安徽金寨迎峰崖含金银富铅锌多金属矿工艺矿物学研究

为查清安徽金寨迎峰崖含金银富铅锌多金属矿矿区内矿石的物质组分及矿物嵌布特征,采用化学多元素分析、光片和薄片镜下鉴定、X射线衍射分析以及单矿物组分分析等方法,对矿石的物质组分、矿物的嵌布特征进行分析测试。结果表明,矿石中主要矿物为方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、石英等。方铅矿、闪锌矿以包裹嵌镶或黏连镶布为主,细小的方铅矿与其他矿物毗邻,交代成因的闪锌矿呈融滴状分布于被交代矿物之上。Au充填于黄铁矿晶隙中;Ag在方铅矿中富集,主要以化合物形式存在;闪锌矿中有害组分Cd（2 697 mg/kg）严重超标,其他有害组分为Fe、S、As等。矿石矿物颗粒粒度以中粗粒为主。研究结果可为矿物分离及后期的开发利用提供参考。     

西藏罗布莎铁族元素金属互化物矿物及其成因探讨

对西藏罗布莎铬铁矿中的铁族元素金属及金属互化物矿物进行了X射线衍射测定,结果显示其归属于镍纹石、自然铁、钴铁矿及铁镍矿4种矿物。它们与超高压矿物方铁矿、铂族元素矿物等连生,形成于深部的高还原环境,矿物的化学成分与地核十分相近,故认为它们可能来自于地幔及地核。     

Dispersed mineralization in granitic rocks in the Dukat ore field,the Russian Northeast: Sources and relationship with epithermal gold-silver and silver-base-metal ores

The dispersed mineralization in the Late Cretaceous leucogranite of the Dukat ore field comprises melanocratic high-sulfide epidote-feldspar, pyroxene-feldspar and low-sulfide allanite-fluorite-feldspar inclusions in greisenized intrusions. The silver-base-metal mineralization is composed of pyrite, pyrrhotite, small particles of Pb, Zn, Sn, Ag, and Sb sulfides and oxides, their native species, and intermetallic compounds; the rare-metal mineralization consists of REE, Th, U, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, and W oxides, silicates, and aluminosilicates. The isotopic Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic compositions and geochemical characteristics of the mineralized inclusions, rock-forming minerals of granitoids, hydrothermal minerals of preore metasomatic propylites and orebodies at the Dukat deposit show that their components have been taken from heterogeneous domains of the Paleozoic juvenile continental crust of the Siberian Platform.     

甘肃寨上金矿床矿物组成特征与矿质沉淀机理

位于西秦岭礼(县)—岷(县)成矿带西段的寨上金矿床,是近年发现的一个大型微细浸染型金矿。笔者通过显微镜观察、电子探针和扫描分析等综合分析技术,确认金矿床中矿物组成相当丰富,既有大量硫化物、硫盐、氧化物、硫酸盐、碳酸盐、钨酸盐,又有碲化物、自然金属及多金属互化物。除常见矿物为自然金、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、黝铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、辉锑矿、石英、白钨矿、方解石、菱铁矿、铁白云石和重晶石外,笔者还鉴定出在卡林型金矿床较少见的一些矿物,如硫铜锑矿、车轮矿、辉锑铅矿、辉钼矿、碲汞矿、碲镍矿、Cu-Zn-Ni-Sn-Fe的金属互化物和白钨矿等。矿石中矿物种类较多,组成较复杂以及存在显微自然金,构成寨上金矿床的一大特色。赋矿围岩中含Fe碳酸盐矿物溶解释放Fe以及溶解Fe的大量硫化物化,是寨上金矿床中存在显微可见自然金的最重要因素和金沉淀富集的有利条件。     

Peculiarities of the composition of volatile components in picroilmenites from Yakutian kimberlites of various ages (by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry)

The composition of volatile components in picroilmenites from Yakutian kimberlitic pipes of various ages (the Olivinovaya, Malokuonapskaya, and Udachnaya–East pipes) was studied for the first time by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was shown that picroilmenites and olivines from same kimberlitic pipes contained volatile components of close composition, whereas these components were quite different in these minerals from different pipes. These features point to a common source and represent the specificity of the magma chamber formed under the pronounced influence of hydrocarbons with their derivates, as well as nitrogen-, chlorine-, and sulfur-containing compounds. The fraction of hydrocarbons and derivates in the composition of volatile matter is as high as 99%, including 9.7% of chlorine- and fluorinecontaining compounds.     

