框架结构振动台试验分析及数值模拟

设计了10层的框架结构模型,进行了单向及双向作用时不同频谱地震波输入下的振动台试验,对试验结果进行了对比分析,揭示了结构的动力特性及地震反应之间的联系。结果显示:加速度、层间位移和应变在地震波作用下的变化趋势是一致的,结构的层间位移和加速度沿层高的分布不一样;双向作用下结构的反应并不一定比单向作用时的反应大。并依据试验过程当中的测试数据,进行了相应的数值模拟,与实测结果进行了对比,吻合较好,可以为后续类似的研究工作提供借鉴。     

地铁车站结构大型振动台试验与数值模拟的比较研究

根据可液化土层上土-地铁车站结构动力相互作用大型振动台模型试验结果,以软件ABAQUS为平台,将地基土-地铁车站结构体系视为平面应变问题,采用记忆型嵌套面黏塑性动力本构模型模拟土体的动力特性,采用混凝土动塑性损伤模型模拟车站结构混凝土的动力特性,建立了土-地铁车站结构非线性动力相互作用的有限元分析模型,对各种试验工况下地基土-地铁车站结构体系的地震反应进行了数值模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比,结果表明:数值模拟与振动台模型试验结果基本一致,体现出了相似的规律性,相互印证了计算分析的力学建模和振动台试验结果的正确性。     

三层地铁车站振动台试验的数值模拟

进行了三层地铁车站大型振动台试验,获得了可靠的试验数据。通过室内实验获取了模型材料和土体材料的力学参数。基于ABAQUS有限元计算平台,建立了振动台试验的二维有限元模型,处理了混凝土本构模型及其参数的选取、土体本构模型及其参数的选取、阻尼设置、边界条件设置等问题。对多种工况下的试验结果和模拟结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,按照本文建议的建模方法,可以很好地重现振动台试验,数值模拟结果无论在趋势上还是数值上都和试验结果符合得很好。     

Shaking table test and numerical simulation of a 1/2‐scale self‐centering reinforced concrete frame

Self‐centering reinforced concrete frames are developed as an alternative of traditional seismic force‐resisting systems with better seismic performance and re‐centering capability. This paper presents an experimental and computational study on the seismic performance of self‐centering reinforced concrete frames. A 1/2‐scale model of a two‐story self‐centering reinforced concrete frame model was designed and tested on the shaking table in State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering at Tongji University to evaluate the seismic behavior of the structure. A structural analysis model, including detailed modeling of beam–column joints, column–base joints, and prestressed tendons, was constructed in the nonlinear dynamic modeling software OpenSEES. Agreements between test results and numerical solutions indicate that the designed reinforced concrete frame has satisfactory seismic performance and self‐centering capacity subjected to earthquakes; the self‐centering structures can undergo large rocking with minor residual displacement after the earthquake excitations; the proposed analysis procedure can be applied in simulating the seismic performance of self‐centering reinforced concrete frames. To achieve a more comprehensive evaluation on the performance of self‐centering structures, research on energy dissipation devices in the system is expected. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

子结构地震模拟振动台混合试验原理与实现

为了解决地震模拟振动台承载能力及台面尺寸对大型结构试验的限制,扩展振动台的功能,本文提出了子结构地震模拟振动台混合试验方法、试验过程及实时数值积分方法,并给出了试验子结构边界条件的两种模拟形式.通过一个简单框架结构的地震模拟振动台试验和子结构混合加载试验验证了该方法的可行性,并指出了该试验方法的主要技术问题.混合试验方法通过子结构技术和振动台试验相结合,解决了目前的地震模拟振动台试验和拟动力试验在设备规模和加载速度上的局限性.     

