激光拉曼光谱在有机包裹体研究中的应用——以苏里格气田西部盒8段油气包裹体为例

以苏里格气田西部盒8段储层砂岩油气包裹体为例,应用激光拉曼探针微区原位分析技术,对其赋存于石英颗粒表面愈合裂隙、次生加大边的2期含烃有机包裹体的成分及其相对摩尔百分含量进行测定:早期包裹体主要为含气态烃和含盐水气态烃的气液两相有机包裹体,晚期包裹体为含气态烃气液两相有机包裹体;其气相成分以CO_2、CH_4和N_2等气体为主,溶解有CO、H_2S、H_2、C_2H_2、C_2H_4、C_2H_6、C_4H_6等气体;液相成分以H_2O和CO_2为主,此外还含有极少量的阴离子SO_4~(2-)和CO_3~(2-)离子(小于0.03 mol/L)。研究表明:早期有机包裹体含有大量CO_2无机气体、H_2O和少量低碳烷烃,说明早期有机质成熟度处于未成熟—低成熟阶段,虽有天然气生成,但运移规模有限,形成的有机包裹体极少,反映了天然气进入储层后置换地层水的过程;晚期有机包裹体与之相反,烃类和N2含量均较高,而CO_2无机气体和H_2O含量均较低,可见晚期有机包裹体代表了油气形成高峰和大规模进入储层成藏期间的流体特征,为有机质的热演化程度,油气生成、运移,划分油气成藏期次提供了科学依据。     

准噶尔盆地北三台地区侏罗系储层流体包裹体研究

北三台地区侏罗系储层经历了多次构造运动的改造.对研究区11口井101块流体包裹体样品的系统分析结果表明,该区侏罗系储层具有多期次的油气充注特征.流体包裹体的均一温度和油包裹体的荧光颜色(强度)等测试结果表明,研究区侏罗系储层经历过4期热流体活动,捕获了3期油包裹体和1期天然气包裹体,分别对应地质历史时期3次油充注和1次天然气充注过程.3期油包裹体的均一温度分别为40～65,65～80,80～120℃.油包裹体和盐水包裹体均一温度以及盐水包裹体盐度的统计结果表明,第2期和第3期热流体活动占主导地位.结合埋藏史分析可知,油充注发生于燕山期,天然气成藏发生在喜山早期.研究区现今油气与古油气无论在油气组分还是在成熟度方面都存在明显的差异,这种差异性与油气早期成藏后期遭受改造破坏有关.综合研究区烃源岩的生、排烃史,侏罗系储层埋藏史以及构造活动演化史的分析可知,燕山晚期是北三台地区侏罗系储层的主成藏期,燕山晚期充注的油气是现今油气的主要来源.     

江汉盆地海相地层油气勘探前景的包裹体证据

江汉盆地海相地层矿物流体包裹体,按成岩序列和共生组合关系可划分为５期和５种组合类型,其中２～５种组合类型（第３～６期）与油气的生成、运移和聚集关系密切。相应的均一温度和含盐度分别在１０５～１８０℃和８～２０ω（ＮａＣｌｅｑ）％之间,有机包裹体丰度６７．３％,平均总烃质量分数０．２９５×１０－６,平均ＣＨ４／ＣＯ２比值１．３２。包裹体诸参数,结合其他有机地球化学资料综合证实,区内烃源岩母质类型好,有机质丰度较高,油气演化处于高成熟阶段。石油和天然气大量生成、运移和聚集分别发生在印支－燕山早期和燕山晚期－喜马     

川东北地区上二叠统油气储层中流体包裹体特征及成藏期研究

川东北地区是中国重要的天然气勘探区之一.为了探讨该区上二叠统储层流体特征、天然气充注的时期,本文应用包裹体、同位素地球化学的原理和方法,对区内上二叠统长兴组和吴家坪组储层中流体包裹体产出特征、岩相学特征、包裹体成分和显微测温,以及裂缝充填方解石的Sm-Nd同位素年龄进行了研究.结果表明,上二叠统储层中存在三期油气包裹体,其组合依次为:少量液相烃包裹体→黄色、黄褐色液相烃包裹体+气液烃包裹体→气相烃包裹体+烃—水包裹体+沥青包裹体,测得与油气包裹体共生的气液水包裹体均—温度分别为71～111℃、117～148℃和149～217℃.根据气液水包裹体的均—温度,结合沉积盆地热演化史和储层埋藏史,确定上二叠统储层中三期油气充注时间分别为202～185Ma、182～169 Ma和167～120Ma,第三期裂缝充填方解石的Sm-Nd等时线年龄为126±11Ma.说明古油藏的油气充注始于燕山早期,燕山中晚期达到高峰,喜马拉雅期运动对早期形成的气藏起抬升、剥蚀破坏作用.     

