嫦娥二号探测器在轨运行视景仿真系统的研究与实现

针对嫦娥二号探测器在轨运行阶段的仿真需求,充分发挥视景仿真的优势,利用嫦娥一号探测器获得的地形和影像数据、日地月嫦娥二号探测器星历数据,基于OSG(OpenScene Graph)设计了针对嫦娥二号任务的在轨运行视景仿真系统。论述了该系统的开发平台,系统总体框架,并对系统的实现进行了详细描述。论述了月球模型数据构建,嫦娥二号探测器构建,星历数据库构建与访问,仿真实体空间位置的实时更新,CCD立体相机探测过程的仿真,视点的控制等实现方法。仿真结果表明系统完全能满足嫦娥二号任务在轨运行仿真的要求,并已应用于嫦娥二号任务执行过程中。     

绕月探测工程CCD立体相机的实验室辐射定标

探月光学有效载荷系统含CCD立体相机与干涉成像光谱仪两台光学遥感器,CCD立体相机完成的科学目标主要是与激光高度计配合获取月球表面三维立体图像。文章主要叙述了三线阵立体相机的工作原理,定标内容、目的以及CCD裸片像元检测和整机的相对定标和绝对定标过程。     

双目立体显示技术在月表形貌三维可视化中的应用

基于嫦娥二号探测器获得的地形及影像数据,将双目立体显示技术应用于月表形貌三维可视化中,构建了月球三维立体可视化系统。介绍了双目立体显示原理,并对月球三维立体可视化系统的具体实现进行了详细的介绍。首先论述了系统的设计方案及硬件环境;接着论述了月球海量地形数据的组织方式和实时渲染方法;最后采用离轴模型的双目立体显示方法,实现了舒适的立体效果。月球科普及科研应用表明,系统具有良好的实用价值。     

深空探测中的轨道设计和轨道力学

深空探测相对于地球卫星而言,指探测器脱离地球引力范围,进入行星际空间甚至距离地球更远的空间对太阳系内或者太阳系以外的天体进行探测. 从20世纪末尤其是21世纪以来,随着航天领域科技的进步和提高,对月球和太阳系其他大行星的探测,越来越多地得到世界各国的关注.近几年,我国也加快了对月球的探测步伐.2007年10月24日,我国成功发射了第1个月球探测器 嫦娥一号月球探测器,实现了精确变轨、成功绕月的预定目标,获取到大量科学数据和全月影像图,并成功实施受控撞月任务.2010年10月1日,我国又成功发射嫦娥二号月球探测器,获取了分辨率更高的全月影像图和虹湾区域高清晰影像,并成功开展环绕拉格朗日L2点等多项拓展性试验,为深空探测后续任务的实施奠定了基础.     

基于测月雷达机制月壤相对介电常数反演方法模拟研究

嫦娥三号卫星于2013年12月2日发射,并成功着陆月球,其巡视器上搭载的测月雷达实现了首次雷达就位探测月球。基于测月雷达的探测机制,给出了两种计算月壤相对介电常数的方法,标定件标定法和双天线时延法,并通过仿真验证了两种计算方法的有效性,文中同时给出了两种计算方法存在的局限性,为后期基于嫦娥三号雷达数据进行月球次表层的介电特性反演提供了重要依据。     

基于空间光学成像的4179号小行星表面反射特性研究

2012年12月13日,嫦娥二号在距地球约700万公里的深空,成功飞掠4179号小行星,获得了最高分辨率优于3 m的系列可见光图像.使用最小二乘拟合方法,对成像相机辐射定标数据进行处理,获取绝对定标系数和相对定标校正矩阵,校正原始小行星图像及定标数据,同时反演成像时刻小行星表面辐射亮度.根据Hapke对Nicodemus反射率定义标准在行星科学应用中的具体描述,获取小行星半球反照率.在R、G、B谱段上,小行星表面平均半球反照率分别为0.208 3、0.126 9和0.134 6.小行星表面半球反照率为0.156 6.首次使用基于空间光学成像的方法获得了4179号小行星表面光谱反照率,并获得了4179号小行星的表面反照率分布图,对行星科学研究有应用价值.     

