利用网络游记分析不同类型游客的旅游流网络特征差异——以云南省为例

旅游流网络分析对理解游客的目的地选择以及目的地在旅游流网络中承担的角色有重要意义。以中国云南省为例,基于网络游记数据挖掘游客的多维度偏好,并以此对游客聚类,进而划分出不同类型的游客群体。针对各类游客游记中的旅游目的地序列建立旅游流网络,并从多个角度分析各类游客旅游流网络的结构特征和各目的地节点的角色特征。结果表明,不同类别游客的旅游流网络在整体结构上各有特点,反映出旅游目的地不同的空间交互模式和网络中心化程度。此外,部分旅游目的地在不同类别旅游流网络中承担截然相反的角色。上述分析有助于优化旅游流网络中各节点的协作机制,辅助旅游目的地制定差异化的旅游产品。     

Social networks and trade of services: modelling interregional flows with spatial and network autocorrelation effects

Recent literature on border effect has fostered research on informal barriers to trade and the role played by network dependencies. In relation to social networks, it has been shown that intensity of trade in goods is positively correlated with migration flows between pairs of countries/regions. In this article, we investigate whether such a relation also holds for interregional trade of services. We also consider whether interregional trade flows in services linked with tourism exhibit spatial and/or social network dependence. Conventional empirical gravity models assume the magnitude of bilateral flows between regions is independent of flows to/from regions located nearby in space, or flows to/from regions related through social/cultural/ethic network connections. With this aim, we provide estimates from a set of gravity models showing evidence of statistically significant spatial and network (demographic) dependence in the bilateral flows of the trade of services considered. The analysis has been applied to the Spanish intra- and interregional monetary flows of services from the accommodation, restaurants and travel agencies for the period 2000–2009, using alternative datasets for the migration stocks and definitions of network effects.     

A spatial interaction model with spatially structured origin and destination effects

We introduce a Bayesian hierarchical regression model that extends the traditional least-squares regression model used to estimate gravity or spatial interaction relations involving origin-destination flows. Spatial interaction models attempt to explain variation in flows from n origin regions to n destination regions resulting in a sample of N = n ² observations that reflect an n by n flow matrix converted to a vector. Explanatory variables typically include origin and destination characteristics as well as distance between each region and all other regions. Our extension introduces latent spatial effects parameters structured to follow a spatial autoregressive process. Individual effects parameters are included in the model to reflect latent or unobservable influences at work that are unique to each region treated as an origin and destination. That is, we estimate 2n individual effects parameters using the sample of N = n ² observations. We illustrate the method using a sample of commodity flows between 18 Spanish regions during the 2002 period.     

基于多源数据的梅州市旅游资源综合评价分析

旅游大数据对旅游者的行为模式的影响日趋明显,在分析研究区旅游资源现状基础上,利用传统数据和网络数据,选取4个一级因子和8个分级指标,构建梅州市旅游资源综合评价体系,对梅州市旅游资源进行综合评价分析。结果表明梅州市旅游资源北密南疏,具有从城市中心向各县市递减的趋势,其中218个旅游点综合评价得分在0~0.7之间,集中分布在0.1~0.2间,自然类的旅游资源高分的景点所占比重最多。基于评价得分核密度分析的旅游资源也具有空间差异性,自然类景观的综合评价得分呈多格局分布特性,人文类和休闲类的旅游资源综合评价得分的空间格局为单一中心格局。梅州市旅游资源及其评价得分具有空间分异特征,建议各类景点发挥协同组团的优势,优化旅游资源发展空间格局,将梅州市建造成世界客家文化旅游休闲目的地,并对同类型城市旅游资源发展规划提供借鉴。     

基于ArcGIS Engine的景区地理信息系统研究与实现

随着旅游经济持续火热,开发景区查询系统的必要性日益突显;当游客游览时应用该系统可以很方便地查询景区相关信息,景区管理者的工作效率也会提高。地理信息系统(GIS)具有强大的空间信息管理、空间信息分析、空间信息查询及三维影像显示等功能,成为旅游信息化的首选平台。本文根据GIS的思想,以C#和Arc GIS Engine为工具,结合景区信息的特征,对开发的景区查询系统进行了深入探讨。     

Topology-based proximities in spatial systems

This paper introduces several topology-based measures that characterise proximity relationships between regions in a spatial system. These measures are derived from a relative adjacency operator that is computed from the dual graph of a spatial system. The operator is flexible as the respective importance of neighbouring and outlying regions can be parameterised. Given a reference region in a spatial system, we also show how the relative adjacency supports the analysis of the relative distribution of other regions, and how these regions are clustered with respect to that reference region. Extensions of the relative adjacency integrate additional spatial and thematic criteria. The properties of the relative adjacency are illustrated by means of reference examples and a case study.The authors thank the referees for their constructive comments and suggestions that significantly improved the quality of the paper.     

