因子的方法。使用极优值搜索算法,用第二个实例测区验证了标准化测区法在"相似"测区间传递光滑因子的可行性,解决了求定光滑因子的难题。     

Numerical simulation of water flooding into a damaged vessel’s compartment by the volume of fluid method

When a vessel is damaged, seawater floods into the damaged compartments and subsequently influences the motion of the vessel. Furthermore, the vessel’s behaviour affects the floodwater motion. In this paper, a Navier-Stokes (NS) solver with a free surface capturing technique, i.e., the volume of fluid (VOF) method, was developed to numerically simulate water flooding into a damaged vessel. To verify the developed solver, a 2-D and a 3-D dam break problems were tested. The numerical results coincide well with the experimental results and with the published numerical results. Additionally, it was used to solve the problems of linear and non-linear liquid sloshing in a hexahedral tank. The numerical results are satisfactory in comparison with the experimental results and analytical solutions. Finally, the phenomenon of water flooding into a damaged compartment of a Ro-Ro ferry was simulated numerically. The computed results are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Numerical Experiment on Two-Dimensional Line Thermal

The time evolution of a two-dimensional line thermal-a turbulent flow produced by an initial element with signifi-cant buoyancy released in a large water body, is numerically studied with the two-equation k - e model for turbulence closure. The numerical results show that the thermal is characterized by a vortex pair flow and a kidney shaped concentra-tion structure with double peak maxima; the computed flow details and scalar mixing characteristics can be described by self-similar relations beyond a dimensionless time around 10. There are two regions in the flow field of a line thermal: a mixing region where the concentration of tracer fluid is high and the flow is turbulent and rotational with a pair of vortex eyes, and an ambient region where the concentration is zero and the flow is potential and well-described by a model of doublet with strength very close to those given by early experimental and analytical studies. The added virtual mass coeffi-cient of the thermal motion is found to be approximat     

粗糙海底波导中信号的时间反转时空聚焦

对粗糙海底波导中信号的时间反转时空聚焦进行仿真研究。利用数值计算分析不同海底粗糙度RMS(平均起伏高度)下的聚焦效果,并与平整海底时作比较。研究结果表明:在本研究计算参数范围内,粗糙海底的RMS越大散射强度越大,信号在声源处的时间反转时空聚焦效果比平整海底时稍有减弱,但随着RMS增大无明显减弱。因此,时间反转技术适用于粗糙海底波导中的目标探测。     

基于弧段检测的高频地波雷达特定目标航迹跟踪方法研究

本文对现有的高频地波雷达目标跟踪方法进行了概述,提出了一种地波雷达目标长时连续跟踪的方法,基本思想是:充分挖掘航迹弧段特征,基于特征对船只运动建模,并结合杂波背景进行融合决策。进一步,为了达到长时间连续跟踪的需求,借鉴深度学习的思想,利用新获取的弧段数据对算法估计结果不断递归校正,使得随着获取数据的增加跟踪越准确。该方法适用于杂波环境且在航道附近存在众多干扰船只的情况下对机动目标航迹的实时稳定跟踪,为高频地波雷达在复杂干扰环境下特定目标持续跟踪提供理论基础和方法指导,为充分发挥地波雷达在海上监视监测中的作用提供技术支撑。     

Modelling of high amplitude internal waves integrating the primitive (Navier–Stokes) equations

In this paper we use an industrial Navier–Stokes (NS) solver to model high amplitude internal waves. The model simulates a fluid with a shallow upper layer with linear stratification and a deep lower layer with constant density, relevant to conditions in the ocean at several locations. Waves are generated by trapping a volume of light water behind a gate in one end of the numerical wave tank. The velocity and vorticity fields predicted by the model agree well with experiment. The high amplitude waves produced by the NS solver experience an upper bound on the velocity and a broadening in agreement with experiment. These effects have not previously been captured by theoretical models.     

