南京下蜀土的岩石磁学特征

对南京附近的下蜀土进行了岩石磁学测定，通过磁化率各向异性测量研究了它的沉积磁性组构特征，下蜀土的各异向性很不明显，各向异性废Ｐ小于水成岩的Ｐ值（＞１．０２），且与困面理度Ｆ高度相关，与磁线理度Ｌ相关不明显，这种特征与中国中部风成黄土极相似。对新生圩剖面进行的磁化率测量发现用化率曲线上有７个旋回的波峰、波谷变化，这与剖面中的古土壤－黄土系列相一致，说明下蜀土的剖面磁化率同样可以作为地层划分与对比，反映古气候冷暧变化的物理参数。对典型下蜀土样品进行的低温磁化率测量揭示出古土壤和黄土的成颗粒的构成不同，古土壤以超顺磁质为主，黄土以顺磁质为主。细小磁颗粒在古土壤中的积聚可能与古土壤的发育及古气候的暧湿程度有关。     

磁铁矿的磁学性质与条带构造

本文研究了磁铁矿的磁化强度、居里温度、磁化率和磁化率各向异性等磁学性质。认为原始沉积的铁质在经受相当于居里温度的变质作用改造时结晶为各向异性晶体,其长轴方向获得了最大磁化强度,并在外磁场的长期作用下相互吸引连接成条带构造。构造作用的叠加产生了各种变形组构。     

藏东昌都地区侏罗纪岩石磁组构研究及其构造意义

本文对藏东昌都地区侏罗纪汪布组、东大桥组和小索卡组红层共71个采点开展了磁组构(AMS)研究。磁组构测试结果表明,早侏罗世汪布组岩石磁线理较磁面理发育,磁化率各向异性度较高,磁化率椭球最小轴K3散布于层面缩短方向,代表了与构造成因相关的磁组构;中侏罗世东大桥组和晚侏罗世小索卡组岩石则磁面理较磁线理发育,磁化率各向异性度较低,磁化率椭球最小轴K3与层面近垂直,指示了原生沉积磁组构。早侏罗世汪布组地层的磁组构揭示了其构造应力场方向为NE-SW向。中侏罗世东大桥组的磁组构指示了其沉积时的古水流方向为SE向(138.3°),而晚侏罗世小索卡组磁组构指示了其沉积时的古水流方向为NNW向(328.3°)。古水流方向的明显变化揭示了昌都地区从中侏罗世到晚侏罗世沉积物物源发生了相应的转变,表明昌都地区南早北晚的隆升过程。     

白云岩之上红色粘土的磁组构特征及其成因指示意义探讨

通过与粉尘堆积,以及玄武岩和片麻杂岩风化剖面磁组构的对比,探讨了以贵州平坝白云岩之上红色粘土剖面磁组构特征及其成因指示意义。红色粘土的各向异性较弱,并且不具有明显的沉积磁组构;母岩的组构特征对红色粘土磁化率各向异性没有明显的控制“痕迹” ;红色粘土与粉尘堆积物之间磁组构特征的明显差异,表明它们在物源和形成机制方面是不同的;红色粘土磁化率及磁组构特征反映出红色粘土中磁性矿物的物质来源和成因具有一定的特殊性。      

青藏高原西北缘晚新生代沉积岩古流向的磁化率各向异性确定及其构造意义

古流向的确定是重建沉积物来源及沉积过程的有效方法,而磁化率各向异性作为古流向恢复的可靠信息载体在室内沉积实验和具体工作中已得到认可.本文对青藏高原西北缘柯克亚剖面晚新生代地层鸟恰群、阿图什组和西域组80块样品开展了磁组构研究,磁面理与磁线理图、磁化率各向异性度与磁化率椭球体形状因子图直观地说明研究对象均具有磁面理较磁线理发育的特点,代表了原生沉积组构特征.柯克亚剖面乌恰群、阿图什组和西域组的磁化率各向异性测量则恢复了三个时期的古流向.古流向在不同时期的变迁显示了重要的青藏高原西北缘的隆升信息.乌恰群与阿图什组、阿图什组与西域组之间的古流向的改变反映出西昆仑山北缘具有西早东晚的构造隆升过程.     

