河南舞阳凹陷底部火山岩的发现及其锆石年代学和Hf同位素地球化学研究

河南省中部的舞阳凹陷长期被认为是一新生代盐湖盆地。它位于华北克拉通南缘,基底由新太古代–古生代地层组成,盆地沉积物为新生代碎屑–化学岩系。最新钻探发现盆地南缘发育一套火山–沉积建造,火山岩与红色砂砾岩互层,总厚度达一千多米。作者对粗面岩(WY-1)和粗安质火山角砾岩(WY-2)开展了岩性组合、区域地层对比划分以及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及Hf同位素研究。锆石多具有生长振荡环带,个别锆石显示核-边结构。WY-1样品中25颗锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为129.1±1.0 Ma(MSWD=0.87);WY-2样品中4颗锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为132.5±9.8 Ma(MSWD=5.0),两者的年龄比较接近,表明火山岩形成于133 Ma左右,属中生代早白垩世,盆地地层并非前人认为的全部属于新生代。藉此,我们认为舞阳凹陷乃至周口盆地的发育始于早白垩世或更早,是扬子–华北古板块碰撞之后秦岭造山带岩石圈伸展的结果。WY-2样品中其他13颗继承锆石或继承核的~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄介于1033~2931 Ma,与华北克拉通南缘主要岩性的时代一致。火山岩中的早白垩世锆石ε_(Hf)(t)为-21.82~-19.10,t_(DM2)变化于2.39~2.56 Ga之间,与太华超群中部地层年龄和特征吻合,表明火山岩主要源自华北克拉通南缘深部早前寒武纪岩石的部分熔融作用。     

江西相山铀矿田燕山期岩浆活动的多阶段性及其意义

相山铀矿田是我国最大的火山岩型铀矿田,区域内主要出露有碎斑熔岩、流纹英安岩、花岗斑岩等火山岩—潜火山岩。前人对这三种岩浆岩进行了较为详尽的年代学研究。近年来随着相山西部深部钻探的开展,发现钻孔中由上至下出现‘碎斑熔岩—流纹英安岩—碎斑熔岩’的现象,现有的年代学结果还不能给予合理的解释。为此,我们对相山西部典型钻孔中的上下两层碎斑熔岩及其间的流纹英安岩,以及相山北部和西部钻孔中的三个花岗斑岩样品进行了详细的年代学研究,结果显示,流纹英安岩的锆石206Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为139.7±1.0Ma,碎斑熔岩（上层）的加权平均年龄为135.3±0.9Ma,碎斑熔岩（下层）的加权平均年龄为129.9±0.9Ma,不同地点的三个花岗斑岩样品的加权平均年龄分别为125.4±1.0Ma, 134.4±1.3Ma,148.8±2.3Ma,结合上下两层碎斑熔岩的镜下特征,认为下层碎斑熔岩是在上层碎斑熔岩形成后沿流纹英安岩之下的凝灰岩接触面超浅层侵入形成,从而在剖面上显示出“上老下新”的特征。这些结果表明相山燕山期岩浆活动持续时间较长（长达约24Ma）,为成矿有利因素,而不是前人认为的相山燕山期岩浆活动是一次短暂而集中的活动。对相山火山—侵入杂岩锆石的Hf同位素研究表明,各岩石样品的锆石εHf(t)值相近,分布在-10.6~-4.9之间,锆石的Hf模式年龄TDM2介于1478~1844Ma之间,本研究认为相山火山—侵入杂岩体可能起源于相山深部中元古代岩地壳所衍生的基底副变质岩部分熔融。     

吉林中部地区余富屯组形成时代及构造意义

本文对吉林中部地区余富屯组中英安质凝灰岩和英安岩进行了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学的研究,确定了余富屯组的形成时代和构造意义。英安质凝灰岩中锆石多呈半自形,发育振荡生长环带,具有较大的Th/U比值(0.52～1.68),以及强烈的Eu负异常和明显的Ce正异常,表明其为岩浆成因。定年结果显示英安质凝灰岩中锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄有4组：(247±1)Ma、(262±2)Ma、316 Ma和427 Ma。英安岩中锆石呈半自形,Th/U比值为0.39～0.90,锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为(187±1)Ma,即形成于早侏罗世。因此,余富屯组为不同时代岩片组成的构造混杂岩,此外,样品中锆石微量元素显示其源岩形成于弧/造山带环境。综合区域资料,认为余富屯组至少存在早石炭世、早三叠世和早侏罗世的岩石。其构造混杂的时代下限为早侏罗世。余富屯组杂岩反映了早侏罗世—早白垩世时期古太平洋板块俯冲背景之下区域构造改造作用的存在。     