Accessory iron and nickel minerals from the Mt. Poputnaya ultramafic massif,eastern Kamchatka,Russia

Oxides, sulfides, arsenides, native metals, and intermetallic compounds are accessory ore minerals from the rocks of the Mt. Poputnaya ultramafic massif. The Fe–Ni phases containing 55.3–82.3 wt % Ni are the most abundant among them. Magnetite, pyrrhotite, Co–Fe and Fe–Ni phases, and native iron are the comparatively high-temperature minerals, whereas heazlewoodite, orcelite, dienerite, and native copper are formed at low temperatures. The found minerals result from serpentinization at 500°C and below.     

西藏嘎拉勒铜金矿床金和银的赋存状态研究

班公湖-怒江成矿带是西藏重要的铜多金属成矿带。嘎拉勒铜金矿床是该成矿带中发现较晚、研究程度较低且具代表性的矽卡岩型铜金矿床,矿石有用组分中金、银的赋存状态研究相对开展的较少,限制了矿床进一步的综合开发利用。作者通过野外地质调查与采样,采用光学显微镜鉴定、扫描电镜观察和X射线能谱仪测试分析等手段和方法,对矿石成分组分做了详细的研究,重点研究了矿床中金、银的赋存状态及主要载金矿物的特征。嘎拉勒铜金矿床金矿物以自然金、银金矿为主,其次为金银矿,可见粒间金、裂隙金及相对较少的包裹金形式,主要的载金矿物为石英、白云石、方解石、金属氧化物、硫化物及自然铋等。银矿物主要以金银系列矿物形式存在,少量自然银与放射性元素共生,此外,还有少量辉银矿。研究成果填补了该矿区金、银赋存状态研究的空白,对矿床的开发、利用有着重要的指示意义。     

Mercury and mercury compounds in surface air, soil gas, soils and rocks

Secondary mercury dispersion haloes were detected and defined above sulphide mineralization by in-situ mercury in soil gas measurements. The meteorological factors controlling the concentration of mercury in soil gas were investigated by long-term experiments. Different mercury compounds in soils and rocks have been determined by a thermal destruction technique. In areas with sulphide mineralization, adsorbed mercury, HgCl₂, HgS, HgSO₄ and organically fixed mercury are the most important mercury compounds. The concentrations, transport and secondary formation of mercury and its compounds is controlled by: (1) the content of organic matter, Fe-oxides/hydroxides and clay minerals of the soils; and (2) the composition of the underlying rocks.The occurrence of mercury-sulphur compounds indicates the topographic influence on down-slope dispersion and the direction of inclination of the ore body. HgS and HgSO₄ are the dominant mercury compounds in the ore; in the bedrock, mercury occurs mainly as adsorbed mercury.     

伊犁盆地512铀矿床粘土矿物特征与铀成矿作用

对５１２铀矿床粘土矿物质量分数,分布特征进行了较全面的分析,指出该矿床中粘土矿物以成岩国主,在后生成矿作用中又叠加了新的粘土蚀变产物,各亚带粘土矿物组成基本类似但又存在的一定差异,粘土总量和蒙皂石能较好地反映各亚带的成矿物理化学条件的改变;粘土矿物对Ｕ有明显的吸附富集作用,但又能抑制作用,即粘土质量分数过高或氧化带粘土变太强烈不利于铀在过渡带沉积富集成矿,此外,对粘土矿物成分对浸工艺开采过程中的不     

江西仙山岗银金矿床矿石物质组分及金银赋存状态研究

通过分析研究,基本查明了江西仙山岗银金矿床矿石性质、物质组分及金银赋存状态特征如下:矿石中有工业价值的元素为Au和Ag;矿石矿物以褐铁矿为主,脉石矿物以石英为主;矿石的结构构造有利于各矿物的单体解离;金银矿物以独立矿物存在,且主要赋存于矿物粒间;为选矿试验提供必要参数,并为矿床进一步开发提供了可靠依据.     