龙门山飞仙关断层传播褶皱磁组构特征及构造意义

沿龙门山南段冲断前锋带飞仙关断层传播褶铍剖面钻取了270个磁组构定向岩芯样品,对其进行了磁性矿物与磁组构分析。通过等温剩磁和三轴热退磁实验确定了样品中的主要载磁矿物为赤铁矿。磁组构测试结果显示27个采样点的磁组构为中间组构与构造组构两种类型。通过对各点磁组构特征及各项磁组构参数进行详细分析,再结合断层传播褶皱运动学模型,得出断层传播褶皱形成过程中岩石应变及磁组构演化：断层扩展前的平行层缩短作用把原始的沉积组构改造成为中问组构;在断层扩展过程中,两翼地层的旋转抬升产生的简单剪切作用对地层磁化率各向异性产生影响,使得校正的磁化率各向异性度Pj值局部升高,以及在剪切变形强烈的区域形成构造磁组构。     

南京地区下蜀黄土磁性地层年代与古环境变化

通过对南京江北泰山新村下蜀土剖面所采的144个样品和南京江南燕子矶下蜀土剖面所采的467个样品所进行的古地磁测年、磁化率测量和粒度测定,建立了南京地区下蜀黄土地层220kaB.P.以来较精细的时间标尺;在此工作基础上,将南京下蜀黄土堆积所记录的环境信息同北方经典黄土、深海沉积氧同位素记录进行了对比,发现燕子矶剖面磁化率曲线能够与深海沉积氧同位素曲线1—7阶段进行良好的对比,两者之间的细节变化具有一致性,其中S0表现为高值,可与氧同位素曲线阶段1对比,为一高温期;L1可以划分为两层黄土(L1LL1、L1LL2)和一层弱发育的古土壤(L1SS1),L1LL1和L1LL2可与阶段2和4对比,L1SS1可与阶段3对比;S1古土壤层由3个古土壤亚层(S1SS1、S1SS2、S1SS3)和2个弱成土亚层(S1LL1、S1LL2)叠置而成,磁化率曲线具有明显的三峰夹两谷形式,正好可与氧同位素阶段5对比,表明这一时期的古气候特点是在湿热的背景下有两次干冷波动,其中S1SS1、S1SS2、S1SS3分别对应于5a、5c、5e,S1LL1、S1LL2对应于5b、5d;L2黄土磁化率曲线整体呈谷形,但中下部有一次峰,下部磁化率偏高,与阶段6的曲线特征相吻合;S2古土壤层未见底,目前获得的磁化率曲线特征可与7a和7b对比。以上研究结果确立了江南风尘堆积的古气候全球变化意义。     

贺兰山中段奥陶系米钵山组砂岩磁组构特征及古水流分析

文章研究了贺兰山中段奥陶系米钵山组砂岩的磁组构特征,首次运用砂岩磁组构判断米钵山组砂岩沉积期的古水流方向。采集12件具有代表性的古地磁定向标本进行原生剩磁处理,发现米钵山组砂岩磁化率强度中等,天然剩磁微弱;磁化率各向异性结果表明米钵山组砂岩沉积期的古水流方向为由NE向SW,认为砂岩沉积物可能来自贺兰山海槽NE侧的华北陆块西缘。     

长江三角洲晚第四纪古土壤与古环境初探

长江三角洲地区第一硬粘土层中有植物根、植屑、裂隙、粘粒胶膜、土壤结构体、结核等古土壤特征，系古土壤。料度，化学分析及磁组构分析揭示它为多期成土作用形成的揽合古土壤层。根据硬粘土层与南京下蜀土，黄土高原黄土－古土壤系列及上海亚近代潮坪沉积的磁性参数对比，推断该古土壤的母系系河流冲积物。     

柴达木盆地西部新生界磁组构特征及其构造意义

柴达木盆地西部狮子沟一带新生代沉积岩磁组构分析结果显示, 岩石磁组构具有磁面理发育、磁线理不发育、磁化率量值椭球呈压扁状的特点; 磁化率各向异性度P值不大, 反映总体构造变形相对较弱。岩石磁组构反映的应力状态总体为以NE向挤压为主, 与轴向NW的背斜构造发育相一致。该区岩石磁组构大多具有原始沉积磁组构特征, 磁面理产状大体上反映沉积岩层的层理, 同时也记录了受NE向挤压作用的痕迹。根据岩石磁组构与地层层理之间的关系分析, 柴西地区两翼不对称的狮子沟背斜具有断展褶皱性质, 其形成与下部的花土沟逆冲断层向南西方向的仰冲有关。      

