济南地区岩溶地下水污染程度评价

岩溶水环境背景值(污染起始值)是确定岩溶水污染程度的主要参数。通过2013年济南地区岩溶地下水水质资料与济南地区岩溶水环境地质背景值对比分析及综合评价,反映了济南地区岩溶地下水水质污染变化情况。该文地下水污染综合评价是根据以往不同年份的水质资料进行对比评价的,评价结果存在一定的局限性和不全面性,但基本能够反映济南地区岩溶地下水污染程度的总体情况。     

济南岩溶水系统划分及典型泉域水力联系

济南地区岩溶地下水研究程度较高,但泉域边界争议较多,命名混乱。为统一思想认识,以地下水系统理论为指导,依据相关边界划分及定名原则,将济南单斜岩溶水系统划分了三级系统,明确了各级系统的边界范围。通过对主要构造水文地质特征分析,揭露了典型泉域之间的水力联系及补排关系。对济南岩溶地下水系统划分及相互关系的综合研究结果,可为济南保泉供水提供地质依据。     

济宁地区北部岩溶地下水资源计算与潜力评价

济宁地区北部赋存有较丰富的岩溶地下水,目前已纳入当地开发利用规划。为防止过量开采引发不良环境地质问题,对该岩溶系统的资源潜力进行了科学评价。在查明济宁地区北部水文地质条件的基础上,利用水量均衡法与数值模拟法对该区岩溶地下水资源量进行了计算,通过分析地下水资源潜力模数,该区岩溶地下水资源潜力较大。     

济南地区岩溶地下水污染评价及保护措施

地下水是一个城市水循环的重要组成部分,地下水的质量关系到城市居民的生命健康安全.为确定济南地区地下水的污染状况,本文以历年的水文资料作为背景值,采用了单因子和多因子2种评价方法对济南地区岩溶水进行了污染程度评价,根据评价结果将研究区岩溶水污染程度进行了分级;在地下水系统防污性方面,采用DRASTIC模型对济南地区的防污...     

浅谈广西岩溶地下水源地类型划分

文章通过对广西岩溶发育特征与地下水的分布规律和赋存条件进行研究,提出广西岩溶地下水源地类型划分方案,并对不同类型的岩溶水源地开发技术条件进行介绍。     

五极纵轴测深法在龙岩灰岩地区寻找岩溶水的应用

曲潭测区内地形较平坦,多为第四系覆盖,表层土质较均匀,接地条件较好,选择五极纵轴电测深法在区内寻找岩溶地下水,通过视电阻率及激电二次场的测量,对物探异常的解译和深部钻孔验证,成功找到日出水量达千吨以上的岩溶地下水,为今后在灰岩地区寻找岩溶地下水提供借鉴意义。采用物探方法寻找岩溶地下水是一种不可替代的勘查方法,可以减少单纯钻探成井的盲目性,提高找水的成功率。     

沂南县贫水山区找水定井技术研究

综合分析沂南县气候、自然、地理,尤其是地质与水文地质条件,及2011年国土资源抗旱打井工作成果,结合沂南地下水含水岩组分布、赋存、地下水运移特征、构造对岩溶发育与地下水运动的控制等。得出沂南县岩溶地下水补给径流区的构造破碎带及其附近地下水相对富集。地下水富集特征可分为:构造带控水型、火成岩体阻挡富水型、断裂影响带强富水型及远离构造破碎带弱富水型等几种类型。根据岩溶地下水补给径流区地下水富集规律的分析研究,为今后贫水山区找水定井提供参考。     