赣南-粤北地区晚白垩世早期长英质火山岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

中国东南部晚白垩世早期广泛发育红色沉积岩系,沉积岩系底部常见玄武岩夹层,但赣南-粤北的长塘、仁居、寻乌盆地以长英质火山岩为主体,底部也夹有玄武岩层,构成“大量流纹岩-少量玄武岩”的双峰式组合。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄表明,长塘、仁居盆地流纹岩和寻乌盆地碎斑熔岩的锆石206Pb/238U年龄分别为96.8Ma±1.4Ma、95.5Ma±1.3Ma、96.7Ma±1.1Ma,属晚白垩世早期。鉴于版石盆地火山岩系为长英质火山岩组合,且中部凝灰岩和上部流纹岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄分别为142.5Ma±1.3Ma和131.4Ma±1.3Ma,地质时代属早白垩世早期,长塘、仁居和寻乌盆地的火山岩系不能与版石盆地的火山岩系对比。赣南-粤北长塘、仁居和寻乌盆地长英质火山岩地质时代的确认,证实余姚-丽水-政和-大浦-莲花山断裂以东和以西“大量流纹岩-少量玄武岩”构成的不对称双峰式组合具有不同的地质时代,显示出东早西晚的特征,这对于研究中国东南部中生代岩浆活动和构造演化具有重要意义。     

赣南-粤北地区晚白垩世早期长英质火山岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

中国东南部晚白垩世早期广泛发育红色沉积岩系,沉积岩系底部常见玄武岩夹层,但赣南-粤北的长塘、仁居、寻乌盆地以长英质火山岩为主体,底部也夹有玄武岩层,构成"大量流纹岩-少量玄武岩"的双峰式组合。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄表明,长塘、仁居盆地流纹岩和寻乌盆地碎斑熔岩的锆石206Pb/238U年龄分别为96.8Ma±1.4Ma、95.5Ma±1.3Ma、96.7Ma±1.1Ma,属晚白垩世早期。鉴于版石盆地火山岩系为长英质火山岩组合,且中部凝灰岩和上部流纹岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄分别为142.5Ma±1.3Ma和131.4Ma±1.3Ma,地质时代属早白垩世早期,长塘、仁居和寻乌盆地的火山岩系不能与版石盆地的火山岩系对比。赣南-粤北长塘、仁居和寻乌盆地长英质火山岩地质时代的确认,证实余姚-丽水-政和-大浦-莲花山断裂以东和以西"大量流纹岩-少量玄武岩"构成的不对称双峰式组合具有不同的地质时代,显示出东早西晚的特征,这对于研究中国东南部中生代岩浆活动和构造演化具有重要意义。     

海拉尔盆地中生代火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学及其地质意义

本文报导了海拉尔盆地巴彦呼舒凹陷楚2井南屯组(K1n)和楚3井兴安岭群(J3xn)6个流纹岩中锆石的LA-ICPMS U-Pb定年结果,以便精确限定盆地内火山岩形成的时代以及火山活动与盆地形成和演化之间的关系.6个流纹岩中的锆石均呈自形-半自形晶,显示典型的岩浆生长环带或条痕状吸收,并具有较高的Th/U比值(0.48 ～2.41),表示其为岩浆成因.楚2井南屯组(K1n)1个流纹岩中锆石的206Pb/238U年龄介于123～ 134Ma之间,其加权平均年龄为127±2Ma,代表了该火山岩的形成时代为早白垩世晚期;楚3井兴安岭群5个样品的锆石206Pb/238U年龄分别为120±1Ma、127±4Ma、125±1Ma、125±1Ma和126±1Ma,表明其形成时代为早白垩世晚期,并非前人确定的晚侏罗世.除了上述年龄外,流纹岩中还存在140～168Ma的捕获锆石,这与区域上出露的塔木兰沟组火山岩的形成时代相吻合.根据上述定年结果并结合前人的资料,海拉尔盆地南屯组和兴安岭群火山岩的形成时代为早白垩世晚期,火山活动时间为中生代晚侏罗世-早白垩世,这与我国东部中生代火成岩活动的年代一致.从东北地区中生代火山岩的定年结果及其空间展布来看,海拉尔盆地的形成与演化应与环太平洋构造体系有关,即古太平洋板块的俯冲作用.     