西昆仑山前晚新生代沉积岩磁组构及构造意义

西昆仑山前晚新生代沉积岩磁组构特征表明，沉积岩原生磁组构受后期构造活动改变。磁组构测试结果表明晚新生代沉积岩生较明显变形，岩石磁化率椭球体指示磁面理较发育，反映岩石受压扁型变形为主。磁化率椭球体最小轴方向为NW，指示该区最大主压应力为NW，与区域构造分析结果相一致。     

末次间冰期以来黄土-古土壤序列的磁组构特征及其指示的古风向

黄土高原粉尘物质的搬运、沉积过程与来自中高纬度地区的季风密切相关。研究冬季风演化历史将有助于深入理解全球变化背景下,东亚地区气候变化的动力机制。通过对黄土高原的磁组构研究发现:1)各向异性度(P)与磁面理度(F)相关性较高,因此各向异性主要由磁面理引起,磁化率椭球体为压扁状;2)磁面理大致水平,K3近垂直于水平面;3)黄土平均磁面理为1.007,古土壤为1.004,古土壤层的磁面理与各向异性度均要低于其下伏的母质黄土层。成土作用在某种程度上破坏了黄土的原生磁组构;4)P,F和粉尘粒度间具有一定内在联系,一般而言冬季风越强,搬运的粉尘颗粒越粗,从而导致在沉积过程中形成较高的磁面理;5)K₁方向的等面积赤平投影图和玫瑰花图解表明,末次间冰期以来该地区的主导风向为NW向冬季风。     

Paleogeography of the northern portion of the Mixteca terrain, southern Mexico, during the Middle Jurassic

A preliminary paleogeographic reconstruction of the northern Mixteca terrain in southern Mexico is presented for the Middle Jurassic. The reconstruction is derived from combined analyses of spatial distribution of marine-continental Jurassic sedimentary units, identification of sediment source, and observations based on sedimentary indicators of environment and transport directions, as well as paleomagnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) results. There is an overall agreement between the AMS magnetic fabric results and the sedimentary indicators of current directions and paleogeographic elements. The results suggest a coastline at the south-southwest portion of this terrain, a general transport of fluvial sediments to the south and southwest, and marine influxes from the south. A Pacific margin provenance is supported by the paleomagnetic results for the northern portion of the Mixteca terrain.     

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) studies of Campanian–Maastrichtian sediments of Ariyalur Group,Cauvery Basin,Tamil Nadu,India: An appraisal to Paleocurrent directions

Oriented samples of sediments from Ariyalur Group, Cauvery Basin, south India, were studied for low field anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements to unravel the magnetic fabrics and paleocurrent directions. The results of AMS parameters of the sediments indicate primary depositional fabrics for Sillakkudi, Ottakovil and Kallamedu sandstone formations and secondary fabric for Kallankurichchi limestone formation. The obtained low degree of anisotropy (P _j ), oblate shape AMS ellipsoid and distribution of maximum (K ₁) and minimum (K ₃) susceptibility axes on equal area projection confirm the primary sedimentary fabric for Sillakkudi, Ottakovil and Kallamedu Formations. In the case of ferruginous, lower arenaceous, Gryphaea limestone and upper arenaceous limestone beds of Kallankurichchi Formation have recorded more than one fabric. The observed AMS parameters like shape factor (T) (prolate to oblate), q value and random distribution of minimum (K ₃) and maximum (K ₁) susceptibility axes are supported for secondary fabrics in Kallankurichchi Formation as a result of post-depositional processes. Based on petrographic studies, it can be established that K ₁ AMS axis of biotite mineral could represent the flow direction. The established paleocurrent direction for Sillakkudi is NW–SE direction while Ottakovil and Kallamedu Formations recorded NE–SW direction. Overall the paleoflow directions observed for Ariyalur Group is NE–SW to NW–SE.     

Regional scale strain variations in Banded Iron Formations of Eastern India: results from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility studies

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data are used as a tool to determine strain variations in different parts of the Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) of the Bonai Synclinorium, eastern India. AMS data of 88 cylindrical cores drilled from 29 samples collected from the limb and hinge parts of mesoscopic scale folds as well as different parts of the entire synclinorium are presented. It is found that the samples from limbs of small-scale folds and also from limbs of the regional scale synclinorium have higher degrees of anisotropy than the hinges. This is inferred to indicate that the limbs accommodated higher strain than the hinges. AMS orientation data are analysed in conjunction with field data. It is concluded that the magnetic fabric developed in the limbs as well as hinges of the BIFs of the study area is related to deformation and is not a manifestation of sedimentary fabric.     

