新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷石炭系原油形成过程及勘探意义

新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷牛圈湖构造带马25井石炭系火山岩储层中发现了原油和固体沥青共存,通过储层多级分离抽提和原油地球化学分析,并对这些原油(或固体沥青)的形成过程与其勘探意义进行了研究,结果表明这些原油和沥青可能主要来自下石炭统烃源岩,具有较低姥植比和伽玛蜡烷含量、高丰度三环萜、高Ts/Tm比值和重族组分碳同位素(δ13C-28.0‰)特征;现今油藏原油富含生物降解标志物(25-降藿烷),同时却无明显其它生物降解特征(正构烷烃、甾藿烷等保存完整),反映多期充注特征,即二叠纪中晚期成藏后遭受生物降解,白垩纪后期又再次充注形成;下石炭系有效烃源岩的存在预示着本区具有深部下石炭统源岩贡献的油气藏勘探前景。     

三塘湖盆地条湖组含沉积有机质凝灰岩致密储层特征

含沉积有机质凝灰岩是三塘湖盆地一种特殊类型的致密储层,对这套含沉积有机质凝灰岩致密储层的研究将为提高我们对非常规致密储层的认识提供一个很好的机会。文中通过凝灰岩样品岩石矿物组成、薄片、扫描电镜、石英结晶度和物性等的分析,阐述了三塘湖盆地二叠系条湖组含沉积有机质凝灰岩致密储层的特征。结果表明：条湖组凝灰岩致密储层的岩石类型主要有玻屑凝灰岩和晶屑玻屑凝灰岩,凝灰岩中最主要的矿物是石英,平均含量可以达到50%以上。凝灰岩致密储层的储集空间类型可以分为脱玻化作用形成的矿物粒间孔,溶蚀作用形成的粒内孔、无机矿物粒内孔和黏土矿物粒内孔,有机质孔以及裂缝。凝灰岩储层的物性具有高孔低渗的特点,孔隙度主要分布在10%~25%,空气渗透率主要分布在(0.01~0.5)×10-3 μm2,凝灰岩火山玻璃质的脱玻化作用是导致凝灰岩储层高孔低渗的主要因素,脱玻化形成的粒间孔体积小但数量巨大造成了凝灰岩总孔隙度较高,孔隙喉道半径极小又导致渗透率很低。凝灰岩储层物性主要受原始火山灰的组分以及脱玻化程度的控制,玻屑凝灰岩比晶屑玻屑凝灰岩储层物性好,脱玻化程度越高储层物性越好,而脱玻化程度主要受凝灰岩的埋深(温度)、有机质(有机酸)含量等因素控制。     

新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷侏罗系西山窑组沉积特征及沉积模式

在岩心观察的基础上,结合录井资料、重矿物分析及地震资料,对三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷西山窑组物源方向、沉积相展布及沉积模式进行研究。研究认为马朗凹陷西山窑组主要发育辫状河三角洲和湖泊相2种沉积相。西山窑组下段沉积时期,辫状河三角洲在湖盆北侧大面积分布,辫状河三角洲前缘的水下分流河道频繁改道、迁移,相互切割,叠置成厚20～50m连片分布的砂体。西山窑组上段沉积时期,马朗凹陷以湖泊相沉积为主,有小规模的辫状河三角洲发育,局部发育滩坝砂体。西山窑组沉积整体呈现出一个水进过程。分析化验数据表明,西山窑组砂岩以岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主,储集层胶结作用不强,以压实减孔为主,主要发育剩余粒间孔;储集层质量主要受控于沉积微相,水下分流河道砂体是最好的储集砂体。     

