储层层内非均质性定量化表征——以子长油田中庄区为例

储层层内非均质性是进行储层描述和油藏评价的重要内容,针对当前储层非均质性定量化描述的种种问题,依据鄂尔多斯盆地子长油田中庄区Z225井密闭取心资料,根据洛伦兹曲线法原则,将实测渗透率进行降序排列,计算出渗透率贡献百分数以及与其对应的序数百分数,获得渗透率累积分布特征。通过倒数变换,将不同形态的累积曲线转换为直线,其斜率介于0～1之间,实现了统一标准下的非均质性定量化表征。结果表明,研究区Z225井取心段3个单砂层非均值程度系数均小于0.5,因此其均具有较强的层内非均质性。     

利用成像测井评价储层孔隙空间的二维非均质性

针对当前储层非均质性评价中表征方法单一、评价仅限于一维的研究现状,提出利用FMI成像测井评价储层井周二维孔隙空间非均质性的方法。通过比较目标储层的孔隙度频数分布曲线,从宏观上判断储层井周二维非均质性。选取合适的孔隙度二值化阈值,明确原、次生孔隙的所在位置。利用成像孔隙度谱将储层进行分类,判断目标储层的储集特性。利用储层非均质程度系数T定量评价储层井周二维非均质性。相比于利用常规测井识别裂缝、孔洞,通过FMI成像测井判断储层非均质性具有评价形式多样化、连续性、方位性、直观性和分辨率较高的优势,从而提高对储层非均质性的认知程度。     

利用测井曲线的洛伦兹系数评价地层的非均质性

简要介绍了测井资料洛仑兹系数的原理和计算方法,将洛仑兹系数和含砂比引入到测井数据处理当中。将常规测井曲线的洛仑兹系数与含砂比结合能够对钻井剖面的非均质性进行有效评价,为地层非均质性的定量评价提供了一种新思路。首先根据地层资料信息选择了对地层非均质性较为敏感的自然伽马曲线作为地层非无质性评价曲线;然后计算出地层的含砂比和洛伦兹系数;最后针对自然伽马测井曲线的洛伦兹系数结合含砂比给出了钻井剖面地层的层内非均质性,进一步挖掘地层的砂体结构信息。根据多井评价结果做出了鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田召60区块地层和含砂比的平面分布图,可以看出盒8^上与盒8^下段地层中部较为均质,储层分选性较好。     

北堡油田中区东营组储层非均质性研究

储层非均质性包括微观和宏观非均质性。通过对岩心薄片、铸体薄片、电镜、Ｘ－衍射等试验数据以及测井储层评价数据分析,揭示冀东北堡油田中区东营组储层非均质特征为：储层岩石成分复杂,不稳定组分含量高,分选差,含泥沙质结构;压实作用、溶蚀作用及粘土矿物转化现象普遍,成岩变化大;中小孔细喉结构,连通性差,微观非均质性强。宏观非均质性较强,层内纵向上渗透率差异明显,渗透率非均质参数值较大;层间非均质程度与层内的相近;平面非均质性强,砂体连通性差,有效砂层系数较小,非均质参数在平面上变化大。采用压裂措施,降低储层非均质性,改善储层连通性,可提高开发效果。     

复合韵律油藏纵向非均质影响数值模拟研究

非均质性是储层成岩、沉积等地质过程综合作用的结果。它是影响油气田产量、最终采收率的重要因素。研究以渗透率变异系数、突进系数及级差等三个渗透率参数为基础,在建立的油藏机理模型中定量地表征储层纵向非均质性强度,并运用数值模拟方法分析了纵向非均质性强弱对复合韵律底水油藏剩余油饱和度、含水上升规律及采出程度的影响,从而总结出纵向非均质性对复合韵律底水油藏驱油效率的影响规律。     

油层渗透率非均质性判别系数及其应用

油层渗透率非均质性的定量表述参数渗透率级差（ＪＫ）,渗透率是系数（ＶＫ）,渗透率突进系数（ＴＫ）三者只是各自反映了一个特定的方面。很难从整体上反映油层渗透率非均质性,文中利用判别分析的邮一个新的参数：油层渗透率非均质性判别系数（Ｒ）,作为上述３个参数的一个综合参数来描述油层渗透非均质性。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东坑大阳湾地区延9储层非均质性研究

