2018年9月大气环流和天气分析

2018年9月大气环流的主要特征是：极涡呈偶极型,中高纬地区西风带为多波型分布,西太平洋副高强度较常年偏弱、位置偏西。全国平均降水量74.2 mm,较常年同期(65.3 mm)偏多14%;全国平均气温为16.7℃,较常年同期(16.6℃)偏高0.1℃。9月我国大范围的降水有3次,华南和西北地区东部等地出现强降水,局地灾情严重。9月在西北太平洋和南海共有4个台风生成,其中1822号台风山竹和1823号台风百里嘉在我国广东省登陆。月内黑龙江遭受低温冷冻灾害;华西秋雨开始偏晚,云南、四川南部、重庆和贵州南部秋雨强度总体偏强。     

2019年9月大气环流和天气分析

2019年9月环流特征如下:北半球极涡呈单极型分布,强度偏弱;亚洲大陆中高纬为两槽一脊型;西北太平洋副热带高压明显偏西、偏强。9月全国平均降水量62.4 mm,较常年同期(65.3 mm)偏少4%;全国平均气温为17.7℃,较常年同期(16.6℃)偏高1.1℃。月内共出现了4次主要的区域性强降水过程,其中2次降水活动与台风有关。共有6个台风在西北太平洋和南海海域活动,无台风登陆我国。月内,华西秋雨南区开始偏早,影响显著;长江中下游气象干旱持续发展;江南、华南北部和华北部分地区出现高温天气;黑龙江、内蒙占等多地遭受风雹灾害;黑龙江和内蒙古部分地区遭低温冷冻灾害。     

2016年8月大气环流和天气分析

2016年8月环流特征如下：北半球极涡呈单极型分布,强度偏强;亚洲大陆中、高纬为两槽一脊型;西北太平洋副热带高压位置明显偏东偏北、强度偏弱,大陆高压偏强。8月全国平均降水93.9 mm,较常年同期（105.7 mm）偏少11.2%;全国平均气温22℃,较常年同期（20.8℃）偏高1.2℃,为1961年以来历史同期最高,全国大部地区气温偏高。月内共出现了6次主要的区域性强降水过程,其中4次是由热带气旋或热带辐合带活动引起。8月共有8个热带气旋（风力8级以上）在西北太平洋和南海海域活动,其中1604号台风妮妲和1608号台风电母登陆华南沿海。月内,我国中东部地区出现大范围持续高温天气,东北地区西部和内蒙古东部气象干旱持续。     

2010年9月大气环流和天气分析

2010年9月大气环流主要特征如下:北半球极区呈单极涡型,中高纬地区环流呈4波型分布,冰岛东部上空500hPa高度场有120 gpm正距平;西北太平洋副热带高压强度偏强,西脊点位于24°N、100°E附近,比常年偏西偏北。2010年9月全国平均气温17.1℃,比常年偏高1.1℃;全国降水量为85.1 mm,比常年同期偏多19.7 mm。月内出现了3次较明显的冷空气过程和7次降水过程,有4个台风生成,分别名为"玛瑙"、"莫兰蒂"、"凡亚比"和"马勒卡",其中"莫兰蒂"和"凡亚比"登陆我国,造成重大灾害。     

2017年8月大气环流和天气分析

2017年8月北半球500 hPa极涡呈单极型分布,强度强于常年同期;亚欧洲大陆中高纬为多波动;西北太平洋副热带高压位置偏西,强度接近常年略偏强。8月全国平均降水量126.6 mm,较常年同期（105.3 mm）偏多20%;全国平均气温为21.4℃,较常年同期（20.8℃）偏高0.6℃。月内共出现了8次主要的区域性强降水过程,多站日降水量超历史同期极值。8月共有5个台风在西北太平洋和南海海域活动,其中1713号台风天鸽、1714号台风帕卡4天内先后登陆珠三角。月内,我国南方地区出现大范围持续高温天气,江淮、江汉等地出现阶段性伏旱。     