跃进地区一间房组流体包裹体特征及油气成藏期次

通过对跃进地区一间房组流体包裹体样品分析研究,据油气、含烃盐水包裹体显微特征及均一温度特征,结合区域地层埋藏史,确定目的层油气成藏时间及期次,为进一步分析成藏过程和指导油气勘探提供依据。研究发现:①跃进地区包裹体类型丰富,有单一液相油包裹体、气液两相油包裹体、含气盐水包裹体、单一盐水包裹体、三相烃类包裹体(气+油+水)、单一纯气相包裹体6种。油包裹体显示黄绿和蓝绿色2种荧光,指示一间房组油气成藏分2个期次;②同生盐水包裹体均一温度主峰为90℃～105℃和110℃～125℃,对应燕山晚期(143～99 Ma)和喜山期(22～2 Ma)2个成藏期,且两期都是油气同时充注,油藏具"早生晚储"特征。     

贵州石头寨二叠系古油藏油气成藏期分析：流体包裹体与Sm-Nd同位素制约

贵州石头寨二叠系古油藏是滇黔桂地区众多上古生界生物礁型古油藏的典型代表。该古油藏发育了三期溶孔、裂缝充填方解石,其中含丰富的油气包裹体,三期油气包裹体组合依次为:少量液烃包裹体→液烃包裹体 气烃包裹体→气烃包裹体,与油气包裹体共生的气液水包裹体的均一温度分别为77℃～84℃、91℃～103℃和103℃～155℃。根据含油气包裹体的均一温度,结合沉积盆地热演化史和储层埋藏史,确定石头寨古油藏三期油气充注时间分别为238～235Ma、233～230Ma 和230～185Ma,第三期裂缝充填方解石的 Sm-Nd 等时线年龄为182±21Ma。古油藏的油气充注始于印支中期,于印支晚期至燕山早期达到高峰,燕山中晚期以来遭受破坏形成现今的残余古油藏。     

湖北当阳区二叠系—三叠系海相地层中油气运移的流体包裹体标志

包裹体类型和成分的不同反映了油气的不同演化程度和不同的运移期次。根据包裹体的组成和荧光性可将包裹体组合划分为 3种类型 :发荧光的沥青包裹体和盐水气液包裹体组合类型、不发荧光的沥青包裹体和盐水包裹体组合类型、纯盐水溶液及盐水气液包裹体组合类型 ,它们是不同演化阶段油气运移的重要标志。通过对湖北当阳区当深 3井二叠纪—三叠纪海相地层的包裹体组合的研究表明 ,该区存在 3期不同演化阶段的油气运移 ,即中侏罗世早期至晚期的液态烃运移期、早白垩世早期—中期的裂解烃运移期和早白垩世晚期—中白垩世中期的剩余气运移期。这为中扬子地区的海相地层的成藏研究提供了重要依据。     

焉耆盆地侏罗系油气成藏期次分析

着重用油藏地球化学分析方法探讨了焉耆盆地侏罗系油气藏的成藏时间和期次。油源对比表明八道湾组是主力烃源岩层，三叠系烃源岩对八道湾组原油有一定贡献；油气经短距离的侧向运移后，沿断层通道向上进入三工河组和西山窑组。盆地经历了2次生烃，侏罗纪末期为主要生烃期，第三纪晚期为次要生烃期。储层流体包裹体分布特征、均一温度和组分特征、储层自生伊利石测年和油气成熟度分析都显示了焉耆盆地在侏罗纪中晚期的2次成藏作用，即晚侏罗世以八道湾组低成熟油气的生成、运移和聚集为主的第1期成藏事件和侏罗纪末期以成熟油气的生成、运移和聚集为主的第2期成藏事件，受储层流体包裹体和自生伊利石形成机理的控制，第三纪晚期生烃、成藏事件在流体裹体和储层自生伊利石同位素年代学上均没有记录。侏罗纪末期是主要成藏期，第三纪晚期是调整成藏和定型期。     

