ESTARFM模型在西藏色林错湖面积时空变化中的应用分析(1976-2014年)

湖泊（特别是内陆湖）作为全球气候变化的敏感区域,是气候变化与环境变异的指示器,其面积变化在一定程度上可反映区域的气候变化。因此,精确监测湖泊面积的时空变化,对分析区域生态环境变化具有重要的意义。本文基于ESTARFM时空数据融合模型,利用MODIS数据模拟了2000年后无法得到的Landsat数据;利用NDWI和MNDWI 2种水体指数并辅以DEM数据分析了1976-2014年西藏色林错湖湖面面积的时空变化;综合湖区周围6个气象站点的气象数据(1970-2014年),探究了湖面面积变化的原因及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明：(1)利用ESTARFM时空融合模型得到的Landsat-Like数据与真实的Landsat数据在水体信息提取方面具有较高的相关性,R²可达0.93,时空数据融合的结果可用于湖泊水体的信息提取;(2)近40年来（1976-2014年）,色林错湖处于持续扩张状态,面积呈较显著的增长趋势,增加了近711.652 km²,增幅为42.36%,年平均增长速率约为18.728 km²a^-1,增长最快时可达55.954 km²a^-1;湖面面积变化先后经历了平稳变化-迅速变化-平稳变化3个阶段;北部湖区在40年间变化最为明显,向北扩展了约22.812 km;2003-2005年,南部湖区已与雅根错湖连为一体,随后二者共同扩张;(3)气温的持续升高造成的冰雪融水补给增加可能是导致湖泊面积扩张的主要因素,风速的降低为次要因素,湖面的面积变化与降水量、日照时数的变化相关性不明显。     

乡村的风景

乡村是一帧大画,铺展着看不尽的风景.摇曳的风景或以朴素的节气,或以青翠的生,或以激扬的旋律,或以动感的场面,诠释着乡村,记录着乡村,丰满着乡村.     

论太行弧风景带的成因

通过完成1:25 000新乡市幅区域地质调查修测的基础上,对太行弧內风景点的分布做了较为系统的野外调查,并收集整理了该区大量的地质遗迹资料编写完成.通过对太行弧内风景区的种类、分布及特点介绍,探讨了其成因演化,从而更好地为开发旅游资源及申报更高级别的地质公园提供基础性地质资料.其目的是促进当地地质旅游资源的开发利用,并使地质遗迹风景得到更好的保护.     

西藏矿产资源开发利用的特殊性

区域经济的发展离不开矿产资源的开发利用,由于地域、资源分布、发展历史、社会经济发展水平不同,矿产资源的开发利用战略必然存在不同程度的差异。人们心目中具有浓厚神秘色彩的西藏,与全国其他省市相比,更具有诸多的特殊之处,其     

叶梦:我眼里的安化雪峰湖

9月2日,国家林业局发文,准予安化设立湖南柘溪国家森林公园,面积8579.3公顷,包括柘溪、茶马古道和云台山等三个景区。柘溪国家森林公园包括雪峰湖省级地质公园。雪峰湖省级地质公园位于雪峰山中段,覆盖了半个安化县,境内峰峦延绵,构成了集山、水、林、瀑、峡、洞等为一体的奇特秀丽的自然风光,它与古老的梅山文化、神秘的古迹传说、丰富的历史遗迹一起成为人们向往和追寻的神秘地带。安化的版图像一个用隶书写就的人字,被分为前乡与后乡。雪峰湖地质公园就是囊括后乡所在的7个乡镇,成为安化后乡的全部。     

从海南天涯海角风景名胜区看广西三娘湾景区

天涯海角风景名胜区位于海南省三亚市西郊20km的马岭山下,景区沿弧形海湾展布,长约4km,景区东部较宽约500m,西郊较窄约100m. 景观包括四大类:第一类最突出的是早白垩世燕山期花岗岩球状风化后的巨石,大小不等,最大的直径有10m多(见图1),小的直径1m左右,高度悬殊,最高的10m,低的1～2m,为数近千块,呈不均匀自西向东沿岸边的沙滩断续分布.     

西藏浅层地温气候特征分析及与降水的关系

选择了西藏地区建站早、有代表性的１５个站１９６１～１９９６年逐月１０ｃｍ、２０ｃｍ、４０ｃｍ三个层次的地温资料以及月降水量资料。运用ＥＯＦ方法分析了各层地温的时空特征,并对不同时段的地温场和降水场进行ＳＶＤ分解,并讨论了前期地温变化,尤其是１０ｃｍ地温变化与我区降水之间的关系。分析表明,浅层地温最高值雅鲁藏布江中游地区出现在６月,其它各地一般出现在７月,最低值全区均出现在１月。地温年较差雅鲁藏布江中游地区最小,林芝、昌都次之,阿里地区最大。雅鲁藏布江中游大部分地区近３６年浅层地温呈现上升趋势,且冬春季升温幅度较汛期要高。阿里、昌都及林芝变化则不明显。地温阿里地区最低,低值中心靠近改则,昌都的西北部和南部为两个次低值区;雅江一线、东南部地温较高,最高值中心在察隅,次高值在泽当～林芝的沿江地区。１０、２０、４０ｃｍ地温年变化和冬春季、汛期变化存在准３年或准６年的周期性规律。前期地温场变化,特别是１０ｃｍ地温变化与降水有着密切的联系。大部分地区,特别是雅江中游地区和阿里地区、冬春季地温偏高（低）,汛期降水偏少（多）,两者间存在明显的反位相关系     

让最前沿的风景靓起来——临桂县全面开展乡镇国土所建设

近期,临桂县宛田、五通、六塘3个乡镇国土所的办公大楼相继竣工投入使用,这3座办公大楼的竣工,使临桂县已落实办公地点的基层国土所增加到6个,该县三分之二的乡镇国土所建设已经完成.     

