宁芜地区两种主要类型铁矿床中铁的热液富集机制探讨

在宁芜地区中三叠统层状-层控和次火山热液两种类型铁矿床的成矿过程中,深色蚀变、碳酸盐化蚀变、隐爆作用、碳酸盐围岩、围岩中的铁矿胚层、裂隙构造等因素之所以能控制热液矿体的定位,一个重要的原因是这些因素能加速铁羰络合物的分解,从而促使铁质从热液中沉淀。     

岩浆-热液系统中铁的富集机制探讨

与岩浆-热液系统有关的铁矿类型有岩浆型钒钛磁铁矿床、玢岩铁矿、矽卡岩型铁矿和海相火山岩型铁矿,与这些铁矿有关的岩浆岩从基性-超基性、中性到中酸性岩均有,其中岩浆型钒钛磁铁矿床与基性-超基性深成侵入岩有关,形成于岩浆阶段,主要与分离结晶作用有关,但是厚大的富铁矿石的形成则可归结于原始的富铁钛苦橄质岩浆、分离结晶作用、多期次的岩浆补充以及流动分异等联合过程。钒钛磁铁矿石产于岩体下部还是上部与母岩浆的氧逸度有关:高的氧逸度导致磁铁矿早期结晶而使得其堆积于岩体的下部,相反,低氧逸度则导致低品位的浸染状矿石产于岩体的上部。虽然野外一些证据表明,元古宙斜长岩中的磷铁矿石可能是不混溶作用形成的,但是目前尚无实验证据。某些玢岩铁矿的一些磷灰石-磁铁矿石可能与闪长质岩浆同化混染了地壳中的磷导致的不混溶作用有关。除此之外,其他各类与岩浆作用有关的铁矿床均与岩浆后期的岩浆-热液作用有关。这些不同类型铁矿床的蚀变和矿化过程具有相似性,反映了它们形成过程具有相似的物理化学条件。成矿实验以及流体包裹体研究表明,岩浆-流体转换过程中出溶流体的数量以及成分受多种因素控制,其中岩浆分离结晶作用以及碳酸盐地层和膏盐层的混染可导致出溶的流体中Cl浓度的升高。早期高氧逸度环境可以使得硫以SO42-形式存在,抑制硫与铁的结合形成黄铁矿,有利于铁在早期以Cl的络合物发生迁移。大型富铁矿的形成需要一个长期稳定的流体对流循环系统,而岩浆的多期侵位或岩浆房以及在相对封闭的环境中(需要一个不透水层)一个有利于流体循环的断裂/裂隙系统是形成一个长期稳定的流体对流循环系统的必要条件。但是由于不同地质环境,流体中铁的卸载方式和位置会有明显差别,由此导致不同的矿石结构构造和不同的矿体产状。     

沉积变质-热液交代型稀土、铁矿床的成因特征

我们研究了一种特殊类型的稀土和铁的矿床,它是由于沉积变质作用以及后期来自岩浆的热液交代作用的迭加而形成的。     

新疆天湖铁矿床的特征,类型与成因探讨

天湖铁矿床是新疆东部已知大型铁矿床之一。矿床以层状、似层状产于晚元古代天湖群(1060Ma)角闪岩相变质火山-沉积岩系内,呈以白云质大理岩为容矿岩的条纹一条带状磁铁矿,属变质含铁碳酸盐建造。本文从成矿地质环境、变质作用、矿石矿物学等几个方面对其地质特征、矿床类型和成因进行了探讨,并与国内同类型矿床进行了比较。     

热液成矿作用的地质地球化学动力学：以胶东牟平…

通过对胶东牟平－乳山热液脉状金，铅锌矿床成矿动力学控制规律的研究，说明了建立热液成矿反应体系的方法，并得出以下认识；（１）区域断裂构造活动，通过响成矿反应体系的热力学性质和条件，控制元素的富集和分散（２）热液成矿过程中容矿断裂活动可划分为两种作用方式：脆性破裂和韧－脆性张开，构成热液成矿的两种构造动力学环境，（３）热液成矿反应体系是一种开放的动态的热力学体系，断裂的脆性破裂阶段，使体系处于强烈的过     