三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷石炭系火山岩系油气成藏主控因素及模式

三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷石炭系主要发育两套烃源岩,分别为哈尔加乌组上段和哈尔加乌组下段,油气藏形成的源控作用十分明显。通过烃源岩和原油地球化学的分析以及油源对比,发现不同类型原油的形成与分布严格受控于对应源岩的分布范围。分析表明,马朗凹陷石炭系火山岩系油气成藏的主控因素是优质烃源岩、强充注油源断裂和有利火山岩相带的合理配置。根据烃源岩与储层的配置关系,石炭系油气藏的形成可以概括为两种模式:一种为风化壳型成藏模式,油气聚集在石炭系火山岩顶部受风化淋漓作用改造的优质储层中,其中的油气来自下部烃源岩,运移通道为与烃源岩相沟通的油源断裂;另一种模式为内幕型成藏模式,储层为流体溶蚀改造的储层,其中聚集的油气来自邻近火山喷发间歇期沉积的炭质泥岩。     

火山灰影响下的湖相富有机质页岩油成藏条件分析 ——以三塘湖盆地条湖-马朗凹陷芦草沟组为例

三塘湖盆地条湖-马朗凹陷芦草沟组二段(芦二段)广泛发育一套火山灰与碳酸盐岩混合沉积的地层,但是芦二段页岩油的成藏条件和主控因素仍然不明确.本研究开展了有机/无机地球化学分析、岩芯常规分析(孔隙度、渗透率、含油饱和度)、全岩X射线衍射(XRD)、薄片、氩离子抛光-扫描电镜(FESEM)、高压压汞(HPMI)-核磁共振(N...     

三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷卡拉岗组火山岩岩性及岩相特征研究

火山岩地层的对比和划分是研究其岩性、岩相及变化规律的前提和基础。根据测井、地震资料结合孢粉组合分析,确定三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷卡拉岗组火山岩在研究区具有北厚南薄和东厚西薄的特征。孢粉组合表现为裸子植物花粉明显优势于蕨类植物孢子,孢粉以科达粉、弗氏粉、单束细肋粉、冷杉多肋粉组合为特征,其中科达粉含量最多（25.3%～54.3...     

三塘湖盆地二叠纪芦草沟组分布及其意义

三塘湖盆地主要生油层系和储集层系——二叠纪芦草沟组,与准噶尔盆地南缘的芦草沟组和吐哈盆地的塔儿朗组沉积非常相似,在岩性和生物群上均可对比,对油气勘探具有重要意义。但其分布受地质情况及研究手段的限制,一直存在很大争议。笔者通过野外剖面、井下剖面对比,详尽地描述了二叠纪芦草沟组的岩石组合特征。通过对区域构造、沉积相及沉积环境的分析,结合古生物资料及测年数据,认为三塘湖盆地二叠纪芦草沟组仅残存于马朗凹陷全区和条湖凹陷南缘冲断带。     

新疆东北部三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷西山窑组层序地层格架及沉积相预测

综合应用岩芯、测井、三维地震等资料,对新疆东北部三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷西山窑组层序地层特征及沉积相进行系统研究。结果表明,西山窑组共识别出3个三级层序界面,将西山窑组分为2个三级层序（SQ1、SQ2）,识别出4种主要的沉积体系：即辫状河三角洲、辫状河、冲积扇及湖泊沉积体系。在层序格架内,应用属性分析、频谱分解等技术对马朗凹陷主要勘探层系西山窑组SQ1层序低位域砂体的分布进行刻画,并以此为依据,进一步研究了马朗凹陷SQ1层序低位域沉积相的平面展布特征及演化规律,最终建立了该时期沉积发育模式,为油田的勘探开发提供了地质依据。     

新疆三塘湖盆地上石炭统近源凝灰岩致密油藏形成条件

三塘湖盆地上石炭统烃源岩是火山喷发环境下形成的,烃源岩往往与厚度不等的凝灰岩交互出现,但凝灰岩致密储层的厚度和物性差异较大,源储关系较复杂,因而近源凝灰岩致密油藏的形成需要特定的条件。为了认识三塘湖盆地上石炭统近源凝灰岩致密油藏的形成条件,以典型致密油藏M36为例,综合运用岩心、薄片、测录井、地球化学测试等资料,对成藏要素进行解剖,建立上石炭统凝灰岩致密储层及烃源岩有效性的评价标准,并总结出近源致密油藏成藏模式。结果表明,储层孔隙度大于5%、对应渗透率大于0.07×10-3μm2的凝灰岩可以作为有效储层;烃源岩有机碳含量在4.0%以上,对应生烃潜量大于10%,且Ro大于0.8%的高炭泥岩、暗色泥岩为优质烃源岩;较好的储层、优质的烃源岩和互层型源储配置关系是近源凝灰岩致密油藏的形成条件。     