基于GIS的延庆县村镇民俗旅游资源评价、分析与规划研究

本文运用层次分析法对延庆县村镇民俗旅游资源进行综合评价,定量确定主要景点的可开发潜力值。然后借助GIS技术,对旅游资源的结构和空间分布特征进行分析。最后根据分析结果和综合评价分值,以开发潜力值作为分级指标,将延庆县村镇民俗旅游资源规划为5个开发潜力区,并结合各个区的自身优势提出其发展的思路和方向。     

泰山玉皇顶三维可视化系统的设计与实现

根据泰山玉皇顶景点的特征,结合现有的地形图、遥感影像和实地调查资料数据,运用三维建模软件和多源数据融合等技术,研发了基于VRM ap的三维可视化系统,为玉皇顶景点的宣传、保护和管理提供了三维的、具有沉浸感的交互平台,从而更好地为旅游管理人员和广大游客服务。     

基于GIS的烟威地区旅游资源空间分析

本文应用GIS技术,对烟威地区旅游资源的结构和空间分布进行分析。以烟台、威海、蓬莱三个主要旅游城市为中心,以30km为最大缓冲半径,以5km为间隔距离做缓冲分析,揭示以三市为驻足地进行旅游的旅游景点空间分布信息及距可达景点的空间距离。基于区域内三条主要交通线路,以8km为最大缓冲半径,以2km为间隔距离做缓冲分析,为自驾车旅游者提供可达景点的空间信息。最后总结了该地区旅游资源空间分布的特征,提出了该地区旅游资源的开发理念及旅游发展的整体思路和方向。     

Tourism land use simulation for regional tourism planning using POIs and cellular automata

Previous studies on tourism land use primarily focus on the spatial distribution, and its related impacts on the environment. Here, we propose a future tourism land use simulation model for mountain vacations based on the cellular automata and Markov chain methods, having verified and simulated tourism land use in Emeishan city at a spatial resolution of 30 × 30 m using remote sensing and GIS. In addition, we introduced a tourism land use intensity index to study the spatial expansion mode of tourism land use. The results have confirmed the validity of the model and demonstrated its ability to simulate future tourism land use. The average growth rate of tourism land use from 2010 to 2015 is 33.36%, and tourism land use will rise from 1.26% of Emeishan city’s land area in 2015 to 2.95% in 2030. Tourism land use shows a spatial expansion pattern along channels from scenic spots to the urban area. The growth of tourism land use in the protected area has an increasing trend when there is no restriction on development, especially in the Eshan region. The simulation results can provide useful implications and guides for regional tourism planning and management.     

基于GIS的旅游住宿餐饮信息系统的研究与实现

在我国,被世界上誉为朝阳产业的旅游业在国家政策的支持下,正在健康飞速地发展。本文是以唐山市区的主要旅游景点为例,采用C#语言与Arc Engine组件式开发,研究并实现了基于GIS的旅游住宿餐饮信息系统,通过本系统的研究与实现不仅可以满足游客的不同需求,为游客的出行游玩带来便捷,还能促进唐山旅游业的发展,带动区域经济。     

Effects of scale in spatial interaction models

We study the effects of aggregation on four different cases of nonlinear spatial gravity models. We present some theoretical results on the relationship between the mean flows at an aggregated level and the mean flow at the disaggregated level. We then focus on the case of perfect aggregation (scale problem) showing some results based on the theoretical expressions previously derived and on some artificial data. The main aim is to test the effects on the aggregated flows of the spatial dependence observed in the origin and in the destination variables. We show that positive spatial dependence in the origin and destination variables moderate the increase of the mean flows connatural with aggregation while negative spatial dependence exacerbates it.     

全域旅游智慧化平台建设 ——以桂平市为例

针对传统旅游业服务模式无法跟进新的旅游发展态势的现状,依托移动增强现实、手绘地图智能导游、全景虚拟漫游、无人机航摄等技术.探索出一套集旅游信息发布、系统开发、运营管理和市场推广于一身的一体化、信息化、智能化的解决方案.以桂平市全域旅游建设为例.提出了全域旅游智慧化平台的构建模式,成果表现形式为桂平旅游门户网站、桂平旅游微信公众号、旅游wap商城、易游桂平APP、智能信息发布系统等,可以满足广大游客的旅游公共服务需求,对桂平市旅游的发展具有积极意义.     