A SPH numerical wave basin for modeling wave-structure interactions

Based on a parallel SPH-LES model, a three dimensional numerical wave basin is developed to study wave interaction with coastal structures. The OpenMP programming technology combined with an existing MPI program contained in the parallel version of SPHysics code has been implemented to enable the simulation of hundred millions of particles running on a computer cluster. As part of the numerical basin development work an active absorbing wave maker and a sponge layer are introduced. The dynamic boundary conditions are also corrected to reduce the spurious effects. Wave generation and propagation in the numerical wave basin is first tested and confirmed with analytical results. Then, the model is applied to simulate wave interactions with a vertical breakwater and a vertical cylinder in order to further assess the capability of the numerical wave basin. The predicted free surface elevation near the vertical breakwater is compared with the experimental data while the horizontal forces and overturning moments acting on the vertical cylinder are verified with the analytical results. In all these cases the model results show excellent agreement with the validation data.     

Possible link between weak bottom simulating reflections and gas hydrate systems in fractures and macropores of fine-grained sediments: Results from the Hikurangi Margin,New Zealand

Small amounts of free gas in interstitial sediment pores are known to significantly lower compressional (P-) wave velocity (Vp). This effect, combined with moderately elevated Vp from the presence of gas hydrates, is usually thought to be the cause for the often observed strong negative reflection coefficients of bottom simulating reflections (BSRs) at the base of gas hydrate stability (BGHS). At several locations however, weak BSRs have been observed, which are difficult to reconcile with a presence of gas in sediment pores. We here present a rock physics model for weak BSRs on the Hikurangi Margin east of New Zealand. Thin sections of a fine-grained mudstone sample from a submarine outcrop in the vicinity of a weak BSR show macroscopic porosity in the form of fractures and intrafossil macropores. We apply the Kuster-Toksöz theory to predict seismic velocities for a rock with water-saturated interstitial micropores and gas or hydrates in macroscopic pore space simulating fractures or compliant macropores. We match field observations of a weak BSR with a reflection coefficient of −0.016 with two end-member models; (1) rocks with gas hydrate-filled voids with a concentration of <4% of bulk sediment overlying water-filled voids, or (2) fully gas-saturated voids at a concentration of <2% beneath water-filled voids. A natural system is likely to consist of a combination of these end-members and of macroporosity filled with a mixture of water and gas or hydrate. Our results suggest weak BSRs may be caused by gas hydrate systems in fractures and macropores of fine-grained sediments with fully water-saturated interstitial pore space. Gas may be supplied into the macroscopic pore space by diffusion-driven short-range migration of methane generated within the gas hydrate stability field or, our favoured model based on additional geologic considerations, long-range advective migration from deeper sources along fractures.     

Variations of Kuroshio geostrophic transport south of Japan estimated from long-term IES observations

Two inverted echo sounders were maintained on coastal and offshore sides of the Kuroshio south of Japan from October 1993 to July 2004. Applying the gravest empirical mode method, we obtained a time series of geostrophic transport. Estimated transports generally agree well with geostrophic transports estimated from hydrography. Their agreement with the hydrographic transports is better than that of transports estimated from satellite altimetry data. The geostrophic transport is expressed as the surface transport per unit depth multiplied by the equivalent depth. The geostrophic transport varies mostly with the surface transport and fractionally with the equivalent depth. Seasonal variation of the geostrophic transport has a minimum in March and a maximum in September, with a range of about one fifth of the total transport.     

黎安港海水和沉积物中叶绿素a含量及与环境因子的关系分析

在2019年6月和9月对黎安港海域9个站点进行水质和沉积物采样调查,研究叶绿素a含量在潟湖内的空间分布,并探讨叶绿素a含量与相关环境因子的关系,为黎安省级海草特别保护区的海草资源保护与恢复提供基础数据及理论研究.结果表明:水体叶绿素a含量时空分布不均匀.6月,水体叶绿素a含量变化范围为3.34μg/L?14.64μg/...     

Distribution of wave crests in a non-Gaussian sea

The sea elevation at a fixed point is modelled as a quadratic form of a vector valued Gaussian process with arbitrary mean. With this model, saddlepoint methods are used to approximate the mean upcrossing intensity with which the sea level crosses upwards at a certain height. This estimated intensity is further used to determine the probability distribution of wave crests. The use of saddlepoint technique is particularly important here because it can approximate the crest distribution without the need to perform simulations or use fitted distributions. Several numerical examples are given, including two with measured data. In the cases of real data, the results obtained with the saddlepoint technique are also compared with the results obtained with well known methods commonly used in the industry.