马朗凹陷芦草沟组源岩油储集空间特征及其成因

通过场发射环境扫描电子显微镜,背散射电子衍射,X射线能谱,X衍射等分析手段对马朗凹陷芦草沟组源岩油储层储集空间类型及其特征与成因进行研究。结果表明,该区源岩层的储集空间可分为5大类：原生孔,包括粒间孔、晶间孔;次生溶蚀孔隙,包括粒间溶蚀孔、粒内溶蚀孔、溶蚀缝和基质型溶蚀孔隙;有机质热演化生烃残留孔;裂缝,包括构造缝和非构造缝;纹层间由于岩石物理性质差异形成滑脱缝和破裂缝。从微观孔隙结构分析,各类微孔隙、微裂缝是源岩中烃类的主要储集空间,裂缝、微裂缝起主要的输导作用,改善储层渗透性。     

Microscopic Characteristics of Tiaohu Formation Sedimentary Tuff tight Oil Reservoir from Malang Sag, Santanghu Basin

<正>There is a sedimentary tuff tight oil reservoir between lacustrine mudstone and volcanic in Tiaohu Formation from Malang sag,Santanghu Basin(Chen,et al.,2014;Liang,et al.,2014;Zhu,et al.,2014).This sedimentary tuff tight reservoir is characterized by fine grain,rich oil,high porosity,low permeability,micro pore development.The chemical composition of the tight oil reservoir is mainly     

新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷中二叠统芦草沟组泥页岩层系SiO2赋存状态与成因

为了弄清新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷芦草沟组泥页岩层系中SiO_2对储集层物性、脆性等特性的影响,通过全岩和黏土矿物X衍射、岩石力学性质、阴极发光、扫描电镜及电子能谱等实验手段对其中SiO_2的赋存状态进行了研究,初步探讨了SiO_2不同形态赋存的机理,并在此基础上探究了石英含量对储层的影响。研究表明:凝灰岩、泥页岩和粉砂质泥岩中二氧化硅多以非晶态形式存在。二氧化硅在凝灰岩中多呈不规则球粒状,而在泥页岩和粉砂质页岩中无固定形态。凝灰质泥岩、凝灰质白云岩和白云岩中二氧化硅呈现一定的晶体形态。在凝灰质泥岩中,二氧化硅以自生石英形态聚集呈条带状,在凝灰质白云岩中则以自生石英形态发育于孤立的孔、洞之中,而白云岩中二氧化硅只能生长成Opal-A/Opal-CT阶段。凝灰质成分及其脱玻化作用为自生石英的生长提供了二氧化硅和生长空间,是控制SiO_2赋存状态的根本因素。此外,储集层孔隙度、渗透率和抗压强度都与石英含量呈一定正相关性,泊松比则与其呈负相关性。     

Geochemical constraints on mixed source and hydrocarbon filling process in the Yingjisu Sag,Tarim Basin,Xinjiang

The Yingjisu Sag was petroliferous for normal oil, condensate oil, reservoir bitumen and natural gases. Geochemical studies showed that natural gases in the Yingjisu Sag were a gas mixture consisting mainly of Cambrian pyrolysis gas, Jurassic condensate oil in well Yingnan 2 and normal oil in well Tadong 2, reflecting the characteristics of marine-phase gases and oils, while crude oils in well Longkou 1 demonstrated the characteristics of both marine and terrestrial oils, which were derived from lower algae and higher plants. Jurassic oils from wells Longkou 1 and Huayingcan 1 and Cambrian crude oils from well Tadong 2 were derived mainly from Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks. Jurassic and Silurian reservoir bitumens from well Yingnan 2 were biodegradated, suggesting they are of marine and terrestrial origins. The bitumens have similar geochemical characteristics, which are correlated well with Ordovician crude oils from well Tadong 2 and Jurassic condensate oil from well Yingnan 2. Based on the characteristics of tectonic evolution in this area and the analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation, the constraints on the mixed source and hydrocarbon filling process in the Yingjisu Sag were brought forward.     

渤海湾盆地南堡油田原油特征与油源分析

南堡油田是渤海湾盆地近年发现的油气储量可观的新油田,为揭示该油田原油特征与成因,对43个原油样品、31块泥岩样品进行详细的地球化学研究与油源对比。依据特征生物标志物、单体烃碳同位素分析,将南堡油田原油分为3种类型:Ⅰ类,南堡1、2号构造带古近系+新近系原油;Ⅱ类,南堡3、4、5号构造带古近系+新近系原油;Ⅲ类,南堡凹陷已发现奥陶系潜山原油。Ⅰ类原油以较低的重排甾烷/规则甾烷,较高的甾烷/藿烷、4-甲基甾烷/C29规则甾烷、伽马蜡烷/C30藿烷值及正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素相对偏重等特征区别于Ⅱ类原油;Ⅲ类原油以较高成熟度、正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素总体偏重等特征不同于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类原油。油源对比结果表明,Ⅰ类原油为沙二+三段、东三段—沙一段烃源岩的混合贡献,Ⅱ类原油主要来源于东三段—沙一段烃源岩,Ⅲ类原油主要来源于沙二+三段烃源岩。首次明确提出南堡1、2号构造带古近系+新近系原油主要为沙二+三段烃源岩的成烃贡献,沙二+三段烃源岩为南堡油田主力烃源岩之一,这对南堡油田油气资源评价和勘探方向决策具有参考意义。     

Tight-reservoir micropore formation and evolution in sedimentary organic-matter-bearing tuff: a case study from the Permian Tiaohu Formation in the Santanghu Basin,NW China

Recently, a tuffaceous tight oil reservoir with considerable reserves has been found in the Santanghu Basin, northwestern China. The physical properties of the tuff are characterised by high porosity (5–25%) and low permeability (0.01–0.50 mD). This reservoir has the peculiar property of being a sedimentary organic-matter-bearing tuff formed by air-fall volcanic ash in a lake. Its discovery offered an excellent opportunity to further our knowledge of the formation and evolution of tuffaceous tight-reservoir micropores. This study integrates analyses of organic geochemistry, thin-sections, scanning electron microscopy, CT scanning, mineral and element compositions, mercury injections and measurements of porosity and permeability to determine the characteristics of the formation and evolution of the tuff micropores. (1) The tuff reservoir comprises vitric, crystal-vitric, pelitic and silicified tuffs, which are characterised by high porosity and big throat, moderate porosity and thin throat, low porosity and thin throat, and very low porosity and moderate throat pore structures, respectively. (2) Of the four types, vitric tuff has the properties best suited to a reservoir, and devitrification of volcanic glasses is the principal mechanism of reservoir micropore formation. (3) The tuff of the Permian Tiaohu Formation contains sedimentary organic matter, and organic acids produced during kerogen maturation facilitate the process of devitrification. (4) Evolution of tuff porosity depends mainly on the original composition and burial depth. The porosity of vitric tuff is higher than crystal-vitric tuff at the same depth, but both their porosities initially decrease and then increase with depth. At depths >3000 m, vitric tuff retains the trend towards higher porosity, whereas the porosity of crystal-vitric tuff remains largely unchanged or even decreases. The results of this investigation could be considered a reference regarding the distribution and prediction of tuffaceous reservoirs in similar situations in other parts of the world.