宜川—旬邑地区长6～长8储层流体包裹体特征及意义

宜川—旬邑地区显示油气丰富,但是实际勘探效果不佳,通过宜川-旬邑地区延长组长6~长8储层流体包裹体岩相、均一温度、盐度的研究表明,该区主要发育液烃包裹体和气液烃有机流体包裹体。流体包裹体主要分布在石英次生加大边与石英颗粒裂纹、方解石胶结物和裂缝充填物中;包裹体个体多为5~15μm,均一温度为49~127℃,平均89℃。80%以上样品的含油流体包裹体丰度(GOI)大于或等于1%,其中近40%样品的GOI在5%以上。流体包裹体总体偏向低盐度,包裹体盐度与均一温度间的相关性差。结合延长组成岩作用、热史和埋藏史分析指出,延长组发生过广泛的油气运移与充注事件,充注时间主要在早白垩世早期—早白垩世晚期;油藏具储层边致密、石油边成藏的特点,受后期构造运动的影响,原始封闭体系遭到破坏,在方解石胶结物不甚发育且原生粒间孔隙保存较好的区域,有望获得油气勘探的突破。     

渤中坳陷油气包裹体与油气成藏

含油气盆地中油气包裹体对油气运移、聚集成藏具有示踪作用。应用油气包裹体统计分析表明渤中坳陷油气运移聚集的主要层位为浅部第三系。其中下第三系砂岩中普遍含有两类油气包裹体,即原生油气包裹体和次生油气包裹体,它们分别记录了研究区两次油气运移、聚集成藏过程。次生油气包裹体个体大、分布广、含量明显高于原生油气包裹体,其主要充填分布在次生溶蚀孔隙和裂隙中。均一温度测量、包裹体成分和生物标志化合物分析结果综合表明,次生油气包裹体记录的第二次油气运移是本区最主要的一次油气聚集成藏过程,其油气来源于下第三系湖相泥质烃源岩。结合地质演化特征分析认为,渤中坳陷目前油气勘探的重点应是浅部下第三系地层,而不是深部其它地层。早第三纪晚期构造运动、沉积间断和次生溶蚀孔隙特征研究,以及与之相关储层预测是本区油气勘探获得突破的关键所在。     

川北下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段灰岩非常规储层包裹体研究

通过对川北大安寨段灰岩非常规储层流体包裹体的系统研究，表明该储层的成因与多期次的深部溶蚀作用有关，可划分为成岩期，构造期和构造期３个溶蚀期及５个次生矿物沉淀阶段，各阶段流体包裹体类型丰度，形态，均一温度，盐度、密度和成分特征各相相同，显示溶蚀流体来自油源岩区于不同演化阶段排出的无机和有机流体，因而包裹体的各项牲和演化规律可作为评价和预测大安寨段非常规储层的标志。     

Determination of Hydrocarbon Charging History by Diagenetic Sequence and Fluid Inclusions: A Case Study of the Kongquehe Area in the Tarim Basin

Petrographic analysis of hydrocarbon inclusions in reservoirs is the basis and prerequisite for study of hydrocarbon charge history using fluid inclusion analysis.Samples from Silurian reservoirs in the Kongquehe area were studied with microscopy,cathode luminescence and scanning electron microscopy,and the paragenetic sequence of diagenetic events was established.Aqueous and oil inclusions were found in four different occurrences,i.e.,① in healed cracks in detrital quartz grains,② in quartz overgrowths that were formed relatively early in diagenesis,③ in healed cracks crosscutting quartz overgrowths and detrital quartz,and ④ in paragenetically late calcite cements.Solid bitumens were found in intergranular pores and in late fractures,whereas gas inclusions occur in healed cracks crosscutting quartz overgrowths and detrital quartz.The homogenization temperatures of aqueous(Th_(aq)) and oil incluisons(Th_0) within individual fluid inclusion assemblages are very consistent,suggesting that the microthermometric data are reliable.The Th_(aq) values are generally larger than Th_0,indicating the oil charging events took place at significant depths.The results suggest that there were at least two episodes of hydrocarbon charging in the Kongquehe area:the early hydrocarbon charging occurred in late Caledonian,dominated by oil,and the late hydrocarbon charging occurred in the Yanshan-Himalayan,first by oil and then gases.In addition,two episodes of hydrocarbon reservoir adjustment and destruction occurred in the Hercynian and Himalayan,respectively,forming solid bitumen.     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组含油气流体活动期次与石油充注史

