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以叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria inornata)为研究对象,分析了不同质量浓度四溴双酚A(TBBPA)污染下微藻光合色素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,以及细胞形态和细胞内部结构的变化。研究结果显示:在TBBPA较低质量浓度(0.5和2.0mg/L)污染条件下,叉鞭金藻的叶绿素a(Chl-a)、叶绿素c(Chl-c)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量显著高于对照组,其含量第24小时达最大值;较高质量浓度(4.0和8.0mg/L)污染条件下,3种色素含量则显著低于对照组,其含量在第24小时达最小值。实验期间各实验组叉鞭金藻的可溶性蛋白含量、SOD活性和MDA含量主要被诱导;4.0mg/L的TBBPA作用叉鞭金藻96h后,藻细胞表面形态和内部亚显微结构均发生变化,与光合色素含量降低、MDA含量增加相一致。 相似文献
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本文研究了0.1~5mg/L的3-吲哚乙酸(IAA)对球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)和0.1~3mg/L的IAA对棕鞭藻(Ochromonas neopolitana)的叶绿素荧光参数(PSII最大光能转化效率Fv/Fm、相对电子传递速率rETR、光化学淬灭qP)、细胞密度、叶绿素含量、总脂含量及脂肪酸组成的影响。研究表明,球等鞭金藻和棕鞭藻进行光合作用和生长的最适IAA浓度分别为0.1和0.25mg/L。此条件下,2株藻的Fv/Fm、rETR、qP、细胞密度和叶绿素含量均显著高于对照组和其它处理组。其中,球等鞭金藻的细胞密度和叶绿素含量分别比对照组增加了32.6%和37.1%,总脂含量显著高于其它处理组,但与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);棕鞭藻的细胞密度和叶绿素含量在IAA浓度为0.25mg/L时分别比对照组增加了48.7%和34.4%,总脂含量在IAA浓度为0.5mg/L时显著高于对照组和其它处理组,但与0.25mg/L处理组差异不显著(P0.05)。0.1mg/L的IAA浓度对球等鞭金藻DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)的合成有促进作用,但对其它各脂肪酸(14:0、16:0、16:1n-7和18:1n-9)含量均无显著影响;0.25mg/L的IAA浓度促进了棕鞭藻DHA和多不饱和脂肪酸的合成。研究结果表明,球等鞭金藻和棕鞭藻进行生长和油脂积累的最适IAA浓度分别为0.1和0.25mg/L,此结果为2株藻的大规模培养提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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有机磷农药对海洋微藻致毒性的生物学研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文以叉鞭金藻和三角褐指藻为材料,采用室内一次性培养的方法研究久效磷对光合色素(叶素α和类胡萝卜素)含量的影响。结果显示,低浓度的久效磷短时间处理对微藻细胞的光合色素含量影响轻微,有时甚至可使光合色素含量升高;随着久效磷浓度的提高和处理时间的延长,微藻的光合色素含量明显降低,说明久效磷对光合色素有严重的破坏作用。久效磷对叉鞭金藻叶绿素α的72hEC50为6.8mg/L,48hEC50为10.6mg 相似文献
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油菜素内酯对两种单细胞藻生长和某些生理活性的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究于1991年3月-1992年7月在大连进行,实验藻取自大连凌水养殖二场饵料室。分别用浓度为5,10,50μg/L和1,5,10μg/L的油菜素内酯处理亚心形扁藻及球等鞭金藻,研究其对单细胞藻生长的结果表明,两种藻的各处理组的瞎缓期均缩短,细胞生长加快。促进生长最佳浓度。亚心形扁藻的10μg/L,球等鞭金藻的5μg/L;油菜素内酯可提高实验藻的叶绿素含量并促进其光合作用;在处理组的亚心形扁藻和球 相似文献
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本文研究了不同浓度(0,0.1,1.0,4.0和8.0mg/L)的植物生长调节剂烯效唑处理20天内对铜藻(Sargassum horneri)的生长及抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明,烯效唑显著抑制了铜藻的生长,各处理组藻体的长度和比生长速率(SGR)均显著低于对照组,且烯效唑处理浓度越高,抑制作用越明显。0.1和1.0mg/L烯效唑处理组的叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素和可溶性蛋白的含量均显著提高,可溶性糖的含量在前5天内有短暂的促进,而4.0和8.0mg/L处理组的叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素和可溶性蛋白的含量显著下降,而可溶性糖的含量显著升高。抗氧化防御指标的变化也呈现差异性,各处理组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在5d时均显著提高,而随着处理时间的延长,低浓度(≤1.0mg/L)处理组SOD活性恢复到对照组水平,高浓度(≥4.0mg/L)处理组SOD活性仍保持在较高水平,显著高于对照组。0.1mg/L处理组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在实验10d时才显著升高,表现为逐渐诱导的现象,丙二醛(MDA)含量在20d时略低于对照组;而其他三个高浓度处理组的CAT活性在实验期间,均显著升高,MDA含量20d时也显著高于对照。以上研究结果丰富了植物生长调节剂对藻类生长影响的研究体系,为烯效唑在大型藻类中的合理应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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考察了盐藻在氮浓度3mmol/L和0.59mmol/L两种条件下的生长、氮磷的利用以及色素积累的情况。结果表明氮浓度3mmol/L培养基有利于藻细胞的增值,最终藻体浓度大,稳定期可维持数日;0.59mmol/L培养基有利于细胞胡萝卜素积累,单位细胞胡萝卜素与叶绿素的比值达到12.3,是氮浓度3mmol/L培养基的两倍左右。盐藻细胞在生长初期快速利用氮源,之后即使培养基中仍有较高浓度的氮源,藻细胞也不再利用。两种条件下藻细胞对磷的利用情况相同。两种培养基中盐藻单位细胞叶绿素含量均先增加后减少,胡萝卜素含量均先降低后增加。 相似文献
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研究中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)生长对不同质量浓度的5种金属离子胁迫的响应,探讨5种金属离子对中肋骨条藻叶绿素a合成的影响.结果显示:生长方面,中肋骨条藻对Cd2+和Ba2+的响应较明显,培养至第10天,Cd2+质量浓度为1、10 mg/L组生长量仅有对照组的59%及43.6%; Ba2+质量浓度为2 mg/L组到第10天是对照组的69.4%,而0.5 mg/L组超过对照组38.9%;中肋骨条藻对其他金属离子的胁迫响应不明显;叶绿素合成方面,Cd2+质量浓度为1 mg/L时,叶绿素a合成量达最高,高于对照组157%;而Ba2+质量浓度为0.5、1 mg/L时,超出对照组的116%和483%;其他金属离子对中肋骨条藻叶绿素a合成均起抑制作用,各个质量浓度组均低于对照组,其中pb2+质量浓度为0.3 mg/L、Mn2+质量浓度为1 mg/L及Li+质量浓度为0.1 mg/L时,叶绿素a含量达最低值,仅为对照组的34.1%、37.5%和17.6%;结论是质量浓度为0.5 mg/L的Ba2+可促进中肋骨条藻的生长及叶绿素的合成,对其产业化规模培养具有重要意义. 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明:土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria ( 〉 99% ), but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments ( ≥ 98.8% ), including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献