通过岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜资料分析,结合测井数据统计以及压汞试验等方法,综合考虑孔隙度、砂岩密度、渗透率突进系数、渗透率变异系数、渗透率级差等多种储层非均质性影响因素,对东坑大阳湾地区延9储层的层内、层间、平面以及微观非均质性进行研究。研究结果：认为该地区延9储层为较强-强非均质性程度。     

昆北油田切16井区储层非均质性

利用岩心分析资料和测井解释成果,对切16井区E1+2油藏各主要含油小层储层非均质性参数(渗透率变异系数、突进系数、级差和非均质系数)进行了计算,结合昆北地区实际情况,建立了渗透率非均质性参数的评价标准,在此基础上对切16井区各小层层内和层间非均质性进行了评价;同时提出了一种新的研究储层平面非均质性的方法——参数差值平面分布法,对切16井区储层平面非均质性进行了研究;最后,从沉积相和成岩作用方面分析了储层非均质性的主控因素。研究表明,昆北油田切16井区储层非均质性整体上较强,其中,层内非均质性中等,层间和平面非均质性较强,沉积微相和胶结作用是制约本区储层非均质性的主要因素。本次研究可以为昆北油田下一步开发方案的编制提供科学合理的依据。     

熵权法储层非均质定量评价方法研究——以鄂尔多斯盆地下寺湾长8储层为例

在相控约束条件下,利用熵权方法,考虑了砂层厚度、有效厚度、砂岩系数、有效厚度系数、分层系数、夹层频数、夹层分布密度、孔隙度、渗透率、渗透率变异系数、突进系数、级差、含油饱和度共13种反映储层非均质性的参数,定量计算储层非均质综合指数。该方法包括确定对象集合、指标因素集合、指标矩阵、归一化指标值、指标权重和计算综合指数等。熵权非均质综合指数算法可将数值有差异的属性参数对非均质指数的贡献进行弱化和强化,即去同存异;熵权非均质综合指数的大小能定量表征储层的非均质性。利用该方法在下寺湾油田柳洛峪区长8储层进行了应用,定量地刻画了储层的平面非均质性,取得了满意的效果。     

非均质储层夹层控油作用初论——非均质储层油气分布规律及测井响应特征

根据毛细管压力理论, 分析了具有复杂孔隙结构的非均质储层油气聚集和分布规律.提出了非均质储层夹层对油气聚集和分布有重要控制作用的观点.分析表明, 物性较差的非均质储层一般具有较长的油-水或气-水过渡段, 形成油气藏的必要条件是要具备较大的圈闭高度.圈闭高度有限的非均质储层中夹层对油气流体有遮挡作用, 储层纵向上容易形成大段的不饱和含油(气) 水层或油水同层、气水同层.根据相对渗透率数据, 这类储层的有效产液能力受两相渗流的影响和本身渗透能力差的限制, 往往表现为低产甚至偏干的事实.导致气测录井、测井和试油测试之间存在矛盾.对非均质储层测井响应规律和特点进行了分析, 复杂孔隙结构非均质储层中含油性与储层物性的相关关系变得模糊.储层纵向上含油性及物性的复杂变化导致其油气层和水层的测井特征不易区分, 测井油气识别与评价面临很多困难和挑战.结合我国西部M盆地一个非均质油气藏的典型实例, 实际分析了非均质储层油气聚集和分布规律及测井响应特征.      

矿用电磁随钻伽马测井仪标定与试验

为有效识别煤层及其顶底板,针对煤矿定向钻孔施工需求,开发了矿用电磁随钻伽马测井仪。通过自然伽马测井刻度获得仪器刻度系数,采用标准井测试及煤矿井下穿层孔试验,获得矿用电磁随钻伽马测井仪多种测量曲线。通过与标准井伽马曲线对比及穿层孔地质资料分析,验证了矿用电磁随钻伽马测井仪测量结果的准确性。山西伯方煤矿井下应用试验表明,矿用电磁随钻伽马测井仪在定向钻孔施工中不仅能进行钻孔轨迹测量同时可有效识别煤层顶底板界面,对于指导煤矿井下定向钻孔施工、提高目的层钻遇率具有重要意义。      

