滑动屋盖摩擦控制系统的振动台实验研究

五层钢框架模型的振动台实验表明 ,滑动屋盖摩擦控制系统减震作用显著 ,减震幅度可达 5 0 %以上 ,地震动越强减震效果越好 ;控制系统具有一定的鲁棒性 ,刚度容许大约± 15 %的误差 ,而摩擦系数容许的误差范围更大 ,同时也容许地震强度在一定范围内变化。     

大跨维修机库结构采用耗能支撑的减震研究

大跨维修机库动力特性复杂,针对该类结构的减震研究则刚刚起步。本文结合大跨机库的地震响应特点,提出支撑柱顶与屋盖节点之间设置黏滞流体阻尼支撑的减震方案,对一大跨机库结构采用该减震方法进行了时程分析,对比减震前后结构基底剪力、柱顶侧移以及屋盖的杆件内力、位移。结果表明,该方法可以有效地吸收地震动输入能量,降低整体结构地震响应。由于机库结构特点决定了支撑柱间阻尼器的不均匀布置,导致减震效果在屋盖范围内的不均匀分布,分析结果表明屋盖杆件内力减震效果与杆件地震内力分布规律相吻合,表明该类减震方案对于大跨度维修机库屋盖地震响应具有非常好的针对性。     

粘滞阻尼器对空间结构的振动控制效应

采用三向地震波输入对西北高烈度地震带某体育馆进行非线性时程分析,研究粘滞阻尼器对大跨空间结构抗震加固的机理和效果。以节点水平向位移、构件内力作为屋盖振动控制目标,楼层位移及剪力作为下部结构振动控制目标。时程分析表明：不同地震波作用时上部屋盖减震控制效果均较好;但下部结构减震控制对地震波频谱特性较为敏感;设置粘滞阻尼器对不同地震烈度下整体结构的动力响应均能起到有效控制作用;屋盖结构上均匀布置阻尼器比集中布置减震效果好;空间结构振型复杂,减震分析须考虑上下部结构的耦合作用。研究成果可为大跨空间结构采用粘滞阻尼器减振控制提供参考。     

调谐质量摩擦系统参数优化的独立关联算法

利用屋盖作为被动调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）的质量块是解决TMD附加质量问题的一种较好的方案。再利用屋盖与其支承结构之间的干摩擦替代粘滞阻尼，可构成调谐质量摩擦系统，使控制系统更加经济简练。针对干摩擦的特点提出了独立优化刚度，再优化摩擦系数的算法。该算法适应有限元格式和实际工程设计。数值模拟证实了调谐质量摩擦系统的摩擦力对刚度最优值的影响较小，而刚度对摩擦最优值的影响较大、规律较差的事实，论证了在无摩擦得到的优化刚度可以直接用于摩擦力优化中，用此方法设计调谐质量摩擦系统几乎能够达到最优配置。     

新型主动变刚度阻尼器的滑动模态控制及仿真分析

设计出一种新型主动变刚度阻尼装置,该装置可向受控结构提供两种等效刚度,使受控结构能主动地避开地震动卓越频率而永远处于非共振的状态。基于变结构控制理论的滑动模态控制算法,推导了该新型阻尼器的两种开关控制律。仿真分析结果表明,这种新型主动变刚度阻尼器的减震效果是非常明显的,可取得明显优于被动控制的减震效果。两种控制律中,连续型滑动模态控制律可以更充分地发挥该新型阻尼器的性能,取得更好的控制效果。     

单层工业厂房-TMD减震控制系统研究

提出了采用质量调谐减震控制技术对厂房结构进行减震控制的方法。利用屋盖系统作为附加质量,屋盖支座采用夹层橡胶隔震垫,建立了厂房-TMD系统模型,并用非线性时程分析法对其进行了多种地震动激励下的计算分析,探讨了厂房-TMD减震体系减震效果的参数影响及减震机理。结果表明,采用质量调谐减震技术对单层工业厂房进行减震是一种有效的方法。     

大跨度空间网架结构屋盖隔震设计研究

针对大跨度空间网架屋盖隔震结构响应的问题,采用简化后的质点力学模型,对其进行理论研究,分析质量比、刚度比、阻尼比对屋盖隔震结构地震响应的影响,以基底剪力最小为原则确定隔震层的最优参数.建立相应的三维有限元模型,对其进行屋盖隔震设计,分别与非隔震和基础隔震结构的响应对比.结果 表明:屋盖隔震结构由于隔震层直接设置在屋盖支...     

大跨铁路钢桁连续梁桥减隔震方案比较研究

为研究适用于大跨铁路钢桁连续梁桥的减隔震方案及合理优化参数,以一座全长504 m的三跨铁路钢桁连续梁特大桥为工程背景,使用非线性结构分析软件SAP2000建立有限元模型,采用快速非线性分析方法分析对比摩擦摆、阻尼器、速度锁定器等减隔震方案在各种装置参数下的减震效率。研究表明:由于大跨铁路钢桁连续梁桥墩身自振导致的地震力较大,摩擦摆方案内力减震效率一般,同时墩底内力对滑动面半径变化并不敏感,在选取滑动半径时应更多地考虑行车平顺性和梁端位移值的限制。速度锁定器会极大地增加此类桥梁地震输入能量,不适用于此类桥型。阻尼器方案对活动墩内力减震效果明显,但不能有效降低固定墩内力。摩擦摆支座附加阻尼器组合减震方案能有效控制此类桥梁的内力和位移响应。研究结论可为大跨度钢桁连续梁桥减隔震设计提供参考。     

加装减震装置的特高压复合材料支柱绝缘子振动台试验研究

为研究复合材料电气设备抗震性能与减震技术应用效果,对特高压复合支柱材料绝缘子进行了抗震与减震地震模拟振动台试验,研究了设备动力特性和地震响应。白噪声试验结果表明:该复合材料支柱绝缘子在安装减震器后第1阶频率由1.11 Hz降低到1.04 Hz,表明减震器对设备结构的整体刚度影响较小。3种地震波试验结果表明:设备地震响应与地震动峰值加速度在抗震试验中呈线性变化关系,但在减震试验的应力响应中呈非线性变化关系;设备安装减震器后,试验地震动峰值加速度越大,减震效率越高,最高达到了66.32%;而位移减震率与地震动峰值加速度无明显规律,最大位移减震率为49.36%。试验研究结果表明:试验设备安装减震器后抗震性能得到显著提升,为复合材料电气设备抗震性能研究与减震技术应用提供了参考依据。     

大跨度钢、木混合结构屋盖设计并基于实例分析对抗震性能的研究

为有效提高建筑中屋盖的抗震性能、节约建筑施工成本,深入研究大跨度钢、木混合结构屋盖的抗震性能。基于一个工程实例对该问题进行研究。分析从基本周期与抗侧刚度比、地震作用估算、承载力设置、抗震变形验算、连接与基础设计五个测试参数展开,在此基础上确定预应力拉索的地震响应及张拉控制应力。设计的混合屋盖是使用4道X形布置的屋面预应力主索与外柱斜拉索结构,这样是确保屋盖结构在地震下能够有效工作,根据该结构结合一工程实例展开大跨度钢、木混合结构屋盖抗震性能测试。实验结果表明,大跨度钢、木混合结构屋盖相对单一结构屋盖而言,抗震性能更强;同时实例分析表明,在多向地震输入下大跨度钢、木混合结构屋盖的各个构件中,内柱是抗震性能较弱的部位。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.