利用显微荧光与包裹体显微测温技术,并结合烃源岩生排烃史分析,探讨了鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组含油气流体活动期次及石油充注历史。结果表明：陇东地区延长组烃源岩开始排烃的时期为早白垩世早期（约133 Ma）,主要存在两期含油气流体活动,第一期含油气流体活动发生在早白垩世主力源岩排烃期间（133~100 Ma）,第二期含油气流体活动发生在晚白垩世构造抬升期间（100~70 Ma）。早白垩世期间石油的充注表现为充注强弱程度不同的连续过程,晚白垩世以来生烃停止导致石油的充注与运移逐渐减弱并在晚白垩世末期基本停止。     

琼东南盆地崖城地区流体包裹体特征和油气充注期次分析

储层流体包裹体研究是油气充注期次分析的重要手段。对琼东南盆地崖城地区下第三系崖城组和陵水组砂岩储层5口钻井岩芯样品进行包裹体镜下显微观察、荧光分析和伴生盐水包裹体均一温度测量,表明该区下第三系主要发生过两期油气充注:第一期充注油气主要发淡黄色荧光,以液态烃包裹体和气液两相烃包裹体为主,伴生盐水包裹体的均一温度主要分布在130~160℃,根据区域埋藏热演化史推断油气充注时间为晚中新世-早上新世。第二期充注油气主要发淡蓝色荧光,以气态烃包裹体、气液两相烃包裹体和气液固三相烃包裹体为主,伴生盐水溶液包裹体的均一温度范围为160~190℃,充注时间应为第四纪。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组油气成藏期次研究

为了研究鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组油气成藏期次和成藏模式,采取镜下观察、激光拉曼、显微测温等方法对盆地南部地区延长组储层成岩作用和包裹体的特征进行了研究,并结合烃源岩生烃史、盆地热演化史,综合分析研究区延长组成藏期次。研究结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地南部地区延长组存在两期油气包裹体:第一期油气包裹体在荧光显微镜下呈蓝绿色或深绿色的液烃包裹体,丰度较低,伴生的盐水包裹体均一温度主峰为100~110 ℃;第二期油气包裹体以气液烃包裹体为主,包裹体在单偏光下为无色或淡黄色,荧光显微镜下为亮蓝色,丰度较高,伴生的盐水包裹体均一温度主峰为130~140 ℃。通过对油气包裹体的均一温度、盐度、密度研究明确了研究区为“一期两幕”成藏,结合盆地热演化史认为鄂尔多斯盆地南部地区延长组存在两次油气充注:第一次油气充注在早白垩世中期(距今115~125 Ma),第二次油气充注主要在早白垩世晚期(距今97~105 Ma)。两次油气充注表明鄂尔多斯盆地南部地区延长组油气成藏时期为早白垩世(距今97~125 Ma)。     

Hydrocarbon Generation Evolution of Permo-Carboniferous Rocks of the Bohai Bay Basin in China

<正>The Bohai Bay Basin is a Mesozoic subsidence and Cenozoic rift basin in the North China Craton.Since the deposition of the Permo-Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rock,the basin has undergone many tectonic events.The source rocks have undergone non-uniform uplift,twisting,deep burying,and magmatism and that led to an interrupted or stepwise during the evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks.We have investigated the Permo-Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rocks history of burying,heating,and hydrocarbon generation,not only on the basis of tectonic disturbance and deeply buried but also with new studies on apatite fission track analysis,fluid inclusion measurements,and the application of the numerical simulation of EASY%R_o.The heating temperature of the source rocks continued to rise from the Indosinian to Himalayan stage and reached a maximum at the Late Himalayan.This led to the stepwise increases during organic maturation and multiple stages of hydrocarbon generation.The study delineated the tectonic stages, the intensity of hydrocarbon generation and spatial and temporal distribution of hydrocarbon generations.The hydrocarbon generation occurred during the Indosinian,Yanshanian,and particularly Late Himalayan.The hydrocarbon generation during the late Himalayan stage is the most important one for the Permo-Carboniferous source rocks of the Bohai Bay Basin in China.     

Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusions and Their Significance for Evolution of Petroleum Systems in the Dabashan Foreland, Central China

Field investigation combined with detailed petrographic observation indicate that abundant oil,gas,and solid bitumen inclusions were entrapped in veins and cements of sedimentary rocks in the Dabashan foreland,which were used to reconstruct the oil and gas migration history in the context of tectonic evolution.Three stages of veins were recognized and related to the collision between the North China block and the Yangtze block during the Indosinian orogeny from Late Triassic to Early Jurassic(Dl),the southwest thrusting of the Qinling orogenic belt towards the Sichuan basin during the Yanshanian orogeny from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous(D2),and extensional tectonics during Late Cretaceous to Paleogene(D3),respectively.The occurrences of hydrocarbon inclusions in these veins and their homogenization temperatures suggest that oil was generated in the early stage of tectonic evolution,and gas was generated later,whereas solid bitumen was the result of pyrolysis of previously accumulated hydrocarbons.Three stages of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions were also identified in cements of carbonates and sandstones of gas beds in the Dabashan foreland belt and the Dabashan foreland depression(northeastern Sichuan basin),which recorded oil/gas formation,migration,accumulation and destruction of paleo-reservoirs during the D2.Isotopic analysis of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions contained in vein minerals shows that δ~(13)C_1 of gas in fluid inclusions ranges from-17.0‰ to-30.4‰(PDB) and δD from-107.7‰ to-156.7‰(SMOW),which indicates that the gas captured in the veins was migrated natural gas which may be correlated with gas from the gas-fields in northern Sichuan basin.Organic geochemical comparison between bitumen and potential source rocks indicates that the Lower Cambrian black shale and the Lower Permian black limestone were the most possible source rocks of the bitumen.Combined with tectonic evolution history of the Dabashan foreland,the results of this study suggest that oil was generated from the Paleozoic source rocks in the Dabashan area under normal burial thermal conditions before Indosinian tectonics and accumulated to form paleo-reservoirs during Indosinian collision between the North China block and the Yangtz block.The paleo-reservoirs were destroyed during the Yanshanian tectonic movement when the Dabashan foreland was formed.At the same time,oil in the paleo-reservoirs in the Dabashan foreland depression was pyrolyzed to transform to dry gas and the residues became solid bitumen.     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组低渗透油藏成藏期次研究

主要对陇东地区延长组流体包裹体特征进行了研究,结合烃源岩生烃史、原油成熟度,综合分析研究区的成藏期次。流体包裹体镜下观察与荧光特征显示陇东地区延长组存在两期油气包裹体：第一期油气包裹体在单偏光下呈灰褐色或深褐色的液烃包裹体,丰度较低,盐水包裹体均一温度主峰为75~95 ℃;第二期油气包裹体以气液烃包裹体为主,液烃表现为无色或淡黄色的单偏光特征与浅黄色至蓝绿色的荧光特征,丰度较高,盐水包裹体均一温度主峰为75~95 ℃与100~120 ℃。结合烃源岩生烃史与原油成熟度认为,陇东地区延长组存在三期成藏：距今约为140~130 Ma的早期低熟油小规模充注时期;发生于120~100 Ma,与烃源岩生烃高峰期相对应的中期成熟度大规模成藏期;距今约为100~40 Ma的晚白垩世构造抬升调整成藏时期。     

莺—琼盆地1号断裂带含烃热流体活动初探

１号断裂带是莺－琼盆地油气勘探的重点地区之一,有机包裹体研究有助于追踪油气及热流体活动的痕迹,为油气运聚成藏提供地球化学依据,通过包裹体薄片镜下观察,均一温度和盐度测试,认为工区内发育五种类型的有机包裹体：（１）液态烃包裹体;（２）气流态烃包裹体;（３）气态烃包裹体;（４）含烃ＣＯ２包裹体;（５）烃子矿物包裹体,含烃ＣＯ２包裹体一般与气态烃共生,含烃子矿物包裹体既无液态烃共生又与气态烃共生,包裹体