液化场地桩-土-桥梁结构地震相互作用振动台试验数值模拟方法研究

直接针对大型振动台模型试验,建立液化场地桩-土-桥梁结构地震相互作用数值模拟的二维分析模型和计算方法。根据桩基平面应变假定,将空间桩体转换成平面板桩,并考虑桩的尺寸效应;基于桩截面节点位移协调条件和平衡力系等效原理,建立四结点梁单元刚度矩阵且对Timoshenko梁杆单元刚度矩阵进行增广修正,以考虑桩的横向尺寸影响桩周土位移场分布的尺寸效应。根据有效应力原理进行土动反应分析,采用满足M asing准则的修正双曲线模型描述土动力变形的本构关系,同时考虑因孔压上升造成土体软化而对土动力性能的影响,由迭代法处理土的动力非线性。采用并联弹簧-阻尼器模拟计算域人工边界,以考虑边界波的反射作用对体系动力反应的干扰和土粘滞阻尼的影响。采用W ilson-θ逐步积分法计算体系的地震反应。通过与试验结果的对比分析,评估数值模拟的建模途径和计算方法的可靠性。     

An approach for shake table performance evaluation during repair and retrofit actions

Large‐scale, servo‐hydraulic shake tables are a central fixture of many earthquake engineering and structural dynamics laboratories. Wear and component failure from frequent use may lead to control problems resulting in reduced motion fidelity, necessitating repairs and replacement of major components. This paper presents a methodology to evaluate shake table performance pre‐ and post‐repair, including the definition of important performance metrics. The strategy suggested is presented in the context of the rebuilding of a 4.9 × 3.1 m, 350‐kN‐capacity uniaxial shake table. In this case, the rebuild consisted of characterization of wear to table components, replacement of worn bearing surfaces, and replacement of hydraulic accumulators. To assess the effectiveness of the repair actions, sinusoidal and triangular waves, white noise, and earthquake histories were run on the table before and after the rebuild. The repair actions were successful in reducing the position and velocity dependence of friction, improving the ability of control algorithms to accurately reproduce earthquake motions. The maximum and average response spectral misfits in the period range of 0.1–2 seconds were reduced from approximately 50% to 15%, and from 5% to less than 2.5%, respectively.     

基于振动台的动力子结构试验界面反力获取方法

基于振动台的实时子结构动力试验是一种新型的结构动力试验方法.该试验方法引入了“子结构”这一概念,不仅减小了常规振动台试验对于试验规模的限制,而且克服了拟动力子结构试验中无法考虑加载速率影响的问题.由于该试验方法将整体结构拆分为数值子结构和物理子结构两部分,二者之间通过交界面相互作用力实现实时数据交互,以保证子结构体系与...     

Shaking table test and numerical simulation of an RC frame‐core tube structure for earthquake‐induced collapse

The reinforced concrete frame‐core tube structure is a common form of high‐rise building; however, certain vertical components of these structures are prone to be damaged by earthquakes, debris flow, or other accidents, leaving no time for repair or retrofit. This study is motivated by a practical problem—that is, the seismic vulnerability and collapse resistant capability under future earthquakes when a vertical member has failed. A reduced scale model (1:15 scale) of a typical reinforced concrete frame‐core tube with a corner column removed from the first floor is designed, fabricated, and tested. The corner column is replaced by a jack, and the failure behavior is simulated by manually unloading the jack. The model is then excited by a variety of seismic ground motions on the shaking table. Experimental results concerning the seismic responses and actual process of collapse are presented herein. Finally, the earthquake‐induced collapse process is simulated numerically using the software program ANSYS/LS‐DYNA. Validation and calibration of the model are carried out by comparison with the experimental results. Furthermore, based on both experimental investigations and numerical simulations, the collapse mechanism is discussed, and some suggestions on collapse design are put forward. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

混合结构体系高层建筑模拟地震振动台试验研究

随着现代建筑高度的不断增加,混合结构体系在超高层建筑中逐步广泛应用,因此对该结构体系在地震作用下的破坏机理和抗震性能展开深入的研究是一项有意义的工作。本文对一混合结构体系复杂超高层建筑进行1／35的模型模拟地震振动台试验,分析模型结构的动力特性和不同烈度地震作用下加速度、位移和应变反应,然后根据相似关系推算出原型结构的动力特性和反应,研究其在各水准地震作用下的破坏机理和破坏形式,最后对原型结构设计提出若干建议。     

Shaking table test and numerical analysis of a 1：12 scale model of a special concentrically braced steel frame with pinned connections

<正>This paper describes shaking table tests of a 1:12 scale model of a special concentrically braced steel frame with pinned connections,which was fabricated according to a one-bay braced frame selected from a typical main factory building of a large thermal power plant.In order to investigate the seismic performance of this type of structure,several ground motion accelerations with different levels for seismic intensityⅧ,based on the Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings,were selected to excite the model.The results show that the design methods of the members and the connections are adequate and that the structural system will perform well in regions of high seismicity.In addition to the tests,numerical simulations were also conducted and the results showed good agreement with the test results.Thus,the numerical model is shown to be accurate and the beam element can be used to model this structural system.     