用地球物理测井资料预测煤层气含量——基于斜率关联度—随机森林方法的工作案例

煤层气含量是煤层勘探开发研究的重点参数之一,由于煤层气含量受多因素影响,能有效预测其含量至关重要.本文将斜率关联度法与随机森林算法相结合,以地球物理测井资料为基础进行煤层气含量预测.首先利用改进的斜率关联度法,计算得到对煤层气含量敏感的测井曲线,再利用交叉验证法探究合适的随机森林决策树个数,并结合选出的超参数利用随机森...     

滇西芒市盆地芒棒组软岩的水文、工程地质特征及其对工程的影响——以芒究煤矿为例

滇西芒市盆地是在喜马拉雅构造运动第Ⅱ幕基础上形成的陆相沉积盆地,该盆地中的上新世芒棒组为河湖相沉积体系。根据矿区钻孔资料,芒棒组在工程地质岩组划分上属半固结软岩,可分为砂岩-砂砾岩软弱岩组、粉砂岩软弱岩组和炭质泥岩-煤层软弱岩组3类,各岩组强度依次为P砂-砾     

滇西芒市盆地芒棒组软岩的水文、工程地质 特征及其对工程的影响 ——以芒究煤矿为例

滇西芒市盆地是在喜马拉雅构造运动第Ⅱ幕基础上形成的陆相沉积盆地,该盆地中的上新世芒棒组为河湖相沉积体系。根据矿区钻孔资料,芒棒组在工程地质岩组划分上属半固结软岩,可分为砂岩-砂砾岩软弱岩组、粉砂岩软弱岩组和炭质泥岩-煤层软弱岩组3类,各岩组强度依次为P砂-砾＜P粉砂＜P泥-炭。煤层为低—中灰分（15%~25%）、低硫—中硫（0.5%~2.5%）的半暗淡—半亮褐煤,有一定的自燃性。测井数据和曲线显示,煤层视电阻率中等,放射性异常曲线明显与其它围岩不同;抽水试验结果表明,渗透系数k在0.1~0.01m/d 之间 ,降落漏斗影响半径77~119m,煤矿虽然距离芒市河很近,但却无明显的水力联系,证实芒棒组整体透水性较差。矿山勘探、开采持续时间近50年,已形成了一些采空区和废弃采空区,由于距铁路优选线较远（1.5~2km）,不会对大理-瑞丽铁路建设产生明显的影响。     

Statistical analysis of the microlithotype sequences in the Bulli Seam, Australia, and relevance to permeability for coal gas

Sequential microlithotype analyses through the Permian Bulli Coal, Sydney Basin, Australia, enable determination of the abundance, locations and thicknesses of various microlithotypes in the seam. Statistical analyses allow prediction of these parameters. Microlithotype analyses may be used as a means of predicting seam permeability in relation to coal gas drainage, if used in conjunction with reported correlation between coal type and seam reservoir properties.A combination of sequential microlithotype analyses and statistical modelling provide data on the number, location and thicknesses of individual bands of vitrite, vitrinertite, inertite and mineral-rich coal. A Markov chain describes both the order and thickness of the bands in the seam. Local ordering of microlithotypes is similar, irrespective of vertical orientation, which suggests that analyses and predictions may be possible using representative, randomly oriented samples. Statistical modelling can be used to characterise the seam using a small number of parameters. These include the elements of the transition probability matrix of the Markov chain, from which many seam properties such as maximum band thickness, thickness distribution of bands and spacing of thick bands can be predicted.The permeability of vitrite-rich coal in the seam is 30 mD and it is 2.3 mD for inertite-rich coal. In general, for the Bulli seam, vitrite-rich plies are expected to provide better flow paths for coal gas than inertite-rich plies, because of the abundance of cleat systems in vitrite. Using this information, it thus may be possible to predict gas and water flow paths in a seam from microlithotype analyses, thereby leading to the development of a rapid method for assessing the comparative permeabilities of coal plies.     