有机粘土化学研究进展与展望

有机粘土化学是研究粘土矿物与有机化合物之间相互作用的一门学科,其内容包括粘土矿物对有机化合物的吸附作用,粘土矿物对有机化合物转化的催化作用以及有机化合物对粘土矿物的合成与风化的影响。着重阐述了近20年来有机粘土化学的研究进展,并就这一学科领域的研究作了展望。     

镇旬铅锌矿田主要矿物的标型特征研究

闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、石英及重晶石镇旬铅锌矿田的主要矿物,不同世代的闪锌矿,其形态,颜色及矿物共生组合的差异,反映了形成条件的差异,主要矿物的化学成份。微量元素含量,反映了本区铅锌矿床与西成一凤太地区的喷流沉积改造型铅放床一样,即与国内岩浆热液型铅锌矿床有相似之处,更与典型的沉积改造型铅锌矿床类型。     

Hydrothermal mobility of Ti, Zr and REE: examples from the Bergell and Adamello contact aureoles (Italy)

Contact metamorphic marbles, affected by metasomatic fluids at the contact to the Bergell and Adamello Intrusives, contain various accessory minerals (zirconolite, allanite, titanite, rutile, geikielite, hoegbomite), which provide new evidence for the hydrothermal mobility of Ti and Zr. In both examples, Ti and Zr migrated along with U, Th, Y and REE in a metasomatic fluid rich in potassium. The composition of the main minerals (fluorine-rich phlogopite, pargasite and titanian clinohumite) and the abundance of fluor-apatite demonstrate that fluorine and phosphorus were important components of the fluid. The textural relationships indicate that the formation of the accessory phases is linked to the crystallization of the hydrous minerals.     

Variations in the composition and origin of hydrocarbon gases from inclusions in minerals of the Khibiny and Lovozero plutons,Kola Peninsula,Russia

Relationships between methane and its homologues mainly contained in fluid microinclusions have been studied in 332 monomineralic fractions from the Khibiny and Lovozero alkaline plutons. Hydrocarbon gases (HCG) were extracted for subsequent chromatographic analysis using the bulk method of sample comminution. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of gaseous alkanes in the same and associated minerals is different depending on geological setting of the samples. The molecular mass of HCG increases (i) with decrease in temperature and capture of fluid inclusions in the course of transformation of primary magmatic minerals and the formation of late minerals as products of intensified postmagmatic processes; (ii) in the direction from khibinite at the margin and foyaite in the core of the Khibiny pluton to the central ring structure; and (iii) from the bottom to top of the differentiated complex in the Lovozero pluton. The results obtained coupled with other geochemical data suggest multistage generation and transformation of hydrocarbons from the magmatic to the final low-temperature hydrothermal stage. The MWD of hydrocarbon components in gases occluded by minerals can serve as an indicator of conditions characteristic of rock and ore formation, as well as of the consecutive formation and transformation of associated minerals revealing ambiguous and controversial relationships.     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿富银矿体地质特征、银赋存状态及富集机理研究

位于西藏墨竹工卡县的甲玛铜多金属矿床是冈底斯中东段近年来新发现的超大型矿床,已探明伴生银资源量大于6000t.根据产出特征可将甲玛矿区的银矿体分为矽卡型与大理岩型两种.通过矿相学、电子显微探针研究发现银均以不可见银和可见银两种形式存在.不可见银以晶格银的形式赋存于铜矿物中;其次以次显微包体银的形式赋存于方铅矿中.可见银...     

鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系粘土矿物的分布特征及其沉积-成岩环境意义

系统地分析了鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系粘土矿物的特征及其沉积、成岩环境意义。研究结果表明：白垩系砂岩、泥质岩的粘土矿物组合以I+C+I/S型、I+C型为主,具有高伊利石含量,较高绿泥石、伊/蒙混层矿物含量的粘土矿物组成特点;其中泥质岩粘土矿物主要为陆源碎屑成因,次为沉积成岩过程中形成的自生粘土矿物,而砂岩粘土矿物兼有陆源碎屑成因和沉积成岩过程自生成因的特征;白垩系沉积时气候总体特征为干旱—半干旱,但局部时段发生干—湿气候波动而处于短暂的湿热气候环境;白垩系沉积物源富含长石等硅酸盐矿物,沉积物质主要自北、南、西向盆地内部搬运沉积;白垩系沉积和埋藏成岩过程中水介质整体上具有盐度较高,偏碱性,富K+、Fe2+、Mg2+的特点,且总体上盆地南部水介质中的这些指标都高于北部。     

马达加斯加南部Tranomaro地区矽卡岩型钍矿钍的赋存状态及钍矿物特征研究

Tranomaro地区钍矿化主要赋存在矽卡岩化Tranomaro辉岩中,其主要矿物成分有透辉石、方柱石和碳酸盐。钍以独立的钍矿物形式存在于辉岩中的辉石、方柱石、橄榄石及碳酸盐等矿物中,钍矿物大小为0.2～0.5mm,无共、伴生金属矿物。经电子探针测定,钍矿物的主要成分为ThO2、UO2和PbO,根据其成分特征和镜下特征确定钍矿物主要为方钍石和铀方钍石。赋矿主岩中无明显热液活动迹象,钍矿物主要形成于早（干）矽卡岩阶段。     