大兴安岭满归地区变中酸性火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对大兴安岭满归地区新元古界—下寒武统大网子组变中酸性火山岩进行锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究,探讨其形成时代及地质意义。大网子组由变安山岩、变英安岩、变流纹岩和少量变晶屑凝灰岩组成,缺少板岩、变砂岩、片岩等沉积岩夹层。通过对变安山岩进行锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定,获得其锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为(199±1) Ma,表明大网子组变中酸性火山岩形成于早侏罗世早期,非前人认为的形成于新元古代—早寒武世。额尔古纳地块早侏罗世火山岩为漠河盆地提供了物源,表明额尔古纳地块在早侏罗世处于火山-岩浆弧构造背景。该研究为蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合过程中的地球动力学研究提供了新资料。     

大兴安岭满归地区变中酸性火山岩LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对大兴安岭满归地区新元古界—下寒武统大网子组变中酸性火山岩进行锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究,探讨其形成时代及地质意义。大网子组由变安山岩、变英安岩、变流纹岩和少量变晶屑凝灰岩组成,缺少板岩、变砂岩、片岩等沉积岩夹层。通过对变安山岩进行锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定,获得其锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为(199±1) Ma,表明大网子组变中酸性火山岩形成于早侏罗世早期,非前人认为的形成于新元古代—早寒武世。额尔古纳地块早侏罗世火山岩为漠河盆地提供了物源,表明额尔古纳地块在早侏罗世处于火山-岩浆弧构造背景。该研究为蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋闭合过程中的地球动力学研究提供了新资料。     

漠河盆地额木尔河群锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

大兴安岭北部漠河盆地额木尔河群自下而上由绣峰组、二十二站组、漠河组和开库康组组成, 目前对额木尔河群形成时代还存在不同的认识。绣峰组含砾粗砂岩及二十二站组碎屑岩中流纹质凝灰岩夹层激光探针(LA-ICP-MS)锆石U-Pb测年结果表明, 绣峰组含砾粗砂岩中的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄变化于距今2195~163 Ma之间, 暗示了源区有古元古代基底存在, 这一年龄数据与盆地周缘分布的基底岩石时代相吻合。碎屑锆石中5个最年轻锆石的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为167±2 Ma, 反映绣峰组沉积下限为中侏罗世中期; 二十二站组流纹质凝灰岩岩浆锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为148±2 Ma, 由此限定二十二站组形成时代为晚侏罗世晚期。锆石U-Pb年龄数据反映额木尔河群沉积时间为中-晚侏罗世, 这一认识对恢复漠河盆地形成演化历史及油气资源勘查提供了新的证据。      

大兴安岭北部中侏罗统漠河组砂岩LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄:对漠河盆地源区的制约

对大兴安岭北部漠河盆地中侏罗统漠河组砂岩进行了碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测试,获得的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄为1425~170 Ma,反映了中侏罗时期漠河盆地源区的复杂性。该时期漠河盆地物源主要有:中元古代变质火山岩,碎屑锆石年龄1425~1064 Ma;新元古代变质侵入岩,碎屑锆石年龄888~550 Ma;寒武—奥陶纪变质表壳岩与深成侵入岩,碎屑锆石年龄517~441 Ma;石炭—二叠纪侵入岩,碎屑锆石年龄327~252 Ma;三叠纪—中侏罗世侵入岩,碎屑锆石年龄250~170 Ma。这一测试数据与盆地现在南缘分布的地质体的时代基本对应,说明盆地的物源主要来自南部的中元古代—中侏罗世地质体,碎屑锆石中最小年龄为170 Ma,反映漠河组沉积下限不早于中侏罗世早期。这一成果对研究漠河盆地源区的物质组成、盆地沉积年代和油气成藏条件提供了新的素材。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861