Evaluation of the reservoir permeability of anthracite coals by geophysical logging data

Permeability is one of the most significant reservoir parameters. It is commonly obtained by experiment, history simulation, injection/falloff well test and geophysical logging. Among these, geophysical logging remains as the most economic and efficient technique in evaluating coal permeability in the vicinity of an open-hole. In this paper, geophysical logging data are used to evaluate the coal reservoir permeability for the No. 3 coal seam in the southern Qinshui Basin (Fanzhuang and Zhengzhuang coal zones). Ideally coal reservoirs consist of coal matrix and fracture networks that can be represented by a model called a collection of sheets. Based on the model, coal reservoir permeability can be quantitatively calculated using the theoretical formula of k_f = 8.50 × 10^− 4 w²φ_f, in which fracture width (w) and fracture porosity (φ_f) were obtained by dual laterolog and density logging data, respectively. Calculative results show that coal reservoir permeability ranged from 0.017 mD to 0.617 mD for the Fanzhuang coal zone and from 0.047 mD to 1.337 mD for the Zhengzhuang coal zone. The permeability decreases with coal burial depth, reflecting variations in penetration capability of coal reservoirs at varying depths. Comparing results with those from injection/falloff well tests, however, shows that the model-calculated permeability is slightly higher. This is expected because the model did not include the influence from coal anisotropy.     

基于瞬变电磁法探究中高阶煤层瓦斯含量与视电阻率关系的试验

为掌握煤层瓦斯分布规律,揭示煤层瓦斯含量与视电阻率的关系,结合实验室关于煤样电阻率的研究,使用瞬变电磁法研究煤层视电阻率与瓦斯含量的相关性,在豫西新安煤矿进行18次探测试验,获取有效数据21组。研究表明:煤层视电阻率与瓦斯含量呈较好的负相关,瓦斯含量每升高1 m3/t,视电阻率对数值降低6.6%~20%,判定系数为0.621 9~0.753 1,说明煤层视电阻率对瓦斯含量具有明显的响应特征,利用瞬变电磁可以在相似地质条件下探测煤层瓦斯含量高低及其分布规律。      

Stress distribution characteristic analysis and control of coal and gas outburst disaster in a pressure-relief boundary area in protective layer mining

Coal and gas outburst disasters in coal seams are becoming more serious as coal mines extend deeper underground in China. Furthermore, the protective coal seam mining technology featured by economic efficiency has been proven to be the most effective and widely applied method for the prevention of coal and gas outburst disasters. However, the determinations of the protective area coal and gas outburst prevention in a pressure-relief boundary area are fundamental issues that research should be focused on. The technical method for determining stress distribution in pressure-relief boundary area during protective coal seam mining is put forward in this paper. The method is based on a stress-seepage coupled relationship within a gas-containing coal seam. The method includes complex lab experiments and on-site measurements at the Qingdong Coal Mine. The final data illustrate that the permeability and vertical stress in the pressure-relief boundary area of the coal sample form a negative exponential function relationship. Additionally, the permeability of the coal sample within the abovementioned area is significantly different compared with that located at the center of the pressure-relief area. In the pressure-relief boundary area, the gas pressure distribution gradient is 0.0375 MPa/m, while the vertical stress distribution gradient registers 0.56 MPa/m. Under this condition, coal and gas outburst disasters are prone to be triggered. Therefore, effective precautions against coal and gas outburst disasters can be put forward in accordance with stress distribution characteristics within the abovementioned “boundary area.”     

煤体复电性频散响应实验研究

为研究煤体复电性频散响应特征，实测不同测量面积，不同方向煤体的复电阻实部R和虚部X，分析其频散特征，并用不同经典模型进行数据反演对比。结果表明:任意方向煤体的复电参数（R、X的绝对值）与测量面积成反比，频散曲线的特征频率点不发生偏移，X频散度随测量面积增大而减小；相同测量面积，不同方向煤体的复电性频散响应不同，复电频散曲线发生偏移，平行层理方向煤体X的频散度大于垂直层理方向；Debye模型与Cole-Cole模型对煤体复电性频散曲线均可高精度拟合，但前者模型参数精简，物理意义明确，与煤体复电频散曲线开合情况吻合度较高。本研究可为复电性评价法监测煤层裂隙发育及评价煤层渗透率提供实验基础。