Shaking table tests and numerical analyses of an RC coupled wall structure with replaceable coupling beams

The replaceable coupling beam (RCB) is an innovative structural component developed to increase the seismic resilience of reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall structures. In this study, two 1/5‐scale 5‐story 3‐dimensional RC shear wall structures—one with conventional RC coupling beams and the other with RCBs—were designed, constructed, and tested on a shaking table. The failure pattern, dynamic properties, and structural responses, including the acceleration, displacement, story force, and strain responses, of the 2 structures are compared under earthquake excitations. The test results demonstrate that the seismic performance of the structure with RCBs was improved when RCBs were working compared with the structure with conventional RC coupling beams. In addition, the replaceable devices suffering the severe damage during an earthquake can be conveniently replaced after the earthquake. However, after the sudden failure of RCBs during the severe earthquakes, the inter‐story drift and floor acceleration of the structure with RCBs became larger. The design and manufacture quality of RCBs should be improved to avoid the sudden failure. Then, numerical models for the test structures were established using the commercial software PERFORM‐3D. Numerical simulations of the tests were conducted. The simulation results correspond well with the experimental results, thus verifying the accuracy of the numerical models. The RC shear wall structure installed with RCBs can be applied as a new type of earthquake‐resilient structure in engineering practice.     

Shaking table testing and numerical simulation of the seismic response of a typical Mexican colonial temple

A shaking table testing program was undertaken with the main objective of providing basic information for the calibration of analytical models, and procedures for determining seismic response of typical stone masonry temples of the 16–18th centuries stone masonry construction in Mexico. A typical colonial temple was chosen as a prototype. A model at a 1:8 geometric scale was built with the same materials and techniques as the prototype, and was subjected to horizontal and vertical motions of increasing intensities. The maximum applied intensity corresponded to a base shear force of about 58 of the total building weight. Vertical component of the base motion significantly affected the response and increased the damage of the model. Damage patterns were similar to those observed in actual temples. Damping coefficients of the response ranged from 7 for undamaged state, reached about 14 for severe damage. The main features of the measured response were compared with those computed using a nonlinear, finite element model; for the latter, a constitutive law developed for plain concrete was adopted for reproducing cracking and crushing of the irregular stone masonry. Observed damage patterns as well as measured response could be reproduced with reasonable accuracy by the analytical simulation, except for some local vibrations, as those at the top of the bell towers. It can be concluded that the simple constitutive law adopted for the simulation was able to reproduce the experimental response with reasonable level of accuracy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Shake table testing and numerical simulation of a self‐centering energy dissipative braced frame

The self‐centering energy dissipative (SCED) brace is a new steel bracing member that provides both damping to the structure and a re‐centering capability. The goal of this study was to confirm the behavior of SCED braces within complete structural systems and to confirm the ability to model these systems with both a state‐of‐the‐art computer model as well as a simplified model that would be useful to practicing engineers. To these ends, a three‐story SCED‐braced frame was designed and constructed for testing on a shake table. Two concurrent computer models of the entire frame were constructed: one using the opensees nonlinear dynamic modeling software, and a simplified model using the commercial structural analysis software sap2000 . The frame specimen was subjected to 12 significant earthquakes without any adjustment or modification between the tests. The SCED braces prevented residual drifts in the frame, as designed, and did not show any significant degradation due to wear. Both numerical models were able to predict the drifts, story shears, and column forces well. Peak story accelerations were overestimated in the models; this effect was found to be caused by the absence of transitions at stiffness changes in the hysteretic model of the braces. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

在振动台模型试验中黏滞阻尼器的设计方法

通过有限元分析,计算出原型结构中黏滞阻尼器的合理参数,然后利用阻尼力相似原则,对原型结构中黏滞阻尼器参数进行相似比运算,转化为模型结构中的黏滞阻尼器参数.运用该方法,在连续梁桥纵向消能减震振动台试验中设计模型黏滞阻尼器,从试验结果来看,黏滞阻尼器发挥了良好的消能减震效果.     

