海洋油气资源的遥感探测技术

论述了海洋油气资源遥感探测技术的两种方法，即烃类渗漏形成油膜的检测及由于油气藏的存在而导致的海底微重力异常的检测，并分别对这两类方法的应用实例加以说明     

塔北地区化探遥感技术探测油气藏的研究

油气藏上方烃类微渗漏，可引起附近地表物质的物理与化学性质变化，形成地物反射光谱特征异常，这为遥感技术直接探测油气藏提供了可能。作者在本文中以地物波谱测试、TM、NOAA卫星资料为信息，以石油地质理论和烃类垂向微渗漏理论为指导，阐述了塔里木盆地北部地区，应用化探遥感技术寻找油气藏的方法及应用效果。     

近海油气藏渗漏烃的检测方法综述

主要总结了海域油气藏渗漏烃的航空遥感和地球化学检测方法.遥感测量可以从宏观上圈定海面油膜的分布范围,是海上油气藏勘探前期常用的廉价方法;海底沉积物取芯测量和海水嗅探器现场分析是海域油气藏渗漏烃地球化学检测的主要手段,海水样品的脱气处理是海水介质中渗漏烃地球化学检测的关键环节;海水和海底沉积物取样设备与脱气技术的不断完善,为海域油气藏渗漏烃的检测提供了基本保障;目前,底层水采样分析与海底沉积物取芯分析已成为一种有效且相对经济的海域油气藏渗漏烃检测技术组合,与一些地球物理方法结合应用,可有效地圈定海底下方渗漏源的位置.     

断层对烃类微渗漏主控作用及异常分布影响的实验模拟研究

在油气化探中,传统观点认为断层是优势通道,烃类沿断层渗漏形成的化探异常将偏离实际油气藏位置在近地表的垂向投影,这引起了地质界对化探技术预测地下油气藏的质疑。针对上述质疑,以断块油气藏的简化地质模型为基础,研制实验装置,开展断块油气藏烃类通过盖层及上覆地层垂向微渗漏模拟实验,研究了地下断层对烃类垂向微渗漏的影响。结果表明,受断层控制的油气藏,断层不是烃类微渗漏的唯一优势通道,油藏上覆盖层及地层中广泛发育的裂隙或微裂隙系统等都是决定地表化探异常分布的重要因素,烃类垂向微渗漏是客观存的;断层是否是微渗漏的优势通道,取决于断层的封闭性;另外实验结果也证实了圈定油气靶区的最好采样方法是高密度的网格采样。     

卫星遥感技术在油气勘探中的应用

卫星遥感技术在油气勘探中的应用日趋广泛,尤其在含油气盆地构造研究和烃类微渗漏检测方面取得了显著进展。根据目前国内外的研究资料,结合中国南方的遥感实例,介绍了盆地的遥感构造特征,遥感解译的方法、步骤和实际效果。阐述了遥感技术在油气藏烃类微渗漏勘探中的检测原理、方法和应用。现状表明,高光谱遥感与智能计算将在油气勘探中发挥重要作用。     

航空高光谱探测技术在准噶尔盆地东部地区油气调查中的应用

赋存于地下的油气藏(田)一般都存在向地表微渗漏,油气藏上方烃类垂向微渗漏可引起近地表物质的物理与化学性质变化,形成地物反射光谱特征异常,这为航空高光谱技术用于探测烃类微渗漏信息成为可能,成为油气选区调查和寻找油气的有效技术方法。在准东2500 km2范围内开展航空高光谱油气探测技术研究,获取了研究区CASI/SASI/TASI航空高光谱遥感数据,提取了与油气及与油气相关的粘土、碳酸盐、二价铁等信息,通过与已发现的油气藏(田)高光谱油气异常信息的对比研究,在准东地区落实了柳树河子和三台镇2个油气有利区。     

RADARSAT雷达数据特征及其应用简介

ＲＡＤＡＲＳＡＴ是１９９５年１１月４日发射的加拿大雷达地球资源卫星。它是世界上第一颗正式运营的雷达商业卫星。因为传感器可调，ＲＡＤＡＲＳＡＴ能够提供７类共２５种数据（图像）。这就要求用户订购ＲＡＤＡＲＳＡＴ产品之前，根据特定用途，弄清７个方面的问题，作出正确的选择。本文最后还列举出了３个ＲＡＤＡＲＳＡＴ数据（图像）的应用实例。     

基于烃类垂向微渗漏的地球化学场数值模拟

基于烃类微渗漏基本理论和连续介质假设,总结了近年来地球化学勘探领域主流的关于烃类微渗漏机制的假说;根据其中最为普遍接受的烃类气体以胶体大小的微气泡做布朗运动向上运移为主的微渗漏机制,利用多孔介质流体动力学以及能量守恒定律建立了定量描述烃类微渗漏的数学模型;采用构建单层和多层积木块理想地层介质模型叠加的方法对典型地质条件进行了划分和组合;建立了描述地层介质模型内部烃类垂向微渗漏过程的定量方程,即一类反应-对流-扩散偏微分方程,进行了“油气藏中烃类组分垂向微渗漏和异常形成动态过程”的数学描述和模拟,并将上述过程付诸于典型实践区--鄂尔多斯盆地花豹沟油气藏进行模型的数值验证与实例分析,得到与实际勘探数据相一致的结果。研究成果为复杂条件下油气运移定量地球化学场数学模型的建立提供了一种新的思想和具体数学方法。     

壤中游离气方法及其在油气化探中的应用

油气藏中的轻烃气体能够以微弱但可检出的量近似垂直地渗漏到地表土壤中,其中一部分烃类以游离态赋存在土壤或岩石颗粒空隙中.壤中游离气中的烃类能反映深部油气藏烃类的现代补偿性活跃微渗漏,被认为是油气地球化学勘探的最可靠方法之一.壤中游离气采集是获得第四系沉积层中微渗漏烃类地球化学异常的关键技术.自行研制了便携式游离气采集新装...     

工业废渣库岩溶渗漏污染评价

对工业废渣库岩溶渗漏类型以及渗漏污染特征作了探讨，应用混合稀释扩散预测模型和ＣＡＲ动态系统模型，进行渗漏污染的预测和评价。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861