变生褐帘石的红外光谱研究

研究了不同程度变生褐帘石及其热处理样品的红外光谱变化特征，提出其变生的红外光谱定量标志──变生反M＝■（6-N）（N为750-200Cm-1范围的谱带数）。分析了变生作用中褐帘石晶格内离子基团的变化，结合晶体结构分析，提出褐帘石红外光谱中450、510cm－1附近的两个谱带分别系结构内孤立硅氧四面体SiO4及群体硅氧四面体Si2O7的弯曲振动谱带。     

变生褐帘石的红外光谱研究

研究了不同程度变生褐帘石及其热处理样品的红外光谱变化特征，提出其变生的红外光谱定量标志－变生度Ｍ＝１／５（６－Ｎ）（Ｎ为７５０－２００Ｃｍ＾－１范围的谱带数）。分析了变生作用中褐帘石晶格内离子基团的变化，结合晶体结构分析，提出褐帘石红外光谱中４５０、５１０ｃｍ＾－１附近的两个谱带分别系结构内孤立硅氧四面体ＳｉＯ４及群体硅氧四面体Ｓｉ２Ｏ７的弯曲振动谱带。     

广西龙塘蚀变流纹岩风化剖面中水磷铈石的发现及其意义

通过对发育在蚀变流纹岩之上的龙塘原地风化剖面样品进行ICP-MS和高分辨率电子探针分析,在初期风化样品的针铁矿中发现稀土磷酸盐矿物水磷铈石。水磷铈石呈微小的粒状,粒径在3~10μm之间,其产状特征明显区别于以前国外报道的交代磷灰石、独居石和褐帘石,表明它是在风化作用过程中含稀土与磷酸盐的矿物(如独居石)先被完全溶解,然后又在针铁矿上富集而形成。研究还表明,风化剖面中水磷铈石的形成并未产生铈的分异作用,因此将其作为缺氧环境的证据是有问题的。     

"泰顺石"的矿物学特征及其对成因的指示

"泰顺石"是产于浙江省温州市泰顺县龟湖镇的一种叶蜡石型雕刻石,占据着一定的市场份额."泰顺石"中叶蜡石根据成因可分为热液交代型和热液充填型两类.目前,关于"泰顺石"的形成过程及环境、温压条件等的认识仍然较为缺乏,尤其对于"泰顺石"形成的蚀变演化过程仍然存在着较大的争议.本文利用偏光显微镜、X射线粉晶衍射仪、激光拉曼光谱仪、X射线荧光光谱仪等对其矿物学特征进行研究,并分析其形成环境以及成矿过程.结果表明,"泰顺石"以高硅叶蜡石型和高铝叶蜡石型为主,主要矿物组成为叶蜡石,并含有少量的石英、硬水铝石、高岭石、伊利石、赤铁矿、刚玉等.热液交代型叶蜡石表现为叶蜡石交代围岩中长石和硬水铝石形成交代残余结构和交代假象结构,热液充填型叶蜡石表现为叶蜡石在成矿后期充填于裂隙中,硬水铝石和刚玉为叶蜡石形成过程中共生矿物,在"泰顺石"中分别表现为石钉和蓝钉."泰顺石"的矿物组合直接或间接记录了成矿过程中热液交代流纹质晶屑凝灰岩的围岩蚀变过程,如叶蜡石化、硬水铝石化等,红色"泰顺石"样品中赤铁矿的存在可能指示了成矿后期向氧化环境发生了转变,这些矿物组合特征指示了"泰顺石"可能形成于300～410(±10)℃的中温环境.     

褐钇铌矿族矿物变生非晶态的高温相变研究

采用高温X射线衍射分析和退火结晶实验，研究了褐钇铌矿族矿物变生非晶态的高温相变关系。确认自然界稳定存在T（四方）和M（单斜）两种变,体，高温下还存在另一个四方变体T′。T，M和T′三者间关系为：T＞730－880℃／→T′＜730－880℃／→／←M。相变湿度受A组阳离子的平均离子半径控制。进而讲座了T和T′的结构差异，并指出相对于T′的晶格畸变是T相室温稳定的原因。此外，还讨论了变生非晶态的结构，提出了鉴定变生非晶态原生相的有效方法，并在白云鄂博矿床中鉴定出本族矿物6种12个亚种矿物，首次给出了本族矿物新成员－－T－褐钕铌矿的X射线粉晶数据。     

广东新丰稀土花岗岩中褐帘石LA-ICP-MS的U-Th-Pb定年研究

褐帘石是一种常见的副矿物,是岩石中LREE、Th、U和Sr等微量元素的重要载体。由于Th、U可以在褐帘石中以类质同象形式进入并富集于其晶格,因而褐帘石是一种良好的年代学研究对象。但是,由于褐帘石中含有不同含量的普通铅,分析结果中的普通铅扣除成为难题,这就使得近年来褐帘石U-Th-Pb定年的应用受到很大的限制。本文通过激光熔样-电感耦合等离子质谱(LA-ICP-MS)原位分析技术,对广东新丰稀土花岗岩中褐帘石单颗粒矿物进行了原位分析,运用232 Th/206Pb066 c-208Pb/2Pbc等时线(206 Pbc为普通20Pb的含量)方法,再根据等时线年龄利用铅同位素演化两阶段模型扣除普通铅的方式,对建立单颗粒褐帘石的U-Th-Pb激光定年方法进行了探讨。运用该方法对广东新丰稀土花岗岩中单颗粒褐帘石进行分析得出的年龄约为160Ma,与早期通过岩浆锆石U-Pb定年法得出的年龄(159~165Ma)十分相似。褐帘石的微量元素、δEu、Th/U比值和普通铅含量均显示其为特征的岩浆成因褐帘石。褐帘石定年这一定年方法具有简单、方便、准确的特点,对于确定含此矿物的岩体年龄,尤其是对成矿花岗岩的岩体形成时代将发挥重大作用,具有非常良好和广泛的应用前景。     

我国新疆发现的砷锶铝石

砷锶铝石发现于新疆的含金蚀变带,与之共生的矿物有磁铁矿、石榴子石、锆石和磷灰石等。砷锶铝石为白色,玻璃光泽,比重3.65,摩氏硬度3.1—3.2。折光率值No=1.698,Ne=1.701,一轴晶(-)。文中提供了砷锶铝石的化学成分和X射线粉晶衍射值。     

褐帘石及其次生物的研究

褐帘石发生蚀变后,其次生物的化学成分变化很大,除SiO_2外,A1、Ce~(4+)增高一倍以上,而Fe、Ti、Mg、Ca及多种稀土成分几乎全部消失。另外,其次生物在物相上也发生了转化,生成高岭石、埃洛石、方饰石和铁质等集合体。在湿热多雨、植被茂密地段,岩体中褐帘石的大量存在并发生次生成矿作用,是形成湖南姑婆山风化壳型稀土矿床的有利地带。     

X射线粉晶衍射法在变粒岩鉴定与分类中的应用

变粒岩的鉴定通常以显微镜鉴定技术为主,但在显微镜下区分颗粒细小的长石、石英及绿泥石、蒙脱石、云母等层状硅酸盐矿物十分困难,仅通过显微鉴定技术对变粒岩进行定名可能产生较大误差,这对地质填图和原岩恢复工作会造成一些偏差,导致得出错误的地质结论。随着X射线衍射分析技术的发展,该技术已广泛应用于矿物学和岩石学的研究,本研究将结合X射线粉晶衍射技术,对显微镜下难以区分的细小矿物进行鉴定。共选用23件变粒岩样品,利用X射线粉晶衍射分析和显微镜岩石薄片鉴定技术,对变粒岩矿物组分进行检测,用X射线粉晶衍射矿物半定量分析结果验证岩石薄片鉴定结果准确性。显微镜岩石薄片鉴定结果与X射线粉晶衍射物相分析结果对比显示,10件样品定名一致,其余13件样品详细定名有差异。通过分析产生差异的原因,可以认为显微镜岩石薄片鉴定优势在于能确定岩石结构和构造,以及常见矿物组分;X射线粉晶衍射法的优势在于能检测出显微镜下较难区分的细小石英和长石颗粒的相对含量,并能检测出颗粒较小的绿泥石、蒙脱石及云母等层状硅酸盐矿物,该方法对含量较少、颗粒较细的矿物检测效果较好。实验证明将显微岩石薄片鉴定技术和X射线粉晶衍射技术相结合,才能更准确对变粒岩进行定名,为地学研究提供更符合客观实际的技术数据和分析结论。     

我国羟硅铈矿的发现与矿物学特征

本文研究的羟硅铈矿是国内首次发现的该种矿物,产于河南太平镇稀土矿的破碎带蚀变岩中,与铈褐帘石、gatelite-(Ce)、富氟硅铈石、氟碳铈矿、直氟碳钙铈矿、氟铈矿、氟镧矿等稀土矿物紧密共生,多呈铈褐帘石假象细粒状集合体或与gatelite-(Ce)平行交生沿外围交代铈褐帘石产出,粒径一般小于0.1 mm,为自形-半自形,粒状-板状。该矿物呈浅绿色至橄榄绿色,透明,玻璃光泽,不规则断口,摩氏硬度约为4.5,计算密度5.08 g/cm3。光学性质:二轴晶,正光性,多色性明显,单偏光下呈绿色,正交偏光下具有鲜艳的高级干涉色。电子探针分析显示,矿物成分w(Ce_2O_3) 32.05%～34.26%,w(La_2O_3) 13.67%～17.66%,w(Pr_2O_3) 2.92%～3.68%,w(Nd_2O_3) 7.52%～10.34%,w(Al_2O_3) 8.59%～10.93%,w(SiO_2) 21.35%～24.97%,按照Si+P=2(apfu)计算单位分子式中阳离子数,OH+F=1(apfu)计算单位分子式中羟基的离子数,得出该矿物的经验化学式为(Ce1.02La0.49Nd0.27Pr0.10 Sm0.02Gd0.01Th0.01Mg0.06 Ca0.01)Σ2.00 (Al0.99Fe0.03)Σ1.02(SiO4)Σ2.00(OH0.81F0.19)Σ1.00。X射线单晶衍射分析表明,该矿物属于单斜晶系,晶胞参数:a=7.4382(3)?, b=5.6730(2)?, c=16.9819(8)?,β=118.84(0)°, Z=4, V=655.13(5)?3,空间群为P21/c。矿物的激光拉曼光谱特征峰主要为241、362,862、895、954和3722cm-1等,上述特征均与国外已发表的羟硅铈矿数据非常相似,是对羟硅铈矿分子振动光谱特征的首次探索。本文还对羟硅铈矿的矿物族归属以及矿物成因进行了初步的探讨。     

The Blosseville Coast basalts of East Greenland: Their occurrence,composition and temporal variations

In the system CaO-MgO-A1₂O₃-SiO₂ the tie lines connecting anorthite with other phases are sequentially broken down with increasing pressure according to the following univariant reactions: anorthite+ enstatite_ss+sillimanite pyrope-grossular_ss+quartz (3), anorthite+enstatite_ss pyrope-grossular_ss+diopside_ss+quartz (2), anorthite+pyrope-grossular_ss+ quartz diopside_ss+kyanite (4) and anorthite+diopside_ss grossular-pyrope_ss +kyanite+quartz (8). At 1,200 ° C these reactions occur at 14.5± 0.5, 15.5±0.5, 19.5±0.5 and 26.4±1 kilobar and have positive slopes (dP/dT) of 1±0.5, 2.8±0.5, 13.3±0.5 and 24±2bars/°C respectively. An invariant point involving kyanite rather than sillimanite, occurs at 850 °C±25 °C and 14.5±0.5kbar at the intersection of reactions (3), (2) and (4). Reaction(4) exhibits significant curvature with an increase in dP/dT from 13.3±0.5 to 18.5± 0.5 bars/°C between 1,050° and 850° C. The pressure at which the complete grossular-pyrope join is stable with quartz is estimated at 41 ± 1 kbar at 1,200 ° C. The pressure at which garnet appears according to reaction (2) is lowered by 5 kbar for a composition with anorthite and orthopyroxene (En_0.5Fs_0.5). Enstatite and plagioclase (An_0.5Ab_0.5) first produce garnet at 2 kbar higher pressure than enstatite and pure anorthite (reaction (2)). The calcium content of garnet in various divariant assemblages is relatively insensitive to temperature but very sensitive to pressure, it is therefore a useful geobarometer. At metamorphic temperatures of 700–850 °C pressures of 8–10 kbar are required for the formation of quartz-bearing garnet granulites containing calcic plagioclase and with (Mg/Mg+Fe) bulk = 0.5.     

A new X-Ray method to determine the anorthite content and structural state of plagioclases

The possibility of converting a plagioclase into its K-equivalent (Viswanathan, 1970) has given a new simple method to determine its anorthite content. The 4 values of the reflections 201 and 400 in the powder patterns of K-plagioclases vary almost linearly with anorthite content and are practically independent of structural state. Hence either of them or both can be used for the determination of anorthite content. The structural state of acidic plagioclases can be estimated approximately by plotting the 4 values of the lines, 204 and 060, in Fig. 2. This method is particularly useful for determining the anorthite content of plagioclases in fine-grained rocks and synthetic products where other methods including electron microprobe analyser fail.     

Low-O18 Igneous Rocks from the Intrusive Complexes of Skye, Mull, and Ardnamurchan, Western Scotland

Oxygen isotope analyses have been obtained on rocks and coexistingminerals from the Tertiary stocks, ring-dikes, and cone-sheetsin Ardnamurchan (18 samples), Skye (41 samples), and Mull (18samples); these include a few samples of the plateau basaltcountry rocks. Almost all of the rocks in the vicinity of thecentral ring complexes (within 2 mi. of an intrusive contact)are strongly depleted in O¹⁸ relative to ‘normal’igneous rocks from other areas. The rocks in Skye ( 150 sq.mi.) and Mull ( 150 sq. mi.) have suffered an overall O¹⁸ depletionof about 6 to 7 per mil, and those in Ardnamurchan ( 30 sq.mi.) about 3 to 6 per mil. These data indicate that very large hydrothermal convectionsystems involving heated low. O¹⁸ meteoric ground waters wereestablished in these areas at the time of igneous intrusion.The heated ground waters exchanged with the gabbros, granities,and basaltic lavas, locaclly lowering their O¹⁸/ O¹⁶ rationsby at least 12 per mil. Much, if not all, of this exchange occurredafter crystallization of a given igneous rock was essentiallycomplete, inasmuch as feldspars invariably have undergone muchmore depletion in O¹⁸ than has coexisting quartz or pyroxen.The meteoric-hydrothermal process and the presence of an aqueousgas phase may possibly be responsible for the widespread epidote-chloritealteration, the turbid or cloudy feldspars, the abundant feldspathicveins, the felsitic and granophyric textures, the miaroliticcavities, and much of the explosive volcanic activity and brecciationthat are found in these areas.     

An Experimental Study of Fe-Al Solubility in the System Corundum-Hematite up to 40 kbar and 1300{degrees}C

The mutual solubility in the system corundum–hematite[-(Al, Fe³⁺)₂O₃] was investigated experimentally using bothsynthetic and natural materials. Mixtures of -Al₂O₃ and -Fe₂O₃(weight ratios of 8:2 and 10:1) were used as starting materialsfor synthesis experiments in air at 800–1300°C withrun times of 7–34 days. Experiments at 8–40 kbarand 490–1100°C were performed in a piston-cylinderapparatus (run times of 0·8–7·4 days) usinga natural diasporite consisting of 60–70 vol. % diasporeand 20–30 vol. % Ti-hematite. During the diasporite–corunditetransformation, the FeTiO₃ component (12–18 mol %) ofTi-hematite only slightly increased, implying that oxygen fugacitywas maintained at high values. Run products were studied byelectron microprobe and X-ray diffraction (Rietveld) techniques.An essentially linear volume of mixing exists in the solid solutionwith a slight positive deviation at the hematite side. Up to1000°C, corundum contains <4 mol % Fe₂O₃ and hematite<10 mol % Al₂O₃; at 1200°C these amounts increase to9·3 and 17·0 mol %, respectively. At 1300°Chematite was no longer stable and coexists with the orthorhombic phase . The present results agree with corundum (solvus) compositions obtained inprevious studies but indicate a larger solubility of Al in hematite.The miscibility gap in the solution can be modelled with anasymmetric Margules equation with interaction parameters (2uncertainties): ; ; ; . Application of the corundum–hematite solution as a solvus geothermometer is limited because of thescarcity of suitable rock compositions. KEY WORDS: corundum; hematite; corundum–hematite miscibility gap; experimental study; Margules model; metabauxite     

The 1982-83 Eruption at Galunggung Volcano, Java (Indonesia): Oxygen Isotope Geochemistry of a Chemically Zoned Magma Chamber

Mount Galunggung is a historically active volcano in southwesternJava that has erupted four times in the last two centuries.During the most recent event, which occurred during a 9–monthinterval in 1982– 83, some 305 10⁶ m³ of medium–K,calc–alkaline magma was erupted. This eruption was unusualbecause of its duration, the diversity of eruption dynamicsand products, and the range of lava compositions produced. Thecomposition of juvenile material changed gradually during thecourse of the eruption from initial plagioclase (An_60–75)and two–pyrozene bearing andesites with 58% SiO₂ to finalplagioclase (An_85–90), diopside, and olivine (Fo_85–90)bearing primitive magnesium basalts with 47% SiO₂ Mineralogicaland compositional relationships indicate a magmatic evolutioninvolving differentitation of high–Mg parental melt. Theeruptive volumes of 35 10⁶ m³ andesite, 120 10⁶ m³ maficandesite, and 150 10⁶ m³ basalt are consistent with the ideathat the 1982– 83 eruption progressively tapped and draineda magma chamber that had become chemically stratified throughextensive crystal fractionation. Separates of plagioclase and pyroxene have ¹⁸O( SMO W) rangesof + 5. 6 to + 6.0 and + 5.3 to + 5.6, respectively, with ¹⁸O_plag–pxvalues of + 0.4 to + 0.6o, indicating internal O–isotopeequiliburium at temperature of 1100–850 C. The magenesianbasalts have magmatic ¹⁸O/ ¹⁶O ratios similar to those of mid–oceanridge basalt, and the O–isotope ratios of compositionallyevolved derivative melts show no evidence for contaminationof the galunggung magmas by ¹⁸O–rich crust during differentiation.Andesites and transitional mafic and sites have a more variableO–isotope character, with laves and phenocrysts havingboth higher and lower ¹⁸O values than observed in the parentalmagnesium basalts. These features are interpreted to reflectintramagma chamber processes affecting the upper portions ofthe differentiating Galunggung magma body before the 1982–83eruption.     

Spontaneous strain below the I\bar 1 - P\bar 1 transition in anorthite at pressure

The phase transition between the and phases of anorthite has been studied at elevated pressure by single-crystal X-ray diffraction in a diamond-anvil cell. The phase transition is shown to be first-order in character for both end-member anorthite (CaAl₂Si₂O₈) and for an anorthite with a small amount of albite component (NaAlSi₃O₈) in solid solution. Reversals of the transition across the phase boundary at three other compositions show that the transition pressure (P _Tr) increases with increasing albite content. This behaviour is compared with that observed at elevated temperatures, and is analysed in terms of Landau theory.     

Comparison of 40Ar-39Ar and Rb-Sr Data on Phengites from the UHP Brossasco-Isasca Unit (Dora Maira Massif, Italy): Implications for Dating White Mica

Different lithologies (impure marble, eclogite and graniticorthogneiss) sampled from a restricted area of the coesite-bearingBrossasco–Isasca Unit (Dora Maira Massif) have been investigatedto examine the behaviour of ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar and Rb–Srsystems in phengites developed under ultrahigh-pressure (UHP)metamorphism. Mineralogical and petrological data indicate thatzoned phengites record distinct segments of the P–T path:prograde, peak to early retrograde in the marble, peak to earlyretrograde in the eclogite, and late retrograde in the orthogneiss.Besides major element zoning, ion microprobe analysis of phengitein the marble also reveals a pronounced zoning of trace elements(including Rb and Sr). ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar apparent ages (35–62Ma, marble; 89–170 Ma, eclogite; 35–52 Ma, orthogneiss),determined through Ar laserprobe data on phengites (step-heatingand in situ techniques), show wide intra-sample and inter-samplevariations closely linked to within-sample microchemical variations:apparent ages decrease with decreasing celadonite contents.These data confirm previous reports on excess Ar and, more significantly,highlight that phengite acted as a closed system in the differentlithologies and that chemical exchange, not volume diffusion,was the main factor controlling the rate of Ar transport. Conversely,a Rb–Sr internal isochron from the same eclogite yieldsan age of 36 Ma, overlapping with the time of the UHP metamorphicpeak determined through U–Pb data and thereby corroboratingthe previous conclusion that UHP metamorphism and early retrogressionoccurred in close succession. Different phengite fractions ofthe marble yield calcite–phengite isochron ages of 36to 60 Ma. Although this time interval matches Ar ages from thesame sample, Rb–Sr data from phengite are not entirelyconsistent with the whole dataset. According to trace elementvariations in phengite, only Rb–Sr data from two wet-groundphengite separates, yielding ages of 36 and 41 Ma, are internallyconsistent. The oldest age obtained from a millimetre-sizedgrain fraction enriched in prograde–peak phengites mayrepresent a minimum age estimate for the prograde phengite relics.Results highlight the potential of the in situ ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Arlaser technique in resolving discrete P–T stages experiencedby eclogite-facies rocks (provided that excess Ar is demonstrablya negligible factor), and confirm the potential of Rb–Srinternal mineral isochrons in providing precise crystallizationages for eclogite-facies mineral assemblages. KEY WORDS: ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar dating; Rb–Sr dating; phengite; SIMS; UHP metamorphism     