The Geology and Geochemistry of Porphyrite Iron Deposits in the Nanjing_Wuhu Area,Southeast China

For the iron deposits occurring in andesitic volcaic rocks of the Lower Yangtze Area.the genetic model for porphyrite iron deposits was proposed by chinese geologists more than ten years ago on the basis of their detailed studies in the Nanjing-Wuhu Basin.It comprises a set of deposits of different genetic types ranging from late magmatic segregation ,ore-magma injection,pneumato-hydatogenetic replacing and hydrothermal filling as well as sedimentary origin.The deposits are closely connected with the gabbro-diorite porphyrite subvolcanic intrusive bodies both in space and in genesis.Miner4alization and wall-rock alteration are consistent with the history of the magmatic evolution.Geochemical studies on trace elements and S,O,Sr isotopes have proved that the porphyrite iron deposits are of magmatic origin,The proposed model may be applied to iron ores associated with andesitic volcanites,for example,in Chile,Mexico,Pakistan,Turkey,etc.     

桐柏-大别地区中温热液金矿床成矿流体性质与沉淀机理

通过对桐柏－大别地区１０个中温热液金矿床（点）的流体包裹体研究，确定成矿流体属于低盐度（６ｗｔ％ＮａＣｌ），富ＣＯ２（１０ｍｏｌ％）的ＮａＣｌ－ＣＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ体系。这种以演化的大气降水为主的流体在４～１０ｋｍ深度范围内，由于压力由静岩压力状态的向静水压力状态的空而发生的复杂三阶段不混溶过程中沉淀，在该过程的中晚期出现金矿化。压力状态的突变是柏桐－大别造山带在中生代碰撞造山晚期，由挤压体制向伸展体制     

稀土元素在热液中的迁移与沉淀

近年来,高新技术产业的不断发展使得全球稀土资源需求不断上涨,此外稀土元素作为研究地球起源与演化等有关地球科学问题的重要工具也深受地球科学界的重视。而热水溶液体系中稀土元素迁移、富集、沉淀及分馏机制等相关理论知识的不断完善对于理解稀土成矿作用、稀土地球化学特征以及微量元素示踪等方面均具有重要意义。本文总结了近年来有关稀土元素在热液体系中迁移、沉淀以及轻、重稀土分馏的最新研究进展,对不同稀土络合物的稳定性、溶解度以及搬运稀土元素的能干性进行了阐述,最后展望了"稀土元素在热液中迁移与沉淀"研究中仍需完善及拓展的方向。     

Facies types of sedimentary iron ore deposits and their geochemical features: Communication 2. Problems of the geochemistry of phanerozoic iron ores

Mineralogical-geochemical features of different facies types of sedimentary iron ore deposits are described. Particular attention is paid to deposits associated with the weathering crusts of ultramafic igneous rocks and to marine oolitic iron ores. The multistage formation of their geochemical properties is proved available geochemical models are considered.     

Criteria for the detection of hydrothermal ecosystem faunas in ores of massive sulfide deposits in the Urals