基于ABAQUS高层剪力墙结构的有限元建模及其振动台试验验证

采用ABAQUS建立12层剪力墙结构的有限元模型,利用该结构1/5缩尺模型振动台试验时预留试块的材性试验结果及相似关系,确定相应原型结构材料的性能参数,将试验参数和我国混凝土结构设计规范给出的混凝土单轴受拉/压应力-应变关系曲线相结合,确定ABAQUS模型中混凝土损伤塑性模型所需的应力-应变参数;将试验参数和张劲公式法相结合,确定ABAQUS模型中混凝土损伤塑性模型所需的损伤因子参数。对比有限元分析结果和振动台试验结果,验证参数设置的有效性。ABAQUS有限元分析和振动台试验所得原型结构前三阶振型和自振周期相差很小,说明ABAQUS模型和参数设置能够反映并用于计算实际结构的弹性响应。ABAQUS有限元分析得到的结构损伤情况与试验模型的损伤情况基本一致;结构的顶点加速度曲线和滞回曲线等响应的有限元分析结果与试验结果在多遇地震作用下基本吻合,但由于振动台试验累积损伤的影响,两者的差异随着地震波幅值的增大而逐渐增大;ABAQUS有限元分析得到的位移包络曲线与剪力墙结构弯曲变形的特点相符。以上弹塑性分析结果进一步表明了ABAQUS模型和参数设置能够很好地模拟结构在地震作用下的响应。     

Improved external device for a mass‐carrying sliding system for shaking table testing

Shaking tables are suitable facilities to assess and validate the behavior of structures and nonstructural components under actual seismic actions. Because of the size and weight limitations of the tables, some approaches, like testing reduced‐scale models or testing only the main structural components, are deemed necessary. In these cases, to comply with modeling requirements, large amount of extra‐mass should be added to the specimen. Therefore, to avoid the risk of lateral instability of models, to maintain the weight of test specimens within table payload, while maintaining the amount of mass needed, an external device for transmitting the inertia forces to the models using an improved sliding system is proposed. Although friction devices for similar purposes have been developed using sliding bearings (Teflon pads or rollers), the measured coefficient of dynamic friction and the energy dissipated by friction have been very high. In order to drastically diminish the damping added to the specimen response when a friction device is used, the improved device employs a linear motion guide system (LMGS) with very low friction. Shaking table tests to collapse of reinforced concrete walls were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed device. Measured dynamic friction coefficients, spectral accelerations and hysteresis loops show that friction developed in the LMGS did not add any significant amount of damping into the specimen response. Thus, the proposed device is a reliable and suitable mass‐carrying sliding system (MCSS) for dynamic testing using medium‐size shaking tables. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

环向空间预应力结构模型振动台试验研究

某新建国际网球赛馆为大型空间预应力混合结构。其主赛馆看台为倒锥形现浇预应力混凝土结构,屋盖为开闭式钢结构。对该结构进行了缩尺模型的振动台试验,根据几何相似和预应力等效的原则,研究解决了小比例振动台模型中预应力筋配置和预应力施工的技术课题,探索了该类旋转对称、高宽比较小的空间结构不同于普通高层结构的振动测试布置方法。试验验证了这一结构以扭转为主的振型特点,揭示了环向预应力在保证结构维持罕遇地震作用下的整体性上的重要作用,并对工程作出了抗震性能评价。     

楼板隔震消能结构的振动台试验研究

用同一个单层钢框架结构模型,分别做成传统结构体系和楼板隔震消能结构体系。模型在每一种结构体系下分别做模拟地震振动台试验,先后在x向按7度小震和大震烈度输入E l Centro波、Taft波和天津波,比较单层钢框架模型在两种结构体系下的地震反应。试验结果表明,采用楼板隔震消能结构体系能够显著减小结构的加速度反应和底部剪力反应。     

大型振动台模型的相对位移测量

本文指出目前在大型振动台的模型试验中相对位移测量存在的问题,提出了一种新的,有效的测量方案,并指出相对位移测量的重要性。