中国东部主要黄土分布区的Sr-Nd同位素物源示踪研究

不同地质背景物质的Sr-Nd同位素组成往往差异巨大,同时Sr-Nd同位素组成在搬运和沉积过程中相对元素组分更 难被改变,因此是物源示踪研究最常用和有效的手段之一。该研究测试了中国东部代表性黄土堆积的Sr-Nd同位素组成, 包括山东半岛、黄河下游沿岸黄土和下蜀黄土,发现与黄土高原黄土的Sr-Nd同位素特征存在明显差异,指示不同的物质 来源。同时发现,中国东部主要黄土分布区的来源物质可能主要来自其附近的干旱区具有近源性。山东半岛及其滨海黄土 主要来自黄泛平原和冰期暴露陆架的黄河沉积物;黄河下游沿岸黄土可能直接来自黄河河漫滩;下蜀黄土的细颗粒组成物 源还没有定论,需要进一步研究。中国东部局部区域黄土的形成可能与中更新世革命以来冰期气候条件下的荒漠化有关。     

Magnetic fabric of Pleistocene continental clays from the hanging-wall of an active low-angle normal fault (Altotiberina Fault,Italy)

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) represents a valuable proxy able to detect subtle strain effects in very weakly deformed sediments. In compressive tectonic settings, the magnetic lineation is commonly parallel to fold axes, thrust faults, and local bedding strike, while in extensional regimes, it is perpendicular to normal faults and parallel to bedding dip directions. The Altotiberina Fault (ATF) in the northern Apennines (Italy) is a Plio-Quaternary NNW–SSE low-angle normal fault; the sedimentary basin (Tiber basin) at its hanging-wall is infilled with a syn-tectonic, sandy-clayey continental succession. We measured the AMS of apparently undeformed sandy clays sampled at 12 sites within the Tiber basin. The anisotropy parameters suggest that a primary sedimentary fabric has been overprinted by an incipient tectonic fabric. The magnetic lineation is well developed at all sites, and at the sites from the western sector of the basin it is oriented sub-perpendicular to the trend of the ATF, suggesting that it may be related to extensional strain. Conversely, the magnetic lineation of the sites from the eastern sector has a prevailing N–S direction. The occurrence of triaxial to prolate AMS ellipsoids and sub-horizontal magnetic lineations suggests that a maximum horizontal shortening along an E–W direction occurred at these sites. The presence of compressive AMS features at the hanging-wall of the ATF can be explained by the presence of gently N–S-trending local folds (hardly visible in the field) formed by either passive accommodation above an undulated fault plane, or rollover mechanism along antithetic faults. The long-lasting debate on the extensional versus compressive Plio-Quaternary tectonics of the Apennines orogenic belt should now be revised taking into account the importance of compressive structures related to local effects.     

中国北方上新世晚期-更新世早期风成沉积物磁化率各向异性初探

前人对中国黄土高原晚更新世黄土沉积物的磁化率各向异性的研究表明,磁化率椭球体最大轴(Kmax)偏角的方向能够指示黄土沉积时期的搬运动力方向,即古风向,并可以通过这种途径进行古季风的重建.本研究试图通过对中国黄土高原晚上新世-早更新世转折时期的风成沉积磁化率各向异性研究进一步检验其在古风向重建方面的应用潜力.选择分别地处黄土高原中部、南部和东部地区的灵台、渭南和保德3个剖面,对红粘土向黄土过渡时期4个不同地层单元古土壤层(S32)、黄土层(L33)、过渡层(TU)以及红粘土沉积(RC)的样品进行了磁化率各向异性测量,结果表明磁线理L值很小,而磁面理F较为发育,这与前人对晚更新世黄土沉积磁化率各向异性的研究结果一致;同时,4个不同地层单元的磁面理F、各向异性度P和形状因子T在3个剖面上均表现出随土壤发育程度增强而减小的变化趋势,说明后期的成壤作用能够不同程度地降低磁面理、磁化率各向异性度以及形状因子的大小.与前人对于晚更新世黄土沉积磁化率各向异性的研究结果不同的是3个剖面的S32,L33,TU以及RC的Kmax的偏角似乎并不能反映出当时的搬运动力方向,即古风向,而长期的压实作用以及不同程度的后期土壤化作用是造成这一时期黄土和红粘土沉积物磁化率各向异性最大轴偏角方向未能反映出当时搬运动力方向(古风向)的原因之一.