综合物探方法在岩溶地下水勘查中的应用效果

文章论述了在广西西南地区抗旱找水的工作方法及其成功例子,并认为利用综合物探方法在缺水的灰岩山区寻找岩溶地下水是非常有效的。     

山东莒县龙王庙富水块段陡倾灰岩地层富水性研究

莒县灰岩地层产状较陡,多被断裂切割成若干个SN向窄条带状分布的小块段,岩溶发育具有不均一性,地下水资源缺乏,灰岩地层富水性研究对当地水源供给保障具有重要意义。本文以龙王庙富水块段为例,依据"1∶5万东莞幅、招贤幅区域水文地质调查"的实际调查分析数据,系统地进行富水性研究,从地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造以及地下水动力条件4个方面分析岩溶地下水富集规律,认为只要在这4个方面具备有利条件,就有较大可能形成相对富水块段。该次在灰岩地区找水的成功经验,对于今后在其他灰岩地区开展找水工程及相关研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

嘉祥县红运水源地岩溶发育特征及富水规律研究

红运水源地地处嘉祥断块北部,主要含水层为奥陶纪三山子组中细晶白云岩,且岩溶发育,在岩性上中细晶白云岩＞细晶白云岩＞泥灰岩＞灰岩和豹皮灰岩＞微晶白云岩.区域断裂构造发育,多以张性断裂为主,一般为带状岩溶发育,深度143～330 m,与断裂构造的走向基本一致,为地下水的富存和运移提供了良好的场所和通道.奥陶系顶板不同埋藏深...     

华北平原水资源紧缺情势与因源

基于水资源可持续利用理念,从水资源承载能力演化周期性、经济社会需用水规模难变性和未来水资源供需关系入手,介绍近60年以来华北平原水资源情势,特别是该平原水资源量、实际用水量和地下水开采量变化特征,并结合未来10到30年区域经济社会发展需用水量趋势,识别和诊断华北平原水资源紧缺因源.结果表明:由于降水量减少导致华北平原缺...     

威海市环翠区地下水环境质量评价

在威海市环翠区地下水调查研究的基础上,选取10项因子,采用单项组分评价和综合评价相结合的方法对区内浅层地下水进行分析评价。结果显示,区内大部分地区水质较好,部分地区由于受人类活动等的影响,导致水质变差,其主要超标因子有硫酸盐、硝酸盐、氯化物、总硬度等。     

莱州湾南岸潍坊北部平原区咸水入侵动态变化分析

以莱州湾南岸潍坊北部平原地区为典型研究区,阐述了咸水体形成的成因背景与分布特征。通过水化学分析的方法,分析了潍北平原地下水水化学变化特征,及人工开采导致咸水入侵的变化,并分析了咸水入侵的主要成因。     

THE CONDITIONS OF THE GLACIAL WATER RESOURCE AND WAYS OF ITS EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATION IN CHINA

ＴＨＥ　ＣＯＮＤＩＴＩＯＮＳ　ＯＦ　ＴＨＥ　ＧＬＡＣＩＡＬ　ＷＡＴＥＲ　ＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥ　ＡＮＤ　ＷＡＹＳ　ＯＦ　ＩＴＳ　ＥＸＰＬＯＩＴＡＴＩＯＮ　ＡＮＤ　ＵＴＩＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮ　ＩＮ　ＣＨＩＮＡＴＨＥＣＯＮＤＩＴＩＯＮＳＯＦＴＨＥＧＬＡＣＩＡＬＷＡ...     

高光谱遥感技术及其水利应用进展

面向新时期水利行业"补短板"和"强监管"的应用需求,遥感的前沿技术高光谱遥感凭借较高的光谱分辨率和图谱合一等优势,在水生态、水环境等水利行业的应用中发挥了重要作用,同时在水灾害、水资源等层面中也存在着一定的应用潜力.本文介绍了高光谱遥感的成像原理,回顾了成像光谱仪的发展,列举了目前国内外典型的高光谱载荷.重点介绍了高光...     