建立WebGIS的月球三维可视化关键技术

嫦娥工程获得了大量月球探测数据。针对让公众用户通过网络获取月球信息,更好了解月球知识的需求,地面应用系统提出了建立基于WebGIS的月球三维可视化系统的解决方案。首先介绍了国内外三维月球的发展现状,详细分析了开发WebGIS系统的客户端和服务器端技术,重点阐述了月球空间数据模型和三维场景可视化渲染等三维GIS可视化关键技术,为建立我国的三维月球可视化系统提供了理论支持。     

附加相对约束关系的月表全景相机平差算法研究

我国近期发射的月球探测器携带了全景相机的科学载荷,负责获取巡视器着陆区的月球表面影像。全景相机共有两台,采用双目立体成像,实际工作时保持相对位置和姿态关系不变。参考地球测绘、计算机视觉等领域的多个相似案例,使用一种改进的平差模型,经过实验验证,证明该模型能够消除不同立体像对间相对位置和姿态的偏差,使平差结果更加可靠,为我国探月任务中月表全景相机影像数据的摄影测量处理提供帮助和支持。     

嫦娥二号伽玛射线谱仪

嫦娥二号卫星是我国继嫦娥一号卫星成功发射后的第2颗探月卫星,其上搭载的伽玛射线谱仪(Gamma-Ray Spectrometer,GRS)的主要科学目标是探测月表O、Si、Fe、Ti、U、Th、K、Mg、Al、Ca等主量元素.相比嫦娥一号伽玛射线谱仪,嫦娥二号的能量分辨率和探测效率都大大提高.描述了嫦娥二号伽玛射线谱仪的设计和性能测试结果以及在轨飞行的初步探测成果.     

基于CLEAN算法的嫦娥四号低频射电频谱仪信号干扰抑制

嫦娥四号低频射电频谱仪(Low Frequency Radio Spectrometer,LFRS)放置在月球背面,观测条件得天独厚.然而,嫦娥四号平台存在约10-15 W/(m2·Hz)的强干扰,并且干扰在每道时域数据中存在明显差异,大大削弱了低频射电频谱仪的观测灵敏度.为此,从两组信号的相关性出发,提出基于CLEA...     

Acceleration of Numerical Integration of the Equations of Motion of Asteroids

Solar System Research - Finding and studying possible collisions of asteroids approaching the Earth requires a significant amount of computation. This paper describes the R0 program created to...     

A survey of orbits of co-orbitals of Mars

Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF₃₁, were discovered, librating about the L₅ Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ₇, to be a Trojan, associated with the L₄ Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND₄₃) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW₁₅ and 2000 TG₂, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion.     

Graphical representation of periodic motion of the line of nodes of the Moon

In the text-books of astronomy, sections generally related to the Moon deal with the orbital elements of the Earth-Moon system such asa, e, i, , and the time of perigee passage. While the MEAN of the first of the three elements do not vary, mean longitude of the ascending node-mean longitude of the lunar perigee and the time of perigee passage undergoes secular as well as periodic changes due predominantly to the action of the Sun's gravitational attraction. While to a certain degree, explanations related to the calculation of the lunar orbit parameters are given, not a single graphical representation of these short- or long-periodic changes are presented. We allow the number of data related to these periodic changes must cover a large span of time; and if regression of the line of nodes or advances of the line of apses are to be graphically seen, data covering 18.61 and 8.85 yr, respectively, are needed. In this work we particularly aim at the graphical representation of the periodic changes of the line of nodes.     

Observations of the intensity of the penumbra of sunspots

Observations of the penumbral intensity of sunspots in 13 wavelength regions are presented. In 4 wavelength regions 54 sunspots are measured. In the other wavelength regions the number of sunspots considered ranges from 3–19.The penumbral intensity alters with position within the spot. This intensity variation is found to be comparable with the change in intensity from one spot to another. The penumbral intensity is found to be independent of spot size in the sample considered.The penumbra model of Kjeldseth Moe and Maltby (1969) with = 0.055 is supported by the measurements.     

Equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars

Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars.