SURVEY FOR COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

The Inaugural General Meeting of the newly-formed Land Surveying Division of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors was held at the Headquarters of the Institution in London on Wednesday, 14th December, 1949, when the following paper was read by Brigadier M. Hotine, C.M.G., C.B.E., F.R.I.C.S., Director of Colonial Surveys. This meeting, which is the precursor of others that are to be held in future at regular intervals, is of particular importance to surveyors since it was the first occasion on which those of them who had joined the Institution recently, but. werenot members oj any of the Committees appointed in connection with theformation of the Land Surveying Division, had been able to meet together as a separate Division of the I nstitu.tion, and thus to take their part in one of the Institution's normal activities. Brigadier Hotine's paper, together with an account of the Proceedings of the meeting, was published in the January issue of the Journal of the Institution and readers who belong to the Institution will thus already have had an opportunity of reading it. A large number of our readers, however, do not belong to the Institution, and do not see the Journal, and hence, and especially considering the special importance of the occasion and the intrinsic interest to all land surveyors of the subject with which the paper dealt, we have obtained the kind permission of the Editor to reproduce from the Journal the text of the paper and of the discussion which preceded and followed it.     

DEVIATION OF THE VERTICAL. DISCUSSION

Abstract

The following is a report of the discussion on the paper by Mr. A. R. Robbins on “Deviation of the Vertical” which was read at a meeting of the Land Surveying Division of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors held on Tuesday, 12th December, 1950, and which was published in the January issue of this Review (xi, 79, 28–36).     

国土资源管理部门业务会议辅助系统的研制

国土资源管理部门的业务会议需要显示、查询多种与空间数据相关的报建审批资料,常规的GIS难以满足会议简捷、便利的应用需求,需开发针对性的系统。本文基于实践经验讨论了这类会议辅助系统研制的技术路线,提出了系统的服务目标、结构设计、功能设计及数据组织。为提高国土资源部门业务会议的效率和决策科学性,提供了有力的信息技术手段。     

MAPGIS数据向ARCGIS转换研究

在将MapGIS文件向ArcGIS文件转换的过程中,为使文件正确显示,按照目前通用的方法转换后通常需要进行复杂的手工调整,而转换的数据量较大,这将耗费大量的人力、物力和时间。本次设计的实施方案就是避免采用中间格式(如E00)进行转换,运用VB编程语言对这两个GIS平台进行二次开发。通过MapGIS提供的MapGIS SDK开发包调用相应的接口实现对MapGIS图形数据文件的访问,通过ArcGIS提供的开发包ArcOBJECTS调用相应的接口实现数据向目标文件的写入和文件的生成。开发出可以实现MapGIS到ArcGIS进行数据无损转换的工具。实现ArcGIS平台对MapGIS数据的有效读取。     

SURVEYING AND HIGHWAY DESIGN

The Technical Meeting of the Society, held on 16th December, 1969, took the form of a discussion between members of the Society, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors and the Institution of Highway Engineers. Several topics of importance to surveying and highway design were considered, including the questions of accuracy, the use of Ordnance Survey maps, checking, height information, specifications and the communication of new ideas and information to engineers, surveyors and photogrammetrists working in this field.     

基于庞卡莱代数边界理论的三维地籍TEN模型

针对空间权属单元排他性特征,本文对不规则四面体格网的拓扑关系进行有效性筛分,细化出9种有效拓扑关系并对其进行描述,同时,建立相应拓扑规则,完成TEN模型改进并应用于三维地籍建模。基于庞卡莱边界代数和理论,推演了空间权属单元的合并算法,使其聚合为多胞元复合体,用以模拟权属空间。通过分析,提出10个剖分规则,实现了TEN复合体的分割。在VC++开发环境下,对合并与剖分进行了编程实现。实验证明,改进后的地籍TEN模型具有拓扑关系精练、易于实现的优点,能有效构建真三维权属空间,不失为一种简单高效的三维地籍建模方法。     

GAMIT使用指南

GAMIT是美国麻省理工学院（MIT）和斯克里普斯海洋研究所（SIO）开发的GPS分析软件，本文简要介绍了GAMT安装使用方法。     

PHOTOGRAMMETRIC INSTRUMENTATION AND METHODS AT OPERATIONAL LEVEL

Following a successful meeting in 1971, the Photogrammetric Society held a second symposium at the University of Birmingham on 31st March and 1 st April, 1973. Four papers were delivered. The first considered the problems of the instrument operator and the contribution which he was able to make to the development of techniques and instrumentation. The second paper examined the status of the optical transfer function in lens calibration. Participants were able to look back and appreciate the early use of air survey methods, particularly in India, during the third paper and then turn to consider the present position of photogrammetry during the final paper.     

The deflection of the vertical of major geodetic datums and the semimajor axis of the Earth's ellipsoid as obtained from satellite observations

The geocentric (terrestrial) coordinates of the 12 Baker-Nunn stations are derived from an analysis of 46,535 observations of 13 different satellites, and the absolute deflection of the vertical for 7 datums is determined. Based on those deflections of the vertical and through geoidal fit, the value of a=6.378169 Mm for the semimajor axis of the earth's ellipsoid is derived. Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical Observatory     

无人机技术在日常地籍测绘中的应用

随着经济的发展,不动产权变更的工作也日益增多。因地区发展差异,赤峰地区在2006年以前地籍数据并未纳入国家坐标系,为此,加重了日常地籍测绘工作。城区的观测条件,如高层楼房与电力设施等不利因素给测量带来巨大不便,而无人机测绘技术在实际应用中体现了巨大的优势与可能性,其精度也保证了测绘质量需求。     

《地理空间信息》期刊被指定为湖北省测绘地理信息学会与英国皇家测量师学会合作顶目官后交换刊物

2012年,英国皇家特许测量师学会(RICS)与湖北省测绘地理信息学会在武汉签署合作协议。原湖北省测绘綱言息局相关领导出席仪式。英国皇家特许测量师学会亚洲区商务发展总监Darren Jensen先生、湖北省测绘地理信息学会理事长张建仁同志分别代表双方在协议书上签字。     

Automated Geocoding of Textual Documents: A Survey of Current Approaches

This survey article describes previous research addressing text‐based document geocoding, i.e. the task of predicting the geospatial coordinates of latitude and longitude, that best correspond to an entire document, based on its textual contents. We describe (1) early document geocoding systems that use heuristics over place names mentioned in the text (e.g. names of cities and states), (2) probabilistic language modeling approaches, where generative models are built for different regions in the world (usually considering a discretization based on a rectangular grid) from the words occurring in a set of georeferenced training documents, which are then used to predict per‐region probabilities for previously unseen test documents, (3) combinations of different models and heuristics, including clustering procedures, feature selection approaches, and/or language models built from different sources, and (4) recent approaches based on discriminative classification models.     

British military education,mapmaking, and military 'map-mindedness' in the later Enlightenment

Abstract

The Military Institution at Madras (1804–16) illustrates the centrality of surveying and mapping to late Enlightenment concepts of 'military science' and thus their centrality to the education of junior officers beyond the rudiments of military lore and drill. Pragmatically, the institution's field mapping exercises were used to provide basic topographic maps for south-east India (the Carnatic); the institution's students were also intended to serve after graduation on survey duty elsewhere in southern India. Intellectually, mapmaking was held to epitomise the 'scientific spirit' which military reformers desired to inculcate in the young ensigns: it combined mathematical and logical thought (theory) with concrete military results (practice). These last points underlie the conceptual issues of the early nineteenth-century militarisation of government cartography in Europe and the increasing 'map-mindedness' of military thinkers.     

NOTE ON THOMPSON'S ANALYSIS OF THE IMPROVEMENT RESULTING FROM THE USE OF A RESEAU IN AIR TRIANGULATION AT THE ORDNANCE SURVEY

Abstract

1. In a paper on “Some Recent Developments in Photogrammetry” which he read recently at the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors and which has now been published in the Institution's Journal, Lieut.-Col. E. H. Thompson, R.E., expounded the advantages of using a reseau ruled on the glass pressure plate of the camera in order to obtain a calibrated grid on each photograph.     

COMMONWEALTH SURVEY OFFICERS CONFERENCE, 1951

Abstract

The Conference of Commonwealth Survey Officers which was held in London between Monday, 9th July, and Friday, 20th July, 1951, was the fifth of its kind, the last one having been held in 1947. Meetings took place in the Lecture Hall of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, which body also put a comfortable lounge at the disposal of delegates and provided other amenities which added considerably to their comfort and were much appreciated.     

通用网络地理数据接口的GML实现

GML已成为大家所接受并容易理解的一种适于网络的通用空间数据接口。本文设计了符合OGC标准的GML Application Schema(应用模式)文档并生成对应的GML文档数据,文中给出了模式文档的部分代表性元素的实现代码,并作出了相应的说明。该Schema文档可以作为对应。XML数据文件的校验依据,并进一步成为书写和读写这些数据文件源代码的基础。     

Transit and GPS—A report on geodetic positioning activities

The Fourth International Geodetic Symposium on Satellite Positioning was held in Austin, Texas from 28 April to 2 May 1986. The symposium was organized as a forum for the discussion of recent geodetic activities related to precise positioning using observations from the Navy Navigation Satellite System (Transit) and the NAVSTAR Golbal Positioning System (GPS). In addition, the sympsium promoted an exchange of ideas on the future direction of GPS geodetic activities and provided a summary of the status, policy, and plans for both the GPS and Transit systems. This report summarizes the proceedings of the meeting.     

Options for accounting carbon sequestration in German forests

Background  

The Accra climate change talks held from 21–27 August 2008 in Accra, Ghana, were part of an ongoing series of meetings leading up to the Copenhagen meeting in December 2009. During the meeting a set of options for accounting carbon sequestration in forestry on a post-2012 framework was presented. The options include gross-net and net-net accounting and approaches for establishing baselines.     

基于GAMIT的IGS跟踪站网基线解算

简要阐述了应用GAMIT软件进行数据准备和数据处理的方法,在数据处理部分采用了批处理和分步处理两种方法,并结合国际地球力学服务组织(IGS)跟踪站部分站点所构成的控制网数据进行基线解算和精度分析。结果表明:GAMIT软件解算中长基线的相对精度能达到10-9量级,完全满足各级精度要求。     

The international reference ionosphere today and in the future

The international reference ionosphere (IRI) is the internationally recognized and recommended standard for the specification of plasma parameters in Earth’s ionosphere. It describes monthly averages of electron density, electron temperature, ion temperature, ion composition, and several additional parameters in the altitude range from 60 to 1,500 km. A joint working group of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) and the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) is in charge of developing and improving the IRI model. As requested by COSPAR and URSI, IRI is an empirical model being based on most of the available and reliable data sources for the ionospheric plasma. The paper describes the latest version of the model and reviews efforts towards future improvements, including the development of new global models for the F2 peak density and height, and a new approach to describe the electron density in the topside and plasmasphere. Our emphasis will be on the electron density because it is the IRI parameter most relevant to geodetic techniques and studies. Annual IRI meetings are the main venue for the discussion of IRI activities, future improvements, and additions to the model. A new special IRI task force activity is focusing on the development of a real-time IRI (RT-IRI) by combining data assimilation techniques with the IRI model. A first RT-IRI task force meeting was held in 2009 in Colorado Springs. We will review the outcome of this meeting and the plans for the future. The IRI homepage is at .