克什克腾：火山与冰川构筑的美丽风景

亲爱的朋友,您知道吗？在我国内蒙古自治区赤峰市境内,有一处让人心驰神往的旅游热地,它就是享有“塞北金三角”、“北京后花园”之誉的克什克晦世界地质公园。     

冬日黄山银装盛裹的妖娆

以“奇”闻名天下的黄山位于安徽省南部,是中国最美的十大名山之一。因传说中轩辕黄帝在此羽化升天而改名并沿用至今。黄山集奇异深邃、雄伟险峻和神秘莫测于一身,除以奇松、怪石、云海、温泉“四绝”著称于世外,尚有湖、瀑、潭、溪,名贵花本、珍禽异兽,日出、日落相点缀。明代     

天堂西藏

美丽富饶的西藏自治区位于祖国西南边陲，地处青藏高原西南部，有“世界屋脊”之称。全区90％为藏族，其余有汉及门巴、珞巴、蒙古等民族。     

Debris-flow of Zelongnong Ravine in Tibet

Zelongnong Ravine, a branch ravine of Brahmaputra, is an old large glacier debris-flow ravine. Debris-flows with medium and/or small scales occur almost every year; multiple super debris-flows have also broken out in history, and have caused destructive disaster to local residents at the mouth of ravine and blocked Brahmaputra. The huge altitude difference and the steep slope of the Zelongnong Ravine provide predominant energy conditions for the debris-flow. The drainage basin is located in the fast uplifted area, where the complicated geologic structure, the cracked rock, and the frequent earthquake make the rocks experience strong weathering, thus plenty of granular materials are available for the formation of debris-flows. Although this region is located in the rain shadow area, the precipitation is concentrated and most is with high intensity. Also, the strong glacier activity provides water source for debris-flow. According to literature reviews, most debris-flows in the ravine are induced by rainstorms, and their scales are relatively small. However, when the melted water is overlaid, the large scale debris-flows may occur. Parametric calculation such as the flow velocity and the runoff is conducted according to the monitoring data. The result shows that large debris-flows can be aroused when the rainstorm and the melted water are combined well, but the possibility of blocking off Brahmaputra is rare. The occurrence of the super debris-flows is closely related to the intense glacier activity (e.g., glacier surge). They often result in destructive disasters and are hard to be prevented and cured by engineering measures, due to the oversized scales. The hazard mitigation measures such as monitoring and prediction are proposed.     

论朱自清写景散文的文化意蕴

从江南士风这一视角解读《荷塘月色》以及朱自清写景散文,并从中透析朱自清散文创作的深层文化心理和文化渊源。     

Discussion on sustainable urbanization in Tibet

After 1995,Tibet entered the stage of accelerated urbanization.The large floating population from outside Tibet has become the driving force for urban expansion and the rising of urbanization rate.After analyzing the changes of urban functions and spatial structure of urban system in Tibet,this paper argues that before 1995 the urbanization in Tibet was mainly driven by administrative function,resulting in certain population migration,whereas in the past dec-ade economic function has become the key factor accelerating urban expansion with the market mechanism creating large-scale inflow of population.The floating population-based urbanization and high population growth in the agri-cultural and pastoral areas of Tibet has promoted the regional economic prosperity,but exerted resources and environ-mental pressure and brought some problems for Tibetan culture protection at the same time.The conflicts and contra-dictions between urbanization and the sustainability of natural resources,environment and social development have been intensified.Addressing these problems,this paper proposes some countermeasures for improving the sustainabil-ity of Tibetan urbanization.     

中国滑雪酷在龙江

黑龙江是中国滑雪旅游资源最富集的省份，冬季雪最大，雪期长，雪质好；同时黑龙江省的地形地貌又为大力开发滑雪旅游提供了理想的地理环境。省内大兴安岭，小兴安岭，张广才岭和完达山，大青山以及齐齐哈尔市西部的大兴安岭东越主要山地多为中，低山，是避建滑雪场的理想场所。     

Debris flow dam formation in Southeast Tibet

1 Introduction Debris flows in Southeast Tibet can carry a great deal of sediment into streams in a special way. They block mainstreams and form dams.This type of dam,not only dominates the interaction between water and sediment and changes in the riverbed, but also exerts a great influence on the ability of transportation of the river. When a debris-flow dam forms, the water level behind the dam will increase, and villages, fields and roads will beflooded.When the dam breakes,the resulting …     

RESEARCHES ON SOIL ENVIRONMENTAL BACKGROUND VALUES IN TIBET

ＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＥＳＯＮＳＯＩＬＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＬＢＡＣＫＧＲＯＵＮＤＶＡＬＵＥＳＩＮＴＩＢＥＴ￥ＺｈａｎｇＸｉａｏｐｉｎｇ（张晓平）ＫｅＹａｎｇｃｈｕａｎ（科扬川）（ＣｈａｎｇｃｈｕｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ｔｈｅＣｈｉｎ...     

Outburst mechanism of Yindapu Glacial Lake in Tibet

At present, the mechanism research on glacial lake outburst mainly focuses on the ice quake and ice landslide, etc. To some glacial lakes, the seepage deformation is the dominant factor in outburst process. Taking the Yindapu Glacial Lake in Tibet as an example, using SEEP/W module of FEM software (GEO-STUDIO), the authors analyzed seepage stability of terminal moraine ridge dam. The leading role of seepage deformation in some glacial lake outburst mechanism is proposed and proved.