Calibration and Applications of Spinel Equilibria in the System FeO-Al2O3-SiO2

A new thermobarometer, based on the equilibrium: has been calibrated with experiments carried out in the piston-cylinderapparatus. Reversed equilibria were obtained using well-calibrated2.54 cm NaCl furnace assemblies and Ag₈₀Pd₂₀capsules with f_O2bufferedat or near iron-wustite. The equilibrium is located between5.2–5.4, 6.6–6.8, and 8.6–8.8 kb at 880, 940,and 1020?C, respectively, and at 5.2 and 8.8 kb between 865–880and 1020–1030?C, respectively. X-ray refinement data indicate that the hercynite (a = 8.15546?) has approximately 18 per cent inverse character. M?ssbauerspectra reveal that 4 mol per cent of the Fe is ferric (2 percent magnetite component). Broad Mossbauer lines and a Fe²+energy level splitting of 3.7 kJ mol^–1 calculated fromthe Mossbauer spectra are consistent with the X-ray determineddegree of inversion, although no separate octahedral Fe²⁺ spectraldoublet is resolved. Calibration of this equation allows calculation of the equilibrium: Thermobarometers based on the above equilibria are widely applicablein granulite fades rocks and yield pressure/temperature datathat are consistent with other well-calibrated barometers andthermometers.     

Al-Si ordering in Sr-feldspar SrAl2Si2O8: IR,TEM and single-crystal XRD evidences

Al-Si ordering in Sr-feldspar has been followed by isothermal annealing, starting from a disordered metastable configuration. Ordering could not be followed by changes in the spontaneous strain as cell parameters did not show significant changes with thermal treatment from 0.016 h to 452 h at T=1350° C, while, on the contrary, significant changes in IR spectra are observed. A single crystal obtained from melt (Q _od 0) has been progressively heated up to 678 h at T=1350° C and the relevant structural refinements enabled to monitor changes in degree of Al-Si order up to Q_od = 0.86. In isothermal treatment for Sr-feldspar it is observed a significantly lower Q _od than in anorthite after the same annealing time. TEM observation has shown in Sr-feldspar, also for shortest annealing, b type reflections, while in anorthite, in the same conditions, e type reflections have been observed (Carpenter 1991a). In the first stages of ordering b APDs sized 100 Å (at T=1350° C, 0.33 h) have been observed in Sr-feldspar; APD coarsening occurs with an activation energy of 120±7 kcal mol^-1, not significantly different from anorthite. The ordering process seems to be a slower process in Sr-feldspar than in anorthite, even though data from longer annealing suggest that the Q _od close to the equilibrium is the same in Sr and Ca-feldspar (Q _od = 0.86 at T=1350° C).     

Annealing of radiation damage in allanite and gadolinite

Samples of allanite and gadolinite with a range of alpha-recoil damage 0.1 to 3.0 dpa, were annealed in Ar and analysed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), infrared (IR) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Samples that were fully metamict, and also amorphous regions of partially metamict samples, annealed according to the Ostwald step rule. After annealing, X-ray crystalline material still showed significantly damaged regions under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hydrothermal annealing of fully metamict gadolinite at 710° C and PH₂O=2.3 kbar resulted in direct recrystallization. Direct recrystallization, by heterogeneous nucleation, occurred also in samples with significant amount of relict crystalline material. Of two exotherms observed on DTA curves for fully metamict gadolinite only one, at 840° C, resulted from recrystallization. The second exotherm at 895° C was related to the transformation of a transitional, high-temperature γ-phase into gadolinite. The activation energy of recrystallization of partially metamict gadolinite is 0.58 eV. The same annealing path for fully metamict gadolinite and for the amorphous component of partially metamict allanite is consistent with the model of an aperiodic random network structure of metamict minerals.