2023年9月大气环流和天气分析

2023年9月北半球大气环流的主要特征为极涡呈单极型偏向东半球,强度与常年相当,贝加尔湖以西的欧亚中高纬度环流经向度较大,西太平洋副热带高压较常年明显偏西偏强;我国北方大部地区受平直西风环流影响,而南方大部则受西太平洋副热带高压控制。9月,全国平均气温为18.2℃,较常年同期(16.9℃)偏高1.3℃,江南、华南等地出现高温天气;全国平均降水量为69.1 mm,较常年同期(65.3 mm)偏多5.8%。西北太平洋和南海有2个台风生成,较常年同期偏少;另有台风苏拉和海葵登陆我国,接连影响华南导致极端强降水,登陆个数接近常年同期。全国共出现6次大范围较强降水过程及2次强对流天气过程,江苏宿迁、盐城遭受多个强龙卷风袭击。     

2018年8月大气环流和天气分析

2018年8月大气环流的主要特征是极涡呈单极型分布且强度偏强,亚欧洲大陆中高纬为多波型,西北太平洋副热带高压西脊点偏西,强度接近常年略偏强。8月全国平均气温21.9℃,较常年同期偏高1.1℃,为1961年以来历史同期第四高;全国平均降水量127.7 mm,比常年同期（105.3 mm）偏多21.3%,与历史同期相比呈现中部偏少的分布特征。月内我国有11次区域性暴雨天气过程,多站出现极端日降水量。8月共有10个热带气旋在西北太平洋和南海活动,其中1812号台风云雀、1814号台风摩羯、1816号台风贝碧嘉、1818号台风温比亚登陆,生成和登陆个数较常年偏多。我国中东部出现持续性高温天气,同时强对流天气频发,影响范围较广。     

2017年9月大气环流和天气分析

2017年9月大气环流的主要特征是极涡强度接近常年,欧亚大陆中高纬环流呈多波型,西太平洋副热带高压明显偏西偏南,强度接近常年。9月全国平均降水量62.0 mm,较常年同期（65.3 mm）偏少5%;全国平均气温为17.8℃,较常年同期偏高1.2℃,为1961年以来第一高。月内主要出现了10次区域性强降水过程。9月在西北太平洋和南海共有4个台风生成,其中1716号台风“玛娃”在我国广东省登陆。月内四川、云南部分地区秋雨明显,全国13个省（市、区）遭受风雹灾害,内蒙古中东部旱情持续缓和。     

2019年8月大气环流和天气分析

2019年8月,北半球极涡呈单极型分布,强度偏强;亚洲大陆中高纬为两槽一脊型;西北太平洋副热带高压明显偏北,大陆高压偏强。8月全国平均降水量为110.5 mm,较常年同期(105.3 mm)偏多5.0%;全国平均气温为21.6℃,较常年同期(20.8℃)偏高0.8℃。月内共出现了5次主要的区域性强降水过程,其中3次降水活动与台风有关。8月共有6个热带气旋(风力8级以上)在西北太平洋和南海海域活动,其中"韦帕"、"利奇马"、"白鹿"共3个台风登陆我国。月内,东北及四川等地遭受暴雨洪涝灾害;长江中下游气象干旱发展;南方出现大范围持续高温天气;多省(区、市)遭受风雹袭击,部分地区受灾较重。     

2015年9月大气环流和天气分析

2015年9月环流特征如下：北半球高纬地区极涡为单极型,中高纬地区为3波型分布,西北太平洋副热带高压偏西且断裂,9月全国平均降水量为72.4 mm,比常年同期（65.3 mm）偏多14.0%;全国9月平均气温为16.9℃,较常年同期(16.6℃)偏高0.3℃。 月内共有6次强降水过程,24站出现了极端日降水量。西北太平洋和南海有4个台风生成,1517号台风基洛从中太平洋移入,1521号台风杜鹃两次登陆我国并带来大范围降水。西北东部及内蒙古中部等地气象干旱缓解,黄淮大部及辽宁等地气象干旱持续发展。全国多地遭受雷雨大风、冰雹等强对流天气袭击。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.