Testing spatial autocorrelation in weighted networks: the modes permutation test

In a weighted spatial network, as specified by an exchange matrix, the variances of the spatial values are inversely proportional to the size of the regions. Spatial values are no more exchangeable under independence, thus weakening the rationale for ordinary permutation and bootstrap tests of spatial autocorrelation. We propose an alternative permutation test for spatial autocorrelation, based upon exchangeable spatial modes, constructed as linear orthogonal combinations of spatial values. The coefficients obtain as eigenvectors of the standardized exchange matrix appearing in spectral clustering and generalize to the weighted case the concept of spatial filtering for connectivity matrices. Also, two proposals aimed at transforming an accessibility matrix into an exchange matrix with a priori fixed margins are presented. Two examples (inter-regional migratory flows and binary adjacency networks) illustrate the formalism, rooted in the theory of spectral decomposition for reversible Markov chains.     

Spatial Planning on the Semantic Web

Land use regulations are an important but often underrated legal domain. In densely populated regions such as the Netherlands, spatial plans have a profound impact on both (local) governments and citizens. This article describes our work on a ‘Legal Atlas’. Using Semantic Web technology we combine distributed geospatial data, textual data and controlled vocabularies to support users in answering questions such as: “What activity is allowed here?” Spatial norms are represented using OWL 2 in a way that enables intuitive visualisation of their effects: map‐based legal case assessment. Users can represent a (simple) case by selecting or drawing an area on the map. Given a designation for that area, the system can assess whether this is allowed or not. The same solution also enables the comparison of two or more sets of spatial norms that govern the same region. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of a number of alternative solutions for representing and integrating metadata of spatial plans, and the representation of normative conflicts and exceptions between norms.     

Monitoring Residual Spatial Patterns using Bayesian Hierarchical Spatial Modelling for Exploring Unknown Risk Factors

This article studies Bayesian hierarchical spatial modelling that monitors the changes of residual spatial pattern (structure) of the outcome variable for exploring unknown risk factors in small‐area analysis. Spatially structured random effects (SRE) and unstructured random effects (URE) terms added to the conventional logistic regression model take into account overdispersion and residual spatial structure, which if unaccounted for could cause incorrect identification of risk factors. Mapping and/or calculating the ratio of random effects that are spatially‐structured monitor the extent of residual spatial structure. The monitoring provides insights into identification of unknown covariates that have similar spatial structures to those of SRE. Adding such covariates to the model has the potential to diminish the residual spatial structure, until possibly all or most of the spatial structure can be explained. Risk factors identified are the added covariates that have statistically significant regression coefficients. We apply the methods to the analysis of domestic burglaries in Cambridgeshire, England. Small‐area analysis of crime where data often display apparent spatial structure would particularly benefit from the methodologies. We discuss the methodologies, their relevancy in our analysis of domestic burglaries, their limitations, and possible paths for future research.     

An Improved Hierarchical Segmentation Method for Remote Sensing Images

This paper presents an inversed quad tree merging method for hierarchical high-resolution remote sensing image segmentation, in which bottom-up approaches of region based merge techniques are chained. The image segmentation process is mainly composed of three sections: grouping pixels to form image object/region primitives in imagery using inversed quad tree, initializing neighbor list and region feature variables and then hierarchical clustering neighboring regions. This segmentation algorithm has been tested on the QuickBird images and been evaluated and it exhibits good efficiency over initialization of neighbor list for quad tree node/region primitives. This paper also provides a brief proof of the good efficiency of a sorted merge list which can be viewed as an alternative for dither matrix to randomly distribute region merging pairs which is adopted in e-Cognition.     

Alonso's Theory of Movements: Developments in Spatial Interaction Modeling

 The Spatial Interaction Model proposed by Alonso as “Theory of Movements” offers an innovative specification of spatial origin-destination flow models. Equations for flows between regions, total outflow from and total inflow to a region are linked by balancing factors. This paper presents a consistent formulation of Spatial Interaction Models in the Wilson tradition and Alonso's Theory of Movements. The paper is intended as an introduction to the model and a review of␣the state of the art. Besides it is argued that simultaneous equation techniques are required to estimate the so-called systemic parameters. Received: 21 May 2000 / Accepted: 18 January 2001     

基于WebGIS的海南省旅游地理信息系统分析与设计

海南是我国的旅游大省,"建设国际旅游岛"已经成为海南省的发展战略。为了推进海南旅游信息化的建设,介绍了运用WebGIS对海南省旅游地理信息系统进行分析与设计的过程,并重点介绍了其关键技术、系统基本架构及系统功能。该系统根据将旅游体验、服务、统计和管理紧密结合的思路与方法,能够面向游客、旅游企业及旅游管理部门多用户提供旅游信息服务功能。     

洛阳多媒体旅游信息系统设计与实现

根据洛阳旅游资源的实际情况,从信息系统的管理开发和软件工程的角度出发,设计并实现了洛阳多媒体旅游信息系统,该系统界面友好,操作简单,结合了大量的多媒体资料。该系统将对洛阳市旅游业的信息化建设起到推动作用,为旅游者和旅游管理部门提供生动直观、高效优质的信息服务。