Discovery,Genesis and Significance of Metallic Minerals in Evaporate Series in the Kuqa Basin

A large-scale evaporate series is developed in Paleogene-Neogene strata in the Kuqa basin. The series is composed mainly of evaporate with thin beds of clastic rock (mainly mudstone and siltstone). In grayish white medium- and coarse-grained sandstone in Miocene strata, the formation of copper minerals is in close connection with brine. In joint planes, which are developed in vertical strata, are filled with gypsum. Gypsum and copper-mineralized sandstone contains enormous copper minerals, mainly atacamite. According to the SEM analysis for salt rock, gypsum rock, limestone, grayish green siltstone, grayish white medium-coarse-grained sandstone, some minerals are composed of metallic elements including Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, Ni and U etc., in which Au occurs in a native form, Cu occurs in a native form or as atacamite in salt rock, gypsum rock and limestone, Ag occurs as silver sulfide in gypsum, and Zn, Pb, Co, Ni, U occur as compounds along with the above metallic ions in evaporate or clastic rock. From SEM images, we can see that metallic elements or their compounds (oxides or sulfides) “take root” as grains in salt or gypsum crystals, which belong to primary chemical sedimentation along with evaporate, while some grains “float” on surface of salt or gypsum. In the former case, mineral grains were formed together with salt (gypsum) crystals; while in the latter case, minerals were enriched from internal metallic ions (Paleogene evaporate samples) or external metallic ions (Neogene gypsum samples) in the late stage of evaporate formation. The metallic ions in Paleogene evaporate samples might originate from weathered or denudated materials in the south Tianshan Mountains. The metallic ions in the Neogene evaporate samples might be from metal-bearing brine, which migrated upward to surface along fractures and leached into evaporate (gypsum). Occurrence of metallic minerals and their compounds (elementary substance) in Paleogene evaporate proves that diversified metallic minerals exist in evaporate. The source of metallic ions in the Neogene evaporate series shows that evaporate could provide materials for late-stage metallic mineralization.     

新疆北山地区坡十镁铁-超镁铁岩体的岩石学特征及其对成矿作用的指示

新疆北山地区的坡十镁铁-超镁铁岩体在钻孔剖面上主要由辉长岩、纯橄岩和二辉橄榄岩组成,各岩相在矿物含量上具有渐变过渡的关系,主要组成矿物橄榄石、单斜辉石和尖晶石的化学成分显示系统的变化,而底部的二辉橄榄岩中的矿物成分具有“边缘反转”现象.这些特征表明坡十岩体的形成主要受结晶分异作用控制,亦有明显的壳源混染痕迹.以反应边形式出现在辉石边部的角闪石的出现,尖晶石的分解现象,以及角闪石和金云母化学成分剖面上的系统变化揭示该岩体经历了堆晶后自上而下程度减弱的蚀变反应.在早期结晶的矿物相(橄榄石和尖晶石)中发现有硫化物颗粒或细脉产出,表明在岩浆演化的早期阶段确实发生了硫化物熔离的现象.硫化物总与含水矿物(金云母)或蚀变矿物(角闪石和蛇纹石)相伴生的特点显示铜镍硫化物的形成和沉淀不仅与壳源混染有关,而且也与堆晶后的蚀变反应密切相关.     

柴达木盆地西部新生代砂岩碎屑组分变化记录的沉积转型事件

应用砂岩碎屑成分分析法对柴达木盆地西部干柴沟地区新生代地层进行了系统的物源分析。砂岩组分镜下鉴定和含量统计分析结果表明,研究区内砂岩类型以长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,岩屑类型以沉积岩岩屑为主。镜下识别出一些标志性的矿物和岩屑,它们的出现及其含量在剖面垂向上的变化,指示柴达木盆地西部干柴沟地区上干柴沟组与下油砂山组界线附近的沉积物源发生了明显变化,说明柴达木盆地西部地区在渐新世与中新世之交约20Ma时发生了一次重大的沉积转型事件。这次沉积事件在青藏高原北部其他地区也可以找到一系列踪迹和响应,是探索青藏高原北缘构造隆升历史的一个重要界线。