Safety analysis of water resources and eco-environment in Shiyang River Basin

The research on the present situation of soil and water development and utilization in Shiyang River Basin shows that water resources and eco-environment situation in this area are near the edge of collapse. Since the water crises occurred in the 1970s, problems caused by continuous decrease of water resources have been becoming serious year by year and eco-environment crisis occurred as a consequence. Up to now, 10 380ha of irrigated lands have been abandoned due to sand coverage and water shortage in the basin. Ground water was over exploded in Wuwei and Minqin because of water shortage. Ground water table in many places dropped under 5m (which is the ecology water table level), thus about 3000ha of Elaeagnus angustifolia forest come to dead and another 5800ha become feeble, and wind-drift sand near the oasis become alive. According to the current situation, if water utilization scope was not enlarged, a water transfer volume of 600×10⁶m³/a from other areas will be suitable to keep water resources and eco-environment safety in the basin, and also 70×10⁶m³/a will be left as spare water. Under this condition the water resources and eco-environment of the basin can reach the critical safety line of 2.032×10⁹m³/a; or if 180×10⁶m³ of water can be transferred from other areas, the water resources can reach the safety warning line of 1.732×10⁹m³/a. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40235053) and Lanzhou Jiaotong University "Qinglan" Foundation Biography: ZHANG Ji-shi (1963-), male, a native of Tongwei of Gansu Province, senior engineer, specialized in water resources and climate change in Northwest China. E-mail: zjs1963@yahoo.com.cn; hangjs@mail.lzjtu.cn     

THE PROBLEMS OF WATER RESOURCES IN NORTH CHINA AND THE STRATEGY

North China, whose total area is 420,000 km2, covers 2 provinces and 2 cities (Shanxi and Hebei provinces, Beijing and Tianjin) and the territories of Henan and Shandong provinces to the north of the Huanghe (Yellow) River, and part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Liaoning Province. Most of this region, which is situated in the semi-humid, semi-arid continental climate temperate zone, gets an annual precipitation of 500-600 mm, whereas, the perennial average amount of total water resource is 50.99 billion m3, including 33.82 billion m3 of surface water, 32.94 billion m3 of ground water and 15.77 billion m3 of their duplication. Due to the intensive exploitation of water resource caused by the deficiency of water resource in North China, key elements of water balance was changed, runoff volume reduced, evaporation increased, vertical movement of moisture strengthened, water circulation pattern transformed from open system into regionally closed system; meanwhile, due to the incompetent water     

Progress in research on river water chemistry in China

Ｒｉｖｅｒｗａｔｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｃｏｍ ｐｏｎｅｎｔｏｆｗａｔｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ .ＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅａｎｄｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｏｎｒｉｖｅｒｗａｔｅｒｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅ 1950ｓ.Ｔｈｅｏｂ ｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｏｆｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｉｓｔｏｒｅｖｉｅｗｔｈｅｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｒｉｖｅｒｗａｔｅｒｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａ ,ｅｓ…     

STAGES AND POTENTIALITY OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT INARID NORTHWESTERN CHINA

The processes of water resources exploitation and utilization can be divided into three stages by water resources transformation, and the history, present situation and future trend of water resources development in piedmont areas around high mountains of arid northwestern China. The three stages are: the stage of surface water development (the first stage), the stage of comprehensive development of surface and ground water (the second stage) and the stage of economical development of water resources (the third stage). The three stages link each other and show the law and processes of water resources exploitation and utilization associated with social and technological progress. The economical water policy should run through the three stages. On this point, however, the third stage differs from the others, particularly, refering to irrigated agriculture. The third stage has more progressive significance because it breaks the traditional ideas on water resources development. According to our investigation and calculation, under present conditions of water resources development, the net used water is about 160 × 10⁸ m³, accounting for 18% of the total water resources of northwestern China. The water resources have not been fully developed. If the first stage is finished, the exploitable water can be increased by 91%. After the second stage, furthermore, it can be increased by 216%. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

盐扩散法水文测井在焦家金矿床深部详查中的应用

盐扩散法水文测井属地球物理勘探方法,在焦家金矿床深部详查中取得了很好的效果。该文简要说明了盐扩散法水文测井的基本原理,详细介绍了盐扩散法水文测井的工作步骤,系统总结了盐扩散法水文测井的异常规律,根据加盐水前后流体电阻率的变化,判断出水位置、水的补给方向及淡水或咸水。