The ore-formational, ore-facies, lithological, and mineralogical-geochemical criteria are defined for the detection of hydrothermal ecosystem fauna in ores of the volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits in the Urals. Abundant mineralized microfauna is found mainly in massive sulfide mounds formed in the jasperous basalt (Buribai, Priorsk, Yubileinoe, Sultanov), rhyolite–basalt (Yaman-Kasy, Blyava, Komosomol’sk, Sibai, Molodezhnoe, Valentorsk), and the less common serpentinite (Dergamysh) formations of the Urals (O–D2). In the ore-formational series of the massive sulfide deposits, probability of the detection of mineralized fauna correlates inversely with the relative abundance of felsic volcanic rocks underlying the ores. This series is also marked by a gradual disappearance of colloform pyrite, marcasite, isocubanite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite pseudomorphoses after pyrrhotite; increase of the amount of bornite, fahlores, and barite; decrease of contents of Se, Te, Co, and Sn in chalcopyrite and sphalerite; and decrease of Tl, As, Sb, and Pb in the colloform pyrite. Probability of the detection of mineralized fauna in the morphogenetic series of massive sulfide deposits decreases from the weakly degraded sulfide mounds to the clastic stratiform deposits. The degradation degree of sulfide mounds and fauna preservation correlates with the attenuation of volcanic intensity, which is reflected in the abundance of sedimentary and volcanosedimentary rocks and the depletion of effusive rocks in the geological sections.     

宁芜地区梅山铁矿床矿物的电子探针分析和稀土元素地球化学特征

梅山铁矿床位于长江中下游成矿带宁芜盆地北段,矿体赋存于辉长闪长玢岩和下白垩统大王山组辉石安山岩的接触带。研究表明,梅山铁矿的石榴石以钙铁榴石为主,为钙铁-钙铝榴石系列,与传统意义矽卡岩矿床的石榴石组成相似;磁铁矿和赤铁矿具有斑岩铜矿和Kiruna型矿床的双重特征;赤铁矿和菱铁矿显示热液交代成因特征,但赤铁矿至少有2个成矿世代。成矿母岩辉长闪长玢岩、磁铁矿及磷灰石具有相似的稀土配分模式,暗示三者具有同源性。辉长闪长玢岩无Eu异常,代表了高氧逸度下岩浆的分离结晶作用;磁铁矿和磷灰石均具有中度负Eu异常,可能是在辉长闪长玢岩发生钠长石化的过程中,Eu以Eu2+形式在钠长石内富集,造成流体Eu亏损,后来生成的磷灰石和磁铁矿继承了流体的Eu含量特征,辉长闪长玢岩的钠长石化导致富Fe2+硅酸盐矿物淋滤铁元素进入流体,为矿床提供了铁物质。     

Participation of hydrothermal fluids in the formation of deposits of the proterozoic Udokan-Chineysky ore system

Numerous Cu deposits of the Udokan-Chineysky ore district (Udokan deposit of cupriferous sandstones, deposits of the Chineysky pluton, etc.), which occur in sedimentary and igneous rocks, are similar in many genetic features. One of these features is the similar parameters of fluid inclusions (hydrothermal fluids) in quartz of the Udokan deposit, rich chalcopyrite ores from the Rudnyi (Rudnyie deposit, and veins of the Pravoingamakitsky deposit studied previously. Fluid inclusions have the same range of high salinity and homogenization temperatures. These studies combined with geological data allow us to consider the formation of contact sulfide ores from the Chineisky pluton and Pravoingamakitsky and Udokan deposits as a common compound fluid-magmatic ore-generating system. The sedimentary rocks primarily enriched in chalcopyrite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite of the entire section of the Udokan complex served as the host media for the hydrothermal fluids and deposits of various scales.     

热液矿床中不透明矿物的流体包裹体研究进展

脉石矿物中流体包裹体所提供的有关流体与成矿的物理化学条件不一定代表成矿时的实际流体和成矿条件,最好的办法是直接测定矿石矿物捕获的包裹体。红外显微镜的运用开拓了不透明矿物中流体包裹体研究的新领域。文章对红外显微镜工作的基本原理及设备做了简要的综述,重点介绍了不透明矿物中流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温以及成分分析研究,并举例说明了不透明矿物流体包裹体在W-Sn矿床以及其他矿床研究中的应用,最后指出了不透明矿物中流体包裹体研究尚且存在的问题、部分解决方法,